Application Of Therapy Research Articles

Stem Cell-Based Acellular Therapy: Insight into Biogenesis, Bioengineering and Therapeutic Applications of Exosomes.

The vast regenerative potential of stem cells has laid the foundation for stem cell-based therapies. However, certain challenges limit the application of cell-based therapies. The therapeutic use of cell-free therapy can avoid limitations associated with cell-based therapies. Acellular stem cell-based therapies rely on the use of biological factors released by stem cells, including growth factors and extracellular vesicles such as exosomes. Due to their comparable regenerative potential, acellular therapies may provide a feasible and scalable alternative to stem cell-based therapies. Exosomes are small vesicles secreted by various types of cells, including stem cells. Exosomes contain parent cell-derived nucleic acids, proteins, lipids, and other bioactive molecules. They play an important role in intra-cellular communication and influence the biological characteristics of cells. Exosomes inherit the properties of their parent cells; therefore, stem cell-derived exosomes are of particular interest for applications of regenerative medicine. In comparison to stem cell-based therapy, exosome therapy offers several benefits, such as easy transport and storage, no risk of immunological rejection, and few ethical dilemmas. Unlike stem cells, exosomes can be lyophilized and stored off-the-shelf, making acellular therapies standardized and more accessible while reducing overall treatment costs. Exosome-based acellular treatments are therefore readily available for applications in patients at the time of care. The current review discusses the use of exosomes as an acellular therapy. The review explores the molecular mechanism of exosome biogenesis, various methods for exosome isolation, and characterization. In addition, the latest advancements in bioengineering techniques to enhance exosome potential for acellular therapies have been discussed. The challenges in the use of exosomes as well as their diverse applications for the diagnosis and treatment of diseases have been reviewed in detail.

Photothermal Depth Profiling of Gelatin-Stabilised Gold Nanorods-Trastuzumab Conjugate as a Potential Breast Cancer Photothermal Agent

AbstractGold nanorods (AuNRs) are powerful photothermal agents (PTAs) in cancer treatment due to their near-infrared laser light absorption ability. However, the cytotoxicity of AuNRs caused by the presence of cationic surfactants often used and their lack of specificity affect their application in photothermal therapy. Thus, we herein developed a bioconjugate obtained from the functionalisation of AuNRs to gelatin (Gel@AuNRs), followed by the conjugation of the as-synthesised material to a breast cancer antibody, trastuzumab (Trast-Gel@AuNRs) to address these issues. The optical and structural characterization of the as-synthesized indicated no significant changes in the optical properties of AuNRs after their functionalisation with gelatin and conjugation with the antibody. The photothermal profiling of the as-synthesised materials showed that AuNRs still have an excellent photothermal conversion efficiency (PCE) after their functionalisation (20%) and their conjugation to an antibody (19%). In addition, the In vitro photothermal depth response showed that Trast-Gel@AuNRs is a promising photothermal agent for HER2-positive breast cancer treatment. Graphical Abstract

Efficacy and safety of acupuncture for cognitive impairment in Alzheimer's disease: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

To systematically evaluate the efficacy of acupuncture in the treatment of cognitive impairment in Alzheimer's disease (AD) by meta-analysis, in order to provide evidence-based evidence for the application of acupuncture therapy in the clinical process of AD. From the establishment of the database to December 31, 2022, China Biomedical Literature Database (CBM), China National Knowledge Network (CNKI), VIP database, WanFang Database, Pubmed, Embase and Cochrane Library Database were systematically searched. To collect published randomized controlled clinical trials (RCTS) of acupuncture in the treatment of cognitive impairment in AD. The subjects in the intervention group were given acupuncture alone or combined with other treatments the same as the control group; the control group received conventional Western medicine treatment. The main outcome indicators of the study were cognitive function assessment of subjects, including: Simple Mental State Examination Scale (MMSE), Assessment of daily Living Ability Scale (ADL), Alzheimer's Disease Cognitive Function Assessment Scale (ADAS-Cog), TCM syndrome score (SDSD), Montreal Cognitive Test (MoCA), Secondary outcome indicators were the occurrence of adverse reactions. Literature screening, data extraction, and quality evaluation of the included literature were performed independently by two researchers, according to bias risk assessment tools recommended in the Cochrane manual. Data were analyzed by RevMan5.3 software. Dichotomous variables were represented by risk ratio (OR) and 95% CI, and continuity variables were represented by mean difference (MD) and 95% CI. For heterogeneity analysis, when P > 0.1 and I 2 ≤ 50%, fixed effect model was applied. When P ≤ 0.1 and I 2 > 50%, the random effects model is applied. A total of 1,172 eligible subjects were included in 18 RCTS, including 595 in the intervention group and 577 in the control group. The results of meta-analysis are as follows: acupuncture intervention group improved MMSE [MD = 1.67, 95% CI (0.94, 2.41), P < 0.00001], ADL [MD = -1.18, 95% CI (-3.09, 0.72), P = 0.22], ADAS-Cog [MD = 3.31, 95% CI (5.84, 0.78), P = 0.01], SDSD [MD = 2.40, 95% CI (3.53, 1.26), P < 0.0001], MoCA [MD = 4.80, 95% CI (3.74, 5.86), P = 0.04] were better than the control group. No serious adverse reactions related to acupuncture were observed in the intervention group, and the incidence and severity of adverse reactions were lower than those in the control group, with statistical significance [OR = 0.17, 95% CI (0.04, 0.67), P = 0.01]. Existing data show that acupuncture therapy has certain advantages in improving cognitive dysfunction and improving self-care ability of patients with Alzheimer's disease. However, due to the small number of RCTS and cases evaluating the efficacy of acupuncture, and the possibility of measurement bias and selectivity bias in included studies, it is still unable to conduct high-intensity demonstration on its effectiveness. Further large-scale, high-quality randomized, double-blind controlled trials are needed to evaluate its efficacy. https://inplasy.com/inplasy-2021-12-0125/, identifier: INPLASY2021120125.

