Application Of Uniform Electric Field Research Articles

Voltaglue Electroceutical Adhesive Patches for Localized Voltage Stimulation.

Electroceuticals have been proposed as nerve- and tissue-stimulating therapeutics for diverse ailments such as fracture repair, Parkinson's disease, diabetes, hypertension, and wound healing. However, academic and clinical investigations of electroceutical hypotheses remain intangible due to the lack of suitable interfaces required for the application of uniform electric fields to localized tissues. There is an unmet need to develop materials that match the mechanical properties of soft tissues, are electrically conductive, and can flex to accommodate body movements. Herein, the design of a flexible resistive substrate and voltage-activated adhesive-based "electroceutical plaster" is demonstrated, which generates bound electric fields. The electric fields generated by the resistive substrate can interact with the active component in the voltage-activated adhesive. Structure-activity relationships of applied voltage and current bias on electrorheology and tissue adhesion are investigated. Electrocuring migration is observed, where curing commences near the cathode and progresses toward the anode. A potential electroceutical dressing with a tunable lap shear adhesion of 20-65 kPa is introduced for evaluation of electroceutical therapies.

Effect of uniform electric field on the drop deformation in simple shear flow and emulsion shear rheology

Electrohydrodynamic deformation and orientation of a neutrally buoyant, leaky dielectric, Newtonian drop suspended in another immiscible, leaky dielectric, Newtonian medium is analyzed under the combined influence of uniform electric field and simple shear flow. Application of uniform electric field, perpendicular to the direction of shear flow, not only deforms the drop but also modifies the rheological behavior of a dilute emulsion. In the creeping flow limit, an analytical solution for the deformed drop shape is obtained when the drop shape remains nearly spherical and the surface charge convection is weak. The effective shear rheology is obtained for a dilute emulsion of non-interacting drops by calculating the one-particle contribution to the emulsion stress. The results show that the combined influence of uniform electric field and shear flow is not a simple linear superposition of the independent contributions from electric field and shear flow. Application of uniform electric field always leads to larger drop deformation with drop inclination more towards the direction of velocity gradient for the particular case of perfectly dielectric drops. Presence of surface charge convection for a leaky dielectric drop can increase or decrease the drop deformation with the drop inclination more towards either the direction of shear flow or velocity gradient. The effective shear viscosity and normal stress differences are found to be independent of shear rate. These quantities are significantly affected by the surface charge convection and shape deformation. Shape deformation always increases the effective viscosity of a dilute emulsion composed of perfectly dielectric drops. Interestingly, for a dilute emulsion composed of leaky dielectric drops, results show that the combined influence of charge convection and shape deformation can augment or decrease the effective shear viscosity.

Formation of Self-Assembled Domain Structures in Lithium Niobate Modified by Ar Ions Implantation

Self-assembled formation of dense structures of oriented domain rays under application of uniform electric field was studied in single crystalline lithium niobate wafers with surface layers modified by Ar ion implantation. Two types of domain structures were observed: strictly oriented straight domain rays and cogged ones appeared due to the fingering effect. The piezoresponse force microscopy was used for high-resolution domain imaging. Geometrical characteristics of the domain patterns obtained for different strength of applied field were extracted by statistical analysis. The correlated nucleation mechanism was claimed to be responsible for the formation of observed self-assembled domain structures.

Hot-electron velocity overshoot in Ga0.47In0.53As

Velocity overshoot phenomena in Ga0.47In0.53As to the application of uniform electric fields are investigated using recent values of the material parameters. The effects of the ambient temperature and of the doping concentration are studied. The material is found to yield peak drift velocities larger than those in GaAs. The values of the peak velocity are greater for short lengths of the active region, low impurity concentration, and low ambient temperatures.