Application Of Vegetable Oils Research Articles

Synthesis of lubricant additive for castor oil: A green and fast approach

The realization of industrial applications of plant-based lubricants depends on well-dispersed lubricant additives. Herein, microwave-assisted ball milling directly grafted L-phenylalanine (LP) onto graphene oxide. The reaction does not require a pretreatment step and avoids high temperatures and catalyst involvement. The prepared LP-functionalized graphene oxide (LP-GO) exhibited hydrophobicity with a water contact angle of up to 133° and could maintain stable dispersion in castor oil for more than 80 days. 0.2 wt% of LP-GO improved the thermal conductivity of castor oil by 11.1 % and contributed to the enhancement of tribological performance under three different conditions. In particular, wear and friction decreased by 7.31 % and 11.54 % under the medium speed medium load condition, respectively. The friction decreased by 25.27 % in the low-speed high-load condition, and the wear decreased by 18.65 % under the high-speed low-load condition. The characterization of the tribological interface revealed that the lubrication mechanism of LP-GO was attributed to its protective and repairing effects at the friction interface. The surface functionalization approach in this paper is rapid and green. It can be extended to other functionalizing agents and nanomaterials, facilitating further applications of vegetable oils in tribology.

A Review of Chemical Modification of Vegetable Oils and Their Applications

In order to cope with the shortage of non-renewable energy and the increasingly environmental pollution, sustainable vegetable oils, as competitive alternatives, have widely been held in the good graces of the researchers. Vegetable oils are suitable for a wide range of applications such as biofuels and biodiesel. However, the development of vegetable oils is limited due to the characteristics of unsatisfactory oxidation stability and poor cold-flow properties. Chemical modification is considered as an effective solution to enhance the performance. The research progress of the chemical modification methods and applications of vegetable oils in recent years are summarized in this review. Reducing the content of carbon–carbon double bonds and increasing the degree of saturation are the keys to improve the physicochemical properties of vegetable oils. The prospects for the development direction and challenges of vegetable oils are proposed. Future research may focus on the use of multifunctional catalysts to optimize reaction conditions or to introduce active groups with lubricating properties in epoxidation reactions and explore the combination of chemical and auxiliary methods.

ЭКОЛОГИЧЕСКИ БЕЗОПАСНЫЕ ПРОДУКТЫ ДЛЯ ЗАЩИТЫ ОТ КОРРОЗИИ

The use of cheap, environmentally friendly natural products is especially important for the anti-corrosion protection of agricultural machinery and equipment. The studies were carried out on samples of carbon steel St3.Coatings from sunflower and rapeseed oils and their sediments; birch tar and its emulsion prepared with a homogenizer; decoctions of bifungin, black and green tea, coffee, oak bark, potato and beet peels, orange and banana peel, bay leaf, onion peel, field honey, sugar, currant berries, dried garlic, tobacco, black and red pepper, seasonings hops-suneli, celandine were studied. Gravimetric studies in a G-4 thermal moisture chamber, in a 0.5 M NaCl solution, in decoctions of natural products were used to assess the protective properties of natural products. in 0.5 M NaCl solution and 5-9% - in thermomoisture chamber G-4. The application of vegetable oils on a wet surface practically does not affect their protective effectiveness, and application on a rusty one (preliminarily oxidized for 1 month) leads to a significant decrease in the protective effectiveness of coatings: by 33 and 42% for sunflower and rapeseed oils, by 23 and 40% for their sludge, respectively. Sediments of vegetable oils completely protect the steel surface when tested in a saline solution for 3 months, in a G-4 thermal moisture chamber for 40 days, and in full-scale bench tests for a year. The tar emulsion protects the steel surface well enough in a saline solution. Ecologically safe decoctions of common natural products, such as bay leaf, black coffee, orange peel, dried garlic, ground black pepper can be recommended for effective protection of carbon steel from atmospheric corrosion for a short period.

