Application Package Research Articles

Медико-социальный профиль пациенток центра репродукции и планирования семьи.

Purpose of the study. Assessment of medical and social characteristics of patients at the Center for Reproduction and Family Planning Materials and methods. Using a specially developed questionnaire form “Card of medical and social examination of women suffering from infertility,” an anonymous survey was conducted of 398 women whose pregnancy occurred as a result of the IVF procedure. Mathematical data processing was carried out using spreadsheets of the MS Office‑2016 application package (Word, Excel) and the statistical software package StatSoft-Statistica 10.0. Results. The majority of women receiving treatment with IVF belong to the age group of 25–34 years (43.5%), permanently reside in St. Petersburg (88.0%), are married (73.0%), have higher and unfinished higher education (53.8%), employed (84.4%), have an average or above average income (95.0%) and good living conditions (93.0%). Among the patients, 15.1% are housewives. The share of non-working partners is 4.1%. The share of entrepreneurs among women and among men is about 20.1% and 23.1, respectively. The average age of the patient is 31.00±0.03 years, while the majority of women (61.9%) were first diagnosed with infertility before the age of 30, and almost half of the women became pregnant on the first try (49.6%). The majority plan to have only one child (43.2%). Before this pregnancy, 87.0% did not have children, but in case of ineffective treatment, 40.5% of respondents did not plan or doubted the need for adoption, and only 8.5% of women attempted it. Conclusion. The established medical and social profile of women who applied for infertility treatment using ART showed significant differences from the population. When making a decision about pregnancy, the high importance of material well-being factors was revealed. Despite the availability of IVF in the metropolis, patients at the reproduction center are largely focused on having one child and do not always have a positive attitude towards the issue of adoption. Scope of the results. Development of organizational measures aimed at increasing access to medical care for women with infertility.

The Dragon Image of Ly-Tran Dynasty: Application in Historical Comic Characters

The theme of decorative patterns of lotus, chrysanthemum, dragon, cloud, and water waves is a commonly used image in Ly-Tran's decorative designs that are still used today. Others are an endless source of inspiration for application design and themes that have become fashion trends with ethnic elements. Contributing to promoting and preserving the value of Vietnamese fine art in the modern period, this article surveys and analyses the formation and transformation of water waves through the ages and their applications in contemporary packaging design. The research shows that the water wave pattern is a long-standing symbol and decorative pattern in ancient Vietnamese visual arts; it not only has artistic value but also contains religious and spiritual value and the profound Eastern philosophical concept, reflecting the constant rotation of life on each winding rhythm. This pattern under the Ly-Tran dynasties has both practical significance and represents the peak shaping value of the dynasty. Integrating the rhythm of contemporary life into application design, using water wave patterns in packaging design, aims to promote and spread more widely to the public in modern life. This article aims to study the social context and creative forms of recreating and using water wave motifs in general application design and packaging in the field of art and design today. At the same time, analysis of new design methods continues to develop, convey, and even expand the symbolic meaning of the motifs through the aesthetic orientation of contemporary people and by inheriting and promoting traditional good culture.

Deep learning combined with the teaching practice path of computer software application courses under the perspective of “five-education integration”

Abstract As a core course of educational technology, the teaching of application software in colleges and universities faces the problem of insufficient practical ability of learners. This paper constructs a suitable path of computer software application teaching with reinforcement learning by combining reinforcement learning algorithm with students’ cognitive diagnosis theory. Students’ practical level is diagnosed through students’ actual operation results combined with the factors of guessing and mistakes, and appropriate teaching practice paths are recommended based on students’ practical ability combined with Markov decision-making to model the environment of computer software application practice. The TOVE method was used to evaluate the computer application practice course, and the practice paths with individualization were reasoned based on the connection between students’ knowledge points. The results show that among the experimental results of different practice paths, the effectiveness of the deep learning practice path of S1 is the highest at 85%. Compared with the expert-recommended practice path, the deviation value of the path effectiveness of S5 is 1, which indicates that the deep learning practice path is similar to the expert path likewise with a certain degree of specialization. On the Analysis of classroom project practice, the deviation value of the control class is 0.5512, and the deviation value of the experimental class is 4.2662, which is significantly larger than that of the control class, indicating that there is a significant improvement in students’ practical ability under the deep learning teaching practice path.

An automatic cough counting method and system construction for portable devices.