Application of Photoactive Compounds in Cancer Theranostics: Review on Recent Trends from Photoactive Chemistry to Artificial Intelligence.

According to the World Health Organization (WHO) and the International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC), the number of cancer cases and deaths worldwide is predicted to nearly double by 2030, reaching 21.7 million cases and 13 million fatalities. The increase in cancer mortality is due to limitations in the diagnosis and treatment options that are currently available. The close relationship between diagnostics and medicine has made it possible for cancer patients to receive precise diagnoses and individualized care. This article discusses newly developed compounds with potential for photodynamic therapy and diagnostic applications, as well as those already in use. In addition, it discusses the use of artificial intelligence in the analysis of diagnostic images obtained using, among other things, theranostic agents.

PH-Induced conversion of bolaamphiphilic vesicles to reduction-responsive nanogels for enhanced Nile Red and Rose Bengal delivery

This study details the preparation and investigation of molecular nanogels formed by the self-assembly of bolaamphiphilic dipeptide derivatives containing a reduction-sensitive disulfide unit. The described bolaamphiphiles, featuring amino acid terminal groups, generate cationic vesicles at pH 4, which evolve into gel-like nanoparticles at pH 7. The critical aggregation concentration has been determined, and the nanogels' size and morphology have been characterized through Dynamic Light Scattering (DLS) and Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM). Circular Dichroism (CD) spectroscopy reveals substantial molecular reconfigurations accompanying the pH shift. These nanogels enhance the in vitro cellular uptake of the lipophilic dye Nile Red and the ionic photosensitizer Rose Bengal into Human colon adenocarcinoma (HT-29) cells, eliminating the need for organic co-solvents in the former case. Fluorescence measurements with Nile Red as a probe indicate the reduction-sensitive disassembly of the nanogels. In photodynamic therapy (PDT) applications, Rose Bengal-loaded nanogels demonstrate notable improvements, with flow cytometry analysis evidencing increased apoptotic activity in the study with HT-29 cells.

Self-Reported Home Program Adherence by People With Aphasia: Exploring Construct Validity.

The study purpose was to compare the practice patterns captured by self-reported logbook data and those recorded by a computerized home program application. The current study is part of a larger single-case research design study aimed at investigating the effect of logbook use on home program adherence in people with aphasia poststroke. Data from six adults with chronic aphasia with interest in improving their reading were used in this secondary analysis. Participants completed reading comprehension therapy tasks using a mobile application and tablet. The activities were self-directed and designed for people with aphasia to complete independently. We created an aphasia-friendly logbook based on best practices to allow participants to record their estimated total minutes practiced. Participants received instructions to practice the reading therapy application 80 min a day 7 days a week for the duration of the study. We calculated the difference in the total time per day recorded by each participant to the application data collected. All participants used the logbook to record their practice. There was a strong relationship between self-reported logbook practice and application-recorded practice for four of the six participants. Individual differences were noted and explored. These results suggest that some people with aphasia can use logbooks with aphasia-friendly modifications to accurately estimate the amount of practice completed outside of therapy sessions.

Screening Analysis of Predictive Markers for Cytokine Release Syndrome Risk in CAR-T Cell Therapy

Background: Chimeric Antigen Receptor (CAR)-T cell therapy has emerged as a highly effective treatment for hematological tumors. However, the associated adverse reaction, Cytokine Release Syndrome (CRS), poses a significant challenge. While numerous studies have investigated CRS biomarkers during CAR-T cell therapy, the ability to predict CRS risk prior to treatment initiation remains a crucial yet underexplored aspect. Objective: The primary purpose of this study was to address the issue of limited data, explore an alternative approach using public data to identify predictive markers for CRS risk assessment from RNA-Seq in pre-treatment patients data, and comprehend the inducible mechanisms underlying CRS. Methods: We integrated information from two public databases, the FDA Adverse Event Reporting System (FAERS) for adverse reaction reports of CAR-T cell therapy and the Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) for RNA-Seq data on corresponding hematological tumors. Candidate genes were screened by correlation analysis between Reported Odds Ratio (ROR) values and RNA-Seq gene expression levels, and then core factors were identified through stepwise analysis of pathway enrichment, cluster analysis, and protein interactions. Results: Our analysis highlighted the correlation between CRS risk and pre-treatment T cell activation/ proliferation, identifying key genes (IFN-γ, IL1β, IL2, IL6, and IL10) as significant CRS indicators. Conclusion: This study offers a unique perspective on predicting CRS risk before CAR-T cell therapy, circumventing the challenges of scarce clinical data by leveraging analysis of public databases. It elucidates the crucial role of T cell activation/proliferation dynamics in CRS. The analytical methods and identified markers provide a reference for the research and clinical application of CAR-T cell therapy.

Dual-Drug Nanomedicine Assembly with Synergistic Anti-Aneurysmal Effects via Inflammation Suppression and Extracellular Matrix Stabilization.

Abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA) represents a critical cardiovascular condition characterized by localized dilation of the abdominal aorta, carrying a significant risk of rupture and mortality. Current treatment options are limited, necessitating novel therapeutic approaches. This study investigates the potential of a pioneering nanodrug delivery system, RAP@PFB, in mitigating AAA progression. RAP@PFB integrates pentagