Abstract
When environmental requirements for tractor diesels and changes in the price policy of various fuels of oil origin increase, there is a need to use new alternative flammable substancesfor partially or completely replace traditional fuels. Application of vegetable oils as combustible material for diesel engines is most perspective. One of the most competitive fuel is palm oil which world production exceeds many other vegetable oils, including rape. Advantages of palm oil allow to use it as fuel or as diesel fuel additive. The authors onsidered the main physical properties of palm oil for the purpose of assessment of its influence on the fuel equipment and a further possibility of its use in diesel engines. For assessment of characteristics of operation of the tractor diesel engine bench tests with additives of palm oil to diesel fuel were carried out. Experimental studies were carried out on an electric brake stand in tandem with a D-120 diesel engine. If oil additives reach up to 20 percent then combustion and quality of mixing woul change. The maintenance of CH decreases at low and normal loads to 42 percent, and at high ones – up to 17 percent. Concentration of carbon monoxides CO at the same time increases: at low and normal loads – by 37-49 percent, and in a maximum of loadings it increases by 6- 8 times and makes about 65 ppm. The content of nitrogen oxides NOx in exhaust gases at additive of palm oil significantly differs at high loadings and decreases by 21 percent or up to 4550 ppm. Soot emissions decrease in proportion to increase of content of palm oil in fuel: at 10 percentage additive by 20-30 percent and at 20 percent by 35-45 percent.
Highlights
Ключевые слова: пальмовое масло, альтернативное топливо, присадка к дизельному топливу, производство растительных масел, тракторный дизель, биотопливо
Advantages of palm oil allow to use it as fuel or as diesel fuel additive
For assessment of characteristics of operation of the tractor diesel engine bench tests with additives of palm oil to diesel fuel were carried out
Summary
When environmental requirements for tractor diesels and changes in the price policy of various fuels of oil origin increase, there is a need to use new alternative flammable substancesfor partially or completely replace traditional fuels. При использовании пальмового масла в качестве альтернативного топлива для тракторных дизельных двигателей тенденция изменения характеристик двигателя не должна иметь значительного расхождения с экспериментальными данными, полученными при использовании других растительных масел. По результатам эксперимента получены нагрузочные характеристики дизельного двигателя Д-120 при частоте вращения коленчатого вала n = 1800 мин–1 и добавках пальмового масла к дизельному топливу до 20% по объему. Изменение монооксидов СО при добавках паль- цикловой подачи и ухудшающегося смесеобразовамового масла также аналогично характеристике на ния, но для пальмового масла динамика снижения чистом дизельном топливе: до средних нагрузок кон- доли NOx в ОГ более активная. На чистом дизельном то- изменения физических свойств топлива при добавпливе до нагрузки Ne= 9-10 кВт выбросы СО снижа- ке масла и, как следствие, падения температуры его ются с 0,053 до 0,033%, при 10% пальмового масла – сгорания.
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