Cough is a common symptom of respiratory diseases, and prolonged monitoring of cough can help assist doctors in making judgments about patients' conditions, among which cough frequency is an indicator that characterizes the state of the patient's lungs. Therefore, the aim of this paper is to design an automatic cough counting system to monitor the number of coughs per minute for a long period of time. In this paper, a complete cough counting process is proposed, including denoising, segment extraction, eigenvalue calculation, recognition, and counting process; and a wearable automatic cough counting device containing acquisition and reception software. The design and construction of the algorithm is based on realistically captured cough-containing audio from 50 patients, combined with short-time features, and Meier cepstrum coefficients as features characterizing the cough. The accuracy, sensitivity, specificity, and F1 score of the method were 93.24%, 97.58%, 86.97%, and 94.47%, respectively, with a Kappa value of 0.9209, an average counting error of 0.46 counts for a 60-s speech segment, and an average runtime of 2.80 ± 2.27s. This method improves the double threshold method in terms of the threshold and eigenvalues of the cough segments' sensitivity and has better performance in terms of accuracy, real-time performance, and computing speed, which can be applied to real-time cough counting and monitoring in small portable devices with limited computing power. The developed wearable portable automatic cough counting device and the accompanying host computer software application can realize the long-term monitoring of patients' coughing condition.

УПРОЩЕННАЯ КОМПЬЮТЕРНАЯ МОДЕЛЬ ВЕТРОЭНЕРГЕТИЧЕСКОЙ СИСТЕМЫ НА ОСНОВЕ ДВУХ МАГНИТОЭЛЕКТРИЧЕСКИХ ГЕНЕРАТОРОВ С РЕКОНФИГУРИРУЕМЫМИ ОБМОТКАМИ

Relevance Due to the growing demand for electricity and the reduction in reserves of traditional energy sources, energy conservation and the use of alternative sources are becoming increasingly important. Wind energy is an important growth industry in the production of electricity from renewable wind energy, playing an important role in diversifying energy sources and reducing dependence on the unstable political and economic factors associated with the extraction and transportation of fossil fuels. Wind energy, from a scientific point of view, is a field of science and technology that develops the theoretical foundations, methods and means of using wind energy. To convert the kinetic energy of the wind flow into mechanical energy of rotation of the generator rotor with its subsequent conversion into electrical energy, wind power plants of various configurations are used, installed in open areas where the wind has a suitable speed for generating electricity. Of particular interest to researchers, engineers and the public around the world is the issue of developing new wind power plants and improving existing ones. Thus, wind energy has great interest in the modern world, representing an important and promising option for diversifying the energy system, reducing environmental pollution and providing a sustainable and economically attractive source of energy for future generations. Aim of research To study the operating modes at low and normal wind speeds of a wind power system model based on two magnetoelectric generators with reconfigurable windings in the Matlab application package (Simscape). Research methods Simulation of operating modes at low and normal wind speeds of a wind energy system based on two magnetoelectric generators with reconfigurable windings in the Matlab application package (Simscape). Results A study was carried out of the operating modes at low and normal wind speeds of a wind energy system based on two magnetoelectric generators with reconfigurable windings in the Matlab application package (Simscape). This voltage regulation method can provide the ability to stabilize voltage and maintain high efficiency at an acceptable level over a wider range of low and normal wind speeds.

THE MATHEMATICAL MODEL OF TWO-DIMENSIONAL ELECTROMAGNETHIC FIELD

The purpose of this work is to develop a mathematical model of two-dimensional electromagnetic field, i.e. to construct a system of axioms (assumptions) that we unconditionally accept, although they do not correspond to the real electromagnetic field, but approximate it quite well. A mathematical model of two-dimensional electromagnetic field is constructed based on four assumptions: 1. Boundedness: we assume that on an infinite plane there is a bounded convex domain, outside which the field is zero. 2. Existence of nodes: we assume that in the domain there is a finite set of points, called nodes. All calculations of potential values are carried out only at internal nodes․ 3. Existence of neighbors: we assume that all pairs of nodes are divided into two types: neighboring and non-neighboring, and only neighboring nodes interact. 4. Discretization: we assume that the magnetic permeability of the medium is discrete, i.e. is a piecewise constant function. It is shown that within our mathematical model, from Assumptions 1 – 4, it follows that the electromagnetic potential is necessarily a piecewise linear function. It is shown that within our mathematical model, minimization of the energy functional leads to a system of nonlinear equations, the number of equations is equal to the number of internal nodes. It is proved that within our mathematical model, from Assumptions 1 – 4, it follows that for the numerical solution of the resulting system of equations, the optimal mesh is the Delaunay triangulation. The results are illustrated by an example of numerical solution of a field problem for electromagnetic systems with magnetorheological fluid using the FEMM tool. It is shown that the FEMM application package corresponds to our model.