Experimental and DFT investigations on the supramolecular mechanism of Ni(II) extraction via D2EHPA blended 1-octanol extractant: Application of vegetable oils as diluents

Experimental and DFT investigations on the supramolecular mechanism of Ni(II) extraction via D2EHPA blended 1-octanol extractant: Application of vegetable oils as diluents

Castor oil based eco-friendly lubricating oil additives

The application of vegetable oil based additive for lubricating oil has attracted considerable interest due to their biocompatibility and multifunctional performances compared to conventional additives. In the present work, we have synthesized homopolymer of castor oil and copolymer of castor oil with styrene by thermal method without any solvent at different percentage composition by using BZP (benzoyl peroxide) as initiator. Characterization of the additives was completed by spectral technique (FT-IR and NMR spectroscopy). The molecular weight of the prepared additives was determined by gel permeation chromatography method (GPC method). Thermo gravimetric analysis (TGA) method was used to study the thermal stability of the prepared polymers. Standard ASTM methods were used to investigate the performance of all the prepared polymers in SN150 mineral oil as viscosity index improver (VII), pour point depressant (PPD) and antiwear. Biodegradability of all the polymers was determined disk diffusion method. From the experimental results, it was found that copolymers are more effective as VII, PPD and antiwear than homopolymer. Moreover, average molecular weight, thermal stability and performances as VII and antiwear increase with increasing the percentage of styrene in copolymers.

Preparation of vegetable oil-based nanofluid and studies on its insulating property: A review

The application of vegetable oil as an insulating fluid is gaining a lot of interest from researchers all over the world because of the fact that it is a renewable source and is easily available. This paper reviews and compares the preparation methods of vegetable oil-based nanofluids that have been used by many different authors. The experimental results obtained by previous researchers on the insulating properties of the vegetable oil-based nanofluids are also analysed and discussed in detail. In addition, future improvements for experimental works with insulating nanofluids are also proposed.

Vegetable oil quenchants: a review

For thousands of years, vegetable oils have been used as cooling media to heat treat metals. However, the motivation for employing quenchants formulated with biodegradable, non-toxic and renewable base stocks has seen significant increase due to the environmental appeal to replace petroleum based quenchants. This paper presents an overview of the main aspects and characteristics of vegetable oils that directly influence their commercial application such as structure, classification, biodegradability and toxicity, quenching properties, oxidation and inhibition, and wetting. Further, some applications of vegetable oils as quenchants will be discussed here.

Investigation on the Tribological Behaviour of Modified Jatropha Oil with Hexagonal Boron Nitride Particles as a Metalworking Fluid for Machining Process

Bio-based oil from vegetable oils was recently explored as an alternative solution to petroleum-based oil. However, the application of vegetable oils as metalworking fluids (MWFs) for machining process is still not widespread. The objective of this study was to investigate the tribological behaviour of modified vegetable oils, in comparison with synthetic ester (SE) and crude jatropha oil (CJO). In this study, the CJO was chemically modified via transesterification process to develop modified jatropha oil (MJO5). MJO5 was then blended with the hexagonal boron nitride (hBN) particles at various concentrations ranging between 0.05 to 0.5wt.%. The friction and wear test was performed using four ball tribotester. An experiment on orthogonal cutting process was carried out to evaluate the machining performances in terms of cutting force, cutting temperature, chip thickness and tool-chip contact length. The results reveal that the mixture of 0.05wt.% of hBN particles in the MJO5-based oil (MJO5a) outperformed the SE in terms of friction and wear. MJO5a showed excellent machining performances by reducing the machining force and temperature, which related to the formation of thinner chips and small tool-chip contact length. MJO5a is the best substitute to SE as sustainable MWFs in the machining operation with regards to the environmental and health concern.

PALM OIL USE AS ADDITIVE TO FUEL FOR TRACTOR DIESELS

When environmental requirements for tractor diesels and changes in the price policy of various fuels of oil origin increase, there is a need to use new alternative flammable substancesfor partially or completely replace traditional fuels. Application of vegetable oils as combustible material for diesel engines is most perspective. One of the most competitive fuel is palm oil which world production exceeds many other vegetable oils, including rape. Advantages of palm oil allow to use it as fuel or as diesel fuel additive. The authors onsidered the main physical properties of palm oil for the purpose of assessment of its influence on the fuel equipment and a further possibility of its use in diesel engines. For assessment of characteristics of operation of the tractor diesel engine bench tests with additives of palm oil to diesel fuel were carried out. Experimental studies were carried out on an electric brake stand in tandem with a D-120 diesel engine. If oil additives reach up to 20 percent then combustion and quality of mixing woul change. The maintenance of CH decreases at low and normal loads to 42 percent, and at high ones – up to 17 percent. Concentration of carbon monoxides CO at the same time increases: at low and normal loads – by 37-49 percent, and in a maximum of loadings it increases by 6- 8 times and makes about 65 ppm. The content of nitrogen oxides NOx in exhaust gases at additive of palm oil significantly differs at high loadings and decreases by 21 percent or up to 4550 ppm. Soot emissions decrease in proportion to increase of content of palm oil in fuel: at 10 percentage additive by 20-30 percent and at 20 percent by 35-45 percent.

Vegetable oil-based polyurethane coatings: recent developments in India

The present review centers on the preparation of polyurethane (PU) from vegetable oils as a renewable resource for formulating coatings. More precisely, the focus is on the contribution of India in PU coatings based on vegetable oils, as vegetable oils are available on a large scale and agriculture is the backbone of the Indian economy. The increase in the applications of vegetable oils in polymer preparation is due to the fluctuation in prices, uncertainty in supply and depletion of petroleum sources. Out of all vegetable oils, a majority of edible-grade oils are used in food-based products, while their non-edible counterparts are available on a large scale for exploring other applications. Industrial chemicals, in particular polyols for PU, can be obtained by chemical modifications of vegetable oils. These modifications involve etherification, esterification, epoxidation, thiol–ene reactions, neutralization and so on. The product – that is, polyol – of such modified oils can be low-molecular-weight resins – namely, alkyds, polyesteramides, polyetheramides and so on. Their structures can be controlled with hydroxyl chain ends and can be used in PU. The importance of such polyols has been confirmed in formulating PU coatings as well as in smart materials such as self-healing coatings.

Prospects of application of vegetable oils as antifungal agents (Literature review)

Purpose of work – to summarize and present modern scientific literature reviews of alternative antifungal agents usage, among which herbal medicines, and in particular herbal oils, may play significant role. Fungal infections (mycoses) are one of the leading infectious diseases in the world. Besides the medical importance, pathogenic fungi play a significant role in the food industry as potential pollutants. In order to treat fungal infections and to prevent food spoilage various medications that are products of chemical synthesis are widely used and the need for them increases significantly. However, among large number of medications and herbal drugs only a small part is used to treat fungal infections and to prevent food decay, though plants contain a lot of bioactive compounds with potential antifungal properties. Therefore, question of application of vegetable oils as antifungal agents is relevant. Various plants contain oils that have the potential antifungal properties, but are often used only in gastronomic purpose. The same time those oils can be successfully used for the treatment of candidiasis and infections caused by fungi of genera Aspergillus, Trichoderma, Penicillium, Fusarium, Metrhizium, Ophiostoma, Scopulariopsis and others. Their effects are manifested like using a single vegetable oil and mixtures of oils. Conclusions . Vegetable oils usage has big perspectives due to the lack of «addictive» effect and the development of resistance in fungi of different taxa. Vegetable oils do not require considerable investments for their reception, and thanks to traditions of aromo- and herbal medicine, their usage can be more effective in contrast to traditional chemotherapeutic agents. The search and study of new medicines based on vegetable oils may be a perspective direction of modern microbiological sciences and requires further deep studies of their biological properties and mechanisms of action.

Development and optimization of renewable vinyl plastisol/wood flour composites exposed to ultraviolet radiation

The application of vegetable oils as novel plasticizers for poly(vinyl chloride) (PVC) is currently in the spotlight of the polymer industry due to their ingrained sustainability. In this study, novel vinyl plastisol/wood flour composites based on epoxidized linseed oil (ELO) were evaluated. For this, PVC was first plasticized by 70 parts by weight of ELO per hundred parts of resin (phr) to form a vinyl plastisol. Wood flour, obtained by dry grinding from reed (Phragmite communis), was then incorporated at five different loadings (10, 15, 20, 25, and 30wt.‐%) and three particle sizes (100, 250, and 500μm). The effect of ultraviolet (UV) radiation was explored to activate the surface of wood flour to increase its interfacial adhesion with the vinyl plastisol. Stereomicroscopy and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) were used to examine the composites fracture and determine the dispersion of wood flour in the vinyl matrix. As per the surface appearance and mechanical results, optimal materials were observed for vinyl plastisol composites at high contents of wood flour with the largest particles that were previously exposed to UV for 4min. Resultant renewable vinyl plastisol composites show a great deal of potential as designed materials for wood replacement in building applications.

