Application Of Thermosonication Research Articles

Artificial neural networks (ANN)-genetic algorithm (GA) optimization on thermosonicated achocha juice: kinetic and thermodynamic perspectives of retained phytocompounds

The extraction of phytocompounds from Achocha (Cyclanthera pedata) vegetable juice using traditional methods often results in suboptimal yields and efficiency. This study aimed to enhance the extraction process through the application of thermosonication (TS). To achieve this, an artificial neural network (ANN) and a genetic algorithm (GA) were utilized to simulate and optimize the process parameters. The study investigated the influence of ultrasonic amplitude (30%–50%), temperature (30 °C–50 °C), and sonication duration (15–60 min) on total polyphenolic content (TPC), total flavonoid content (TFC), antioxidant activity (AOA), and ascorbic acid content (AA). Remarkably, the ANN-GA optimization resulted in optimal TS conditions: an ultrasonic amplitude of 40%, a temperature of 40 °C, and a sonication duration of 30 min. Subsequent analysis of extraction kinetics and thermodynamics across various temperatures (30 °C–50 °C) and extraction times (0–30 min) demonstrated R 2 (0.98821) and χ2 (1.74773) for TPC with activation energy (Ea) 26.0456, R 2 (0.99906) and χ2 (0.07215) for TFC with Ea 26.2336, R 2 (0.99867) and χ2 (0.03003) for AOA with Ea 26.0987, R 2 (0.99731) and χ2 (0.13719) for AA with Ea 26.0984, validating the pseudo second-order kinetic model. These findings indicate that increased temperature enhances the saturation concentration and rate constant of phytochemical extraction.

Effect of Thermosonication on the Nutritional Quality of Lapsi (Choerospondias axillaris) Fruit Juice: Application of Advanced Artificial Neural Networks.

This study explored the effect of thermosonication on the nutritional properties of lapsi (Choerospondias axillaris) fruit juice. The intent of the present investigation was to process lapsi fruit juice using both thermosonication and thermal pasteurisation and to compare the effects of these treatments on the juice's physicochemical, nutritional, and microbiological qualities. In order to maximise the retention of nutritional properties, enhance juice quality, and boost efficiency, an artificial neural network (ANN) model was also developed to forecast the optimisation of process parameters for the quality of lapsi fruit juice. This study establishes a novel experimental planning method using an ANN to multi-objectively optimise the extraction process and identify the ideal extraction conditions for thermosonication (50, 75, and 100% amplitude at 30, 40, and 50 °C for 15, 30, 45, and 60 min) to augment lapsi juice's nutritional and microbiological properties by improving certain attributes such as ascorbic acid (AA), antioxidant activity (AOA), total phenolic content (TPC), total flavonoid content (TFC), total plate count, and yeast and mould count (YMC). The maximum values for AA (71.80 ± 0.05 mg/100 mL), AOA (74.60 ± 0.28%), TPC (187.33 ± 0.03 mg gallic acid equivalents [GAE]/mL), TFC (127.27 ± 0.05 mg quercetin equivalents [QE]/mL), total plate count (not detected), and YMC were achieved in thermosonicated lapsi juice (TSLJ) under optimal conditions. For AA and TFC, the optimal conditions were 100% amplitude, 40 °C, and 45 min. For AOA and TPC, the optimal conditions were 100% amplitude, 40 °C, and 60 min, and for YMC, the optimal conditions were 100% amplitude, 50 °C, and 60 min. According to the findings, thermosonicated juices have improved nutritional properties, making them an excellent source of bioactive elements for use in both the food and pharmaceutical sectors. According to this study, ANN has been identified as a valuable tool for predicting the effectiveness of lapsi fruit juice extraction, and the application of thermosonication as an approach for lapsi juice preservation could be a potential successor to thermal pasteurisation. This approach can help to minimise or hinder quality degradation while improving the juice's functionality.

Application of Thermosonication in Red Pitaya Juice Processing: Impacts on Native Microbiota and Quality Properties during Storage.

The effects of thermosonication (TS) on microbial safety and quality of red pitaya juice during storage were assessed in this study. Freshly prepared red pitaya juices were thermosonicated at 475 W and 56 °C for 20 min. Upon TS processing, native microbiota including aerobic bacteria, yeasts, and molds reduced to less than 10 CFU/mL. Their growth during storage were slow and equal to thermal-processed (83 °C, 1.5 min) samples. During storage at 4 °C for 28 days, soluble solid content, pH, activities of polyphenol oxidase and peroxidase, and browning degree remained unchanged. A visible color decay was observed in TS-processed samples at day 10, mainly resulting from decomposition of betacyanins and the growth of residual native microbiota. Compared to thermal-treated juices, better color retention was obtained by TS treatment. Therefore, TS is a promising alternative technology of thermal methods of juice processing, with equal shelf life and better quality retention effects.

Effect of thermosonication on some bioactive, sensory analysis and microbiological properties of yellow watermelon juice using response surface methodology

In this study, the application of thermosonication, which is a moderate ultrasound process, on yellow watermelon juice and targeted optimization of the process conditions was completed using the surface response method. For this purpose, yellow watermelon juice was produced and thermosonication at different temperatures (30, 35, 40, 45 and 50 °C), different times (2, 4, 6, 8 and 10 min) and different amplitudes (40%, 45%, 50%, 55% and 60%) at 26 kHz frequency was applied to the samples. Total phenolic content (TPC), total flavonoid content (TFC), total antioxidant capacity (1,1-diphenyl- 2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH), cupric reducing antioxidant capacity (CUPRAC)), and color values (L*, a* and b*) were evaluated for optimization of process conditions. At the same time, the differences between pasteurized yellow watermelon juice (PW) and a control (C) of untreated yellow watermelon juice were investigated. At the end of the optimization, microbial safety and sensory properties of the yellow watermelon juice samples were evaluated. As a result of the study, the maximum optimization values for the yellow watermelon juice, with thermosonication applied, were 38.3 °C, 5.6 minutes and 50.5 amplitude. At the end of optimization, CUPRAC (0.214 mg TEAC/mL), DPPH (0.123 mg TEAC/mL), total flavonoid content (41.28 mg CE/L), and total phenolic content (104.30 mg GAE/L) were determined. Thermosonication-treated yellow watermelon juice was found to be safe in terms of microbial values and was most preferred by panelists. As a result, thermosonication technology was successfully used for yellow watermelon juice production.

Influence of thermosonication (TS) process on the quality parameters of high pressure homogenized hazelnut milk from hazelnut oil by-products.

Hazelnut, an important source of nutrition, is reasonably expensive for hazelnut milk production. Hazelnut cake, a by-product from hazelnut oil production by cold press extraction technique, does not contain any chemical residue and can be used for hazelnut beverage production. This study investigates the effects of thermosonication process on the quality parameters of hazelnut milks and also compares the observed results with the conventional thermal process. Different thermosonication conditions at different amplitude levels (40 and 60% amplitudes for 5, 10, 15, 20 and 25min and 80% amplitude for 3, 5, 10 and 15min) were studied for physicochemical and rheological properties, as well as microbial inactivation and bioactive compounds of hazelnut milk produced from the cold pressed hazelnut cake as byproduct of oil production. In general, sonication process significantly improved the total phenolic compounds, antioxidant activity, appearance and structural properties like syneresis, sedimentation, viscosity and consistency of samples. The application of thermosonication at 60% amplitude for 25min and 80% amplitude for 15min achieved complete inactivation of microorganisms (total aerobic mesophilic bacteria and yeast-mould). Complete inactivation of microorganisms was also achieved by conventional pasteurization at 85°C, but this treatment caused some undesirable changes such as loses of bioactive compounds and deterioration of structural properties. The findings of the present study indicate that thermosonication can be successfully utilized for commercial processing of hazelnut milk with improved quality. This technique allows the production of hazelnut milks in safety and quality standards with highly nutritious then the conventional product.