Историк в пространстве междисциплинарности: взгляд студентов

This article presents the results of a pilot study of research priorities and professional preferences of undergraduate history students at three Siberian classical universities (Tomsk, Novosibirsk and Omsk). As an analytical framework for the study, we chose (a) the processes of reformatting socio-humanitarian knowledge and expanding areas of cooperation between historians and representatives of different disciplines; (b) the generational approach as a new direction for historical science in studying the mechanisms of intergenerational transmission of corporate cultures and identities. The data were collected by a questionnaire. To analyze the data from 165 respondents, a specialized application package IBM SPSS StatisticsBase and methods of mathematical statistics were used (descriptive statistics, parametric and non-parametric tests, one-way analysis of variance, correlation and factor analysis). The results of the study are described in two sections. The first section shows that the growing interest in the research activities of historians of the zoomer generation is not accompanied by an expansion of partner disciplines and, for example, interaction with IT is on the periphery of their preferences. The data analysis revealed differences between junior and senior students in their image of a “collective project” due to the distance learning format widespread during the COVID-19 pandemic, and gave the assumption on the continuing influence of the “Soviet scientific component” in the university socialization of historians. The second section presents students’ understanding of the connection between “society” and a “historian”, which is characterized by the majority of respondents as limiting their personal employment opportunities in the Siberian region and beyond. This allows us to state the high interest of students in acquiring research and social competencies through participation in interdisciplinary projects and explain the reasons for the discrepancies between their expectations and the actual practices of implementing such scientific interactions. In conclusion, the prospects for the participation of history students in projects to create online resources of a humanitarian nature are characterized, and a typology of groups focused on experimental, programmatic and situational interdisciplinary cooperation is presented.

Employing combined spatial and frequency domain image features for machine learning-based malware detection

<p>The ubiquitous adoption of Android devices has unfortunately brought a surge in malware threats, compromising user data, privacy concerns, and financial and device integrity, to name a few. To combat this, numerous efforts have explored automated botnet detection mechanisms, with anomaly-based approaches leveraging machine learning (ML) gaining attraction due to their signature-agnostic nature. However, the problem lies in devising accurate ML models which capture the ever evolving landscape of malwares by effectively leveraging all the possible features from Android application packages (APKs).This paper delved into this domain by proposing, implementing, and evaluating an image-based Android malware detection (AMD) framework that harnessed the power of feature hybridization. The core idea of this framework was the conversion of text-based data extracted from Android APKs into grayscale images. The novelty aspect of this work lied in the unique image feature extraction strategies and their subsequent hybridization to achieve accurate malware classification using ML models. More specifically, four distinct feature extraction methodologies, namely, Texture and histogram of oriented gradients (HOG) from spatial domain, and discrete wavelet transform (DWT) and Gabor from the frequency domain were employed to hybridize the features for improved malware identification. To this end, three image-based datasets, namely, Dex, Manifest, and Composite, derived from the information security centre of excellence (ISCX) Android Malware dataset, were leveraged to evaluate the optimal data source for botnet classification. Popular ML classifiers, including naive Bayes (NB), multilayer perceptron (MLP), support vector machine (SVM), and random forest (RF), were employed for the classification task. The experimental results demonstrated the efficacy of the proposed framework, achieving a peak classification accuracy of 93.03% and recall of 97.1% for the RF classifier using the Manifest dataset and a combination of Texture and HOG features. These findings validate the proof-of-concept and provide valuable insights for researchers exploring ML/deep learning (DL) approaches in the domain of AMD.</p>

Assessment of the effectiveness of use of fixed assets in oil productıon of the Republic of Azerbaijan

In the article, based on SOCAR’s statistical indicators covering 2008-2022, the efficiency of using fixed assets in oil production of the Republic of Azerbaijan was analyzed and assessed. Here, SOCAR's sales revenues, total cost of products sold, total profit and the amount of private capital were analyzed. During the period under study, the efficiency of use of SOCAR's private capital, the level of profitability of private capital, as well as the speed of turnover of private capital were assessed. In the article, based on the Eviews-12 application package, a correlation and regression analysis of the dependence between SOCAR’s income from the sale of manufactured products, capital investments and special capital was carried out. Keywords: private capital; level of profitability; turnover; efficiency; application package; correlation; regression; model; adequacy; heteroxedasticity; autocorrelation.