Screening of Bio-Surfactant Production Ability among Organic Pollutants Degrading Isolates Collected From Egyptian Environment

A total of ten bacterial isolates were screened for their biodegradation, metabolic versatility and biosurfactants production using various organic pollutants. The biosurfactants production ability was mainly assessed by oil spread test (OST) and/or emulsification assay (EA). Although initial biosurfactants screening was conducted using paraffin oil, the application of vegetable oils, particularly coconut oil, was always accompanied with the highest yield of biosurfactants production,. Biochemical and molecular identification of the ten isolates revealed that they belong to three genera; Klebsiella (6), Pseudomonas (3) and Citrobacter (1). Interestingly, four isolates (M2H2 1, M2H2 3, M2H2 8 and M2H2 14), showed the highest biosurfactants production and therefore were further assessed using mixed carbon source (coconut oil in combination with one organic pollutant (phenol or cyclohexanol)). The addition of the coconut oil was essential for increased production of biosurfactant, while the use of organic pollutant as a sole carbon source was always accompanied with lower productivity. Isolates (M2H2 1 and M2H2 14), showed the highest phenol biodegradation capacities (the most toxic pollutant), and were tested for the dual effect of biodegradation combined with biosurfactant production. Isolates M2H2 1 and M2H2 14 tolerated phenol concentrations up to 1500 and 1300 mgl-1, respectively, with no significant effect on biosurfactant activity. Adopting the induction regimen increased the phenol removal percentage from 2% to 66% and from 10% to 35% with isolates M2H2 1 and M2H2 14, respectively.

Vegetable oil as organic solvent for wastewater treatment in liquid membrane processes

Stepping into a green paradigm transition era, research works that promote sustainable development while still respecting the general environmental concerns are of great interest to many researchers. This, among other factors, has inspired and driven the research works into the feasibility of replacing the conventional petroleum-based organic solvents with the vegetable oil-based ones as the membrane phase of liquid membrane in wastewater treatment. Confirming the assertion, this paper presents an overview of liquid membrane technology, the conventional petroleum-based organic solvents used as its membrane phase and application of vegetable oil as organic solvent for wastewater treatment in liquid membrane processes. The viability of vegetable oil as organic solvent for wastewater treatment in liquid membrane processes is evaluated and waste vegetable oil as a more sustainable organic solvent is highlighted.

Function of ram spermatozoa frozen in diluents supplemented with casein and vegetable oils

The aim of this study was to assess biologically safer components as alternatives to egg yolk for the frozen storage of ram semen using casein, coconut or palm oil in either Salamon's diluent (S) or a swim-up medium (SU). Ejaculates were frozen as pellets and sperm motility (subjectively) and acrosome integrity (FITC-PNA/PI) by flow cytometry were assessed at 0, 3 and 6h after thawing and incubation at 37°C. Three experiments were done: different concentrations of palm oil (5%, 10% and 20%); casein added as emulsifier and protective agent; and differences between egg yolk, coconut and palm oil in S and SU. 20% of oil added to SU accounted for a lesser percentage (P<0.05) of motile cells compared to rest while no differences were found between different oil levels on viable cells. When casein was added to diluents containing 5% of palm oil, no differences were found between palm or casein (P>0.05). No differences were found when S and SU were compared neither as groups nor between S alone and containing coconut or palm oil; however, SU alone yielded less motility than SU 5% coconut. However, in both groups, S and SU, egg yolk accounted for the greatest values in both bases. These results indicate that none of biologically safer media components (casein, palm or coconut oil) used in this study maintained the function of ram spermatozoa after freeze-thawing better than S-containing egg yolk. The application of vegetable oils as substitutes for egg yolk in diluents for the cryopreservation of ram spermatozoa requires further research.

Controle alternativo do míldio da videira com extrato aquoso de cinamomo e óleo vegetal

Este trabalho teve como objetivo avaliar o efeito do extrato aquoso de cinamomo (Melia azederach) no controle de Plasmopara viticola. Para o teste de germinação de esporângios do oomiceto foram utilizadas as concentrações de 0, 5, 10, 15, 20 e 25 mL L-1 de extrato aquoso de cinamomo (EC), além dos tratamentos com mancozebe e calda bordalesa. No experimento em casa de vegetação e a campo foram estudadas as concentrações de 0, 30, 40 e 50 mL L-1 de EC (1:10 p/v), além de um tratamento com calda bordalesa (1:1:100). No segundo experimento, em condições de campo, os tratamentos foram: 0, 10, 20, 30, 40 e 50 mL L-1 de EC, acrescidos de óleo vegetal a 2,5 mL L-1, calda bordalesa e testemunha absoluta. No teste de germinação, verificou-se maior inibição de P. viticola às 2 horas após a incubação, para as concentrações de 20 e 25 mL L-1 de EC com uma redução de 66,5 e 62,0%, respectivamente. Em condições de casa de vegetação o EC a 40 e 50 mL L-¹ apresentou reduções de 70,0% e 86,0% da doença, respectivamente. Enquanto que as mesmas concentrações, no primeiro ciclo do experimento a campo, apresentaram um decréscimo de 34,0% e 31,0%, respectivamente. No segundo ciclo, o uso de óleo vegetal como adjuvante mascarou o efeito do EC e a aplicação isolada de óleo vegetal reduziu em 76,3% a área abaixo da curva de progresso da doença (AACPD), similar aos resultados obtidos com todas as concentrações de EC e com a calda bordalesa.