Modelling the kinetics of Seedless Guava (Psidium guajava L.) Peroxidase Inactivation due to Heat and Thermosonication Treatments

Effect of heat and thermosonication on inactivation kinetics of peroxidase in seedless guava have been studied over a temperature range of 80-95°C. Application of thermosonication was studied at 25, 50 and 75% of radiation intensity at the same temperature range. Ultrasonic wave’s intensity had significant(P<0.05) effect on peroxidase inactivation rate except the 25% intensity radiation. In both treatments, the enzyme kinetics showed a first-order kinetics model with monophasic behaviour. The activation energy, the rate constants were estimated which proving that the enzyme became more heat labile. Therefore, thermosonication can affect a process with reduced processing time and increased efficiency.

Modelling kinetics of watercress (Nasturtium officinale) colour changes due to heat and thermosonication treatments

Watercress (Nasturtium officinale) colour changes due to blanching by heat and a combined treatment of heat/ultrasound (thermosonication) were studied in the temperature range of 82.5 to 92.5 °C. The application of thermosonication was intended to enable less severe blanching treatments and, therefore, improve the quality of the blanched product. The thermosonication blanching processes promoted changes of the green colour (an parameter) at a higher rate (P < 0.05), when compared with the heat blanching processes. No significant differences (P > 0.05) were detected between heat and thermosonication blanching processes in terms of the colour parameters Ln, bn and TCD changes. In both treatments, a fractional first order model fitted well the experimental data for Ln, an and bn (RH2 = 0.99; RTs2 = 0.99) and TCD (RH2 = 0.92; RTs2 = 0.96) colour parameters. The chlorophylls content showed no significant differences (P > 0.05) between thermally treated and thermosonicated watercress samples. The present findings will help to evaluate the effectiveness of thermosonication as a novel process to replace the classical heat treatment. Conventional blanching commonly results in severe losses or destruction of nutrients due to process intensity and extended process times. Consequently, the attempts to use the synergistic effects of heat and ultrasound (at least) for enzyme inactivation are of high relevance. The results, although not conclusive, indicate, that they may aid optimization of blanching processes.

Effect of heat and thermosonication treatments on peroxidase inactivation kinetics in watercress ( Nasturtium officinale)

The effect of heat and the combined heat/ultrasound (thermosonication) treatment on the inactivation kinetics of peroxidase in watercress ( Nasturtium officinale) was studied in the temperature range of 40–92.5 °C. In the heat blanching processes, the enzyme kinetics showed a first-order biphasic inactivation model. The activation energies and the rates of the reaction at a reference temperature for both the heat-labile and heat-resistant fractions were, respectively, E a1 = 421 ± 115 kJ mol −1 and E a2 = 352 ± 81 kJ mol −1, k 1 84 . 6 ° C = 18 ± 14 min - 1 and k 2 84 . 6 ° C = 0 . 24 ± 0 . 14 min - 1 . The initial relative specific activity for both isoenzyme fractions were also estimated, being C 01 = 0.5 ± 0.08 μmol min −1 mg protein −1 and C 02 = 0.5 ± 0.06 μmol min −1 mg protein −1, respectively. The application of thermosonication was studied to enable less severe thermal treatments and, therefore, improving the quality of the blanched product. In this treatment the enzyme kinetics showed a first-order model. The activation energy, the rate of reaction at a reference temperature and the initial relative specific activity were, respectively, E a3 = 496 ± 65 kJ mol −1, k 3 87 . 5 ° C = 10 ± 2 min - 1 and C 03 = 1 ± 0.05 μmol min −1 mg protein −1, proving that the enzyme became more heat labile. The present findings will help to design the blanching conditions for the production of a new and healthy frozen product, watercress ( Nasturtium officinale), with minimized colour or flavour changes along its shelf life.