A simple, static and stage mounted direct electron detector based electron backscatter diffraction system

To engineer the next generation of advanced materials we must understand their microstructure, and this requires microstructural characterization. This can be achieved through the collection of high contrast, data rich, and insightful microstructural maps. Electron backscatter diffraction (EBSD) has emerged as a popular tool available within the scanning electron microscope (SEM), where maps are realized through the repeat capture and analysis of Kikuchi diffraction patterns. Typical commercial EBSD systems require large and sophisticated detectors that are mounted on the side of the SEM vacuum chamber which can be limiting in terms of widespread access to the technique. In this work, we present an alternative open-hardware solution based upon a compact EBSD system with a simple, static geometry that uses an off-the-shelf direct electron detector co-mounted with a sample. This simple stage is easy to manufacture and improves our knowledge of the diffraction geometry significantly. Microscope and detector control is achieved through software application programming interface (API) integration. After pattern capture, analysis of the diffraction patterns is performed using open-source analysis within AstroEBSD. To demonstrate the potential of this set up, we present two simple EBSD experiments using a line scan and area mapping. We hope that the present system can inspire simpler EBSD system design for widespread access to the EBSD technique and promote the use of open-source software and hardware in the workflow of EBSD experiments.

Assessment of the physical development of children with and without high thrombogenic risk factors in the Health Center for Children

BACKGROUND: Up to 65% diseases associated with pathological thrombus have been described; more than 100 thrombogenic risk factors leading to vascular accidents have been studied. It is known that physical development is an important indicator of health in children. The relationship between the presence of thrombogenic risk factors in various disorders of physical development in children has been studied.
 AIM: To determine the relationship between physical development disorders in children and the presence of thrombogenic risk factors.
 MATERIALS AND METHODS: The study included 396 children aged 14–18 years, who underwent physical growth assessment using the sigma deviation method and genetic testing to determine polymorphisms of folate cycle genes and polymorphisms of thrombophilia genes. Statistical processing was carried out using the application package Statistica 10.0 (StatSoft, Inc., USA).
 RESULTS: The analysis of anthropometric indicators in children showed that in the group of the patients with thrombogenic risk factors, height and body weight values with average physical disharmonious development due to excess weight were statistically significantly higher than age-reference indicators.
 CONCLUSIONS: Based on the results of the study, it has been shown that disharmony in physical development in children with high thrombogenic risk factors may be one of the risk factors for the development of thrombotic conditions.

Research on Computer Software Security Testing Techniques and Applications

Computer software security testing is a critical step in ensuring the security of computer systems. This research focuses on the techniques and applications of computer software security testing. Firstly, an analysis is conducted on three common testing methods: black-box testing, white-box testing, and grey-box testing. Next, the analysis and evaluation of security testing technology based on vulnerability mining, static analysis, and dynamic analysis are discussed. Lastly, the application practice of computer software security testing technology in web applications and mobile applications is explored. This research provides insight and guidance for computer software security testing.

Android-manifest extraction and labeling method for malware compilation and dataset creation

<div align="center"><span lang="EN-US">Malware is a nuisance for smartphone users. The impact is detrimental to smartphone users if the smartphone is infected by malware. Malware identification is not an easy process for ordinary users due to its deeply concealed dangers in application package kit (APK) files available in the Android Play Store. In this paper, the challenges of creating malware datasets are discussed. Long before a malware classification process and model can be built, the need for datasets with representative features for most types of <span>malwares has to be addressed systematically. Only after a quality data set is available can a quality classification model be obtained using machine learning (ML) or deep learning (DL) algorithms. The entire malware classification process is</span> a full pipeline process and sub processes. The authors purposefully focus on the process of building quality malware datasets, not on ML itself, because implementing ML requires another effort after the reliable dataset is fully built. The overall step in creating the malware dataset starts with the extraction of the Android Manifest from the APK file set and ends with the labeling method for all the extracted APK files. The key contribution of this paper is on how to generate datasets systematically from any APK file.</span></div>

Android Malware Classification Based on Fuzzy Hashing Visualization

The proliferation of Android-based devices has brought about an unprecedented surge in mobile application usage, making the Android ecosystem a prime target for cybercriminals. In this paper, a new method for Android malware classification is proposed. The method implements a convolutional neural network for malware classification using images. The research presents a novel approach to transforming the Android Application Package (APK) into a grayscale image. The image creation utilizes natural language processing techniques for text cleaning, extraction, and fuzzy hashing to represent the decompiled code from the APK in a set of hashes after preprocessing, where the image is composed of n fuzzy hashes that represent an APK. The method was tested on an Android malware dataset with 15,493 samples of five malware types. The proposed method showed an increase in accuracy compared to others in the literature, achieving up to 98.24% in the classification task.