VEGETABLE OILS AS RAW MATERIAL FOR PRODUCTION OF SUITABLE PRODUCTS

Importance of vegetable oils in food industry is fast growing due to rising popularity of the wholesome food. Application of vegetable oils in different technical branches is connected with tendency to promote utilization of renewable raw materials and production of environmentally friendly products. Vegetable oils can be used for frying and salads as well as spices extracts, food additives, for massages, aromtherapy a.o. Wide field for utilization of vegetable oils is production of biodiesel fuel (fatty acid methyl- and ethylesters). Investigations about stabilization of pumpkin seed and oilseed pumpkin oils with BHT, ascorbylpalmitate and ascorbic acid were carried out. Investigations on oxidative stabilization of rape oil methyl- and ethylesters RME, REE (biodiesel fuels) with antioxidants at room and 60 oC temperature were carried out. Investigations about antioxidant properties of rosemary, basil and ginger extracts were carried out.

514 植物油混合燃料のディーゼル機関への適用に関する研究

514 植物油混合燃料のディーゼル機関への適用に関する研究

Vegetable oil as an MR contrast agent for rectal applications

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the feasibility of pure vegetable oil as an MR contrast agent for rectal applications. The hypothesis was that vegetable oil highlights the lumen of the rectum after rectal application as a positive contrast medium and offers additional contrast qualities using fat suppression techniques. Eleven MRI examinations were performed on 11 subjects (five healthy volunteers, all males, mean age 35 yr; and six patients, three males, three females, mean age 49 yr). Peanut oil, 200 ml, was applied rectally. In addition, 0.1 mmol/kg GD-DTPA was administered intravenously to the six patients only. Conventional T1-weighted SE sequences and T1-weighted SE images with fat suppression were obtained. Criteria for image evaluation were: overall image quality; uniformity of contrast distribution; chemical shift artifact; and delineation of the rectal wall. Side effects were assessed. There were no complaints reported by the 11 subjects. The image quality was sufficient in all studies. In all five of the volunteers and five of the six patients, the distribution of oil was uniform. Chemical shift artifacts did not deteriorate image quality. After rectal application of vegetable oil, the delineation of the rectal wall was sufficient with and without fat suppression techniques. Vegetable oil highlights the lumen of the rectum in MRI studies and offers additional contrast qualities with fat suppression techniques, acting as a positive as well as a negative contrast agent, depending on the chosen sequence.

PROPERTIES OF AN EXTRUDED, EXPANDED SNACK FOOD CONTAINING MECHANICALLY SEPARATED BEEF (MSB) AND POTATO FLOUR

ABSTRACTExtrudates from a blend of mechanically separated beef and potato flour, one with and one without salt, were extruded in a Brabender® laboratory model, single screw HTST extruder. Subsequent to exiting the die opening, the extrudate was cut into pieces about 5 cm in length, cooled to ambient temperatures, and then packaged in nitrogen flushed bags. Bacon flavor and seasonings were topically applied to the stored extrudate after an application of vegetable oil. Extrudates were evaluated as to their physical, nutritional, microbial, and sensory properties. Addition of salt (1%) decreased extrudate expansion ratios, increased shear strength (30 days' storage), but had no influence on bulk density. Microbial and thiobarbituric acid (TBA) values were not influenced during 60 days' storage; and the extrudate was rated as acceptable when evaluated by sensory panelists. The protein quality of the snack food was evaluated by using raw and extruded blends, which were incorporated into diets and fed to weaning rats. The extrudate with added salt had a lower PER than the raw blend with salt, extrudate without salt and a basal diet formulated with casein as the protein source. Rats receiving the diet of extrudate with salt developed diarrhea, which resulted in the lowest total body gain during the 28 day period.