Arsenic stress management through arsenite and arsenate-tolerant growth-promoting bacteria in rice.

Arsenic (As) contamination is a major problem affecting soil and groundwater in India, harming agricultural crops and human health. Plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) have emerged as promising agents for reducing As toxicity in plants. This study aimed to isolate and characterize As-tolerant PGPR from rice field soils with varying As levels in five districts of West Bengal, India. A total of 663 bacterial isolates were obtained from the different soil samples, and 10 bacterial strains were selected based on their arsenite (As-III) and arsenate (As-V) tolerant ability and multiple PGP traits, including phosphate solubilization, production of siderophore, indole acetic acid, biofilm formation, alginate, and exopolysaccharide. These isolates were identified by 16S rRNA gene sequencing analysis as Staphylococcus sp. (4), Niallia sp. (2), Priestia sp. (1), Bacillus sp. (1), Pseudomonas sp. (1), and Citricoccus sp. (1). Among the selected bacterial strains, Priestia flexa NBRI4As1 and Pseudomonas chengduensis NBRI12As1 demonstrated significant improvement in rice growth by alleviating arsenic stress under greenhouse conditions. Both strains were also able to modulate photosynthetic pigments, soluble sugar content, proline concentration, and defense enzyme activity. Reduction in As-V accumulation inoculated with NBRI4As1 was recorded highest by 53.02% and 31.48%, while As-III by NBRI12As1 38.84% and 35.98% in the roots and shoots of rice plants, respectively. Overall, this study can lead to developing efficient As-tolerant bacterial strains-based bioinoculant application packages for arsenic stress management in rice.

Desarrollo de una aplicación informática de ayuda al soporte nutricional especializado integrado en la historia clínica electrónica

ObjectivesTo develop an integrated computer software application for specialized nutritional support, integrated in the electronic clinical record, which detects automatically and early those undernourished patients or at risk of developing undernourishment, determining points of opportunity for improvement and evaluation of the results. MethodsThe quality standards published by the Nutrition Work Group of the Spanish Society of Hospital Pharmacy (SEFH) and the recommendations by the Pharmacy Group of the Spanish Society of Parenteral and Enteral Nutrition (SENPE) have been taken into account. According to these quality standards, the nutritional support has to include the following healthcare stages or sub-processes: nutritional screening, nutritional assessment, plan for nutritional care, prescription, preparation and administration. ResultsThis software allows to conduct, in an automated way, a specific nutritional assessment for those patients with nutritional risk, implementing, if necessary, a nutritional treatment plan, conducting follow-up and traceability of outcomes derived from the implementation of improvement actions, and quantifying to what extent our practice is close to the established standard. ConclusionsThis software allows to standardize the specialized nutritional support from a multidisciplinary point of view, introducing the concept of quality control per processes, and including patient as the main customer.

Drivers for design for deconstruction (DfD) implementation among design professionals

PurposeThe design for deconstruction (DfD) technique, a contemporaneous solution to demolition by optimizing disassembly activities to enable reuse, has recently emerged with several promises to promote the circular economy. However, little attention has been given to its implementation among design professionals, especially in the Global South. Therefore, this study aims to explore the drivers for DfD implementation among design professionals in the Ghanaian construction industry (GCI).Design/methodology/approachThe study adopted a mixed research approach (explanatory sequential design) with an initial quantitative instrument phase, followed by a qualitative data collection phase. Data from the survey were analyzed using mean, standard deviation, one-sample t-Test, and normalization value (NV) test after a review of pertinent literature. These data were then validated through semistructured interviews with ten design professionals with in-depth knowledge of DfD.FindingsThe findings revealed that although all ten drivers are important, the eight key drivers for the DfD implementation were identified as, in order of importance, “Availability of computer software applications regarding DfD,” “Inclusion of DfD in the formal education of design professionals,” “Increasing public awareness of the concept of DfD,” “Organizing workshops/seminars for design professionals on the concept of DfD,” “Availability of DfD training,” “Regulation regarding DfD,” “Industry guidance regarding DfD” and “Establishing a market for salvaged construction components.”Originality/valueThis study's findings provide insights into an under-investigated topic in Ghana and offer new and additional information and insights into the current state-of-the-art on the factors that drive DfD implementation.

A novel method for calculating Bose–Einstein correlation functions with Coulomb final-state interaction

Measurements of Bose–Einstein correlations played a crucial role in the discovery and the subsequent detailed exploration of the Quark-Gluon-Plasma (QGP) created in high-energy collisions of heavy nuclei. Such measurements gave rise to femtoscopy, a flourishing sub-field of high-energy physics, and there are important new directions to explore and discoveries to be made in the near future. One of these important current topics is the precise investigation of the shape of the correlation functions utilizing Lévy-stable sources. In this paper, we utilize Lebesgue’s dominated convergence theorem and Fubini’s theorem to present a novel method of calculating the shape of the two-particle correlation functions, including the Coulomb final-state interaction. This method relies on an exact calculation of a large part of the necessary integrals of the Coulomb wave function and can be utilized to calculate the correlation function for any source function with an easily accessible Fourier transform. In this way, it is eminently applicable to Lévy-stable source functions. In this particular case, we find that the new method is more robust and allows the investigation of a wider parameter range than the previously utilized techniques. We present an easily applicable software package that is ready to use in experimental studies.

Prognostic signs of the course of puberty in adolescents with type 1 diabetes

Objective — to determine significant clinical, anamnestic and hormonal factors on the prognosis of puberty disorders in modern adolescents with type 1 diabetes.
 Materials and methods. A comprehensive examination involved 233 patients with type 1 diabetes aged 9 to 18 years, who were examined and treated in the Endocrinological Department of the SI «ICAHC NAMS». Based on the results of assessment of the physical and sexual development, the groups of patients with a physiological and pathological course of puberty have been distinguished. To determine significant prognostic clinical, anamnestic, hormonal and metabolic signs regarding the course of puberty in adolescents with type 1 diabetes, the system and information analysis, heterogeneous sequential statistical technique «the Wald test» with the application of the Kullback—Leibler information measure was used. Creating a database and statistical processing of the results were carried out using application packages Microsoft Excel and SPSS 17.0 programs.
 Results and discussion. The most informative factors have been determined for prognosis of the course of physical and sexual development in adolescents with type 1 diabetes, and the informativeness and predictive coefficients (PC) of initial clinical, anamnestic and hormonal data indicators have been calculated. The most informative signs were combined with the table of physical and sexual development of girls and boys with type 1 diabetes. Despite some gender features of predicting the course of physical and sexual development in boys and girls, it has been proven that the most significant factors in predicting the course of puberty in patients with type 1 diabetes are the period of puberty in which the manifestation of diabetes occurred, the state of compensation carbohydrate metabolism, the level of self-control and the presence of comorbid thyroid gland pathology. Common adverse factors included manifestation of type 1 diabetes in childhood and in the early stages of puberty; the use of short-acting and long-acting human insulins; insufficient or excessive dose of exogenous insulin during puberty; unsatisfactory level of compensation of carbohydrate metabolism with high variability glycaemia during the day and low indicators of the duration of stay in the target range state; low level of diabetes self-control and lack of devices for monitoring of blood glucose; presence of thyropathy with signs thyroid insufficiency.
 Conclusions. The possibility to predict the course of puberty in an individual patient is the basis for the development of an individual preventive and therapeutic program, aimed at preserving the reproductive potential and social adaptation of adolescents with type 1 diabetes.

Security of software defined networks: evolution and challenges

<span>In software-defined networking (SDN), network traffic is managed by software controllers or application programming interfaces (APIs) rather than hardware components. It differs from traditional networks, which use switches and routers to control traffic. Using SDN, you can create and control virtual networks or traditional hardware networks. Furthermore, OpenFlow allows network administrators to control exact network behavior through centralized control of packet forwarding. For these reasons, SDN has advantages over certain security issues, unlike traditional networks. However, most of the existing vulnerabilities and security threats in the traditional network also impact the SDN network. This document presents the attacks targeting the SDN network and the solutions that protect against these attacks. In addition, we introduce a variety of SDN security controls, such as intrusion detection systems (IDS)/intrusion prevention system (IPS), and firewalls. Towards the end, we outline a conclusion and perspectives.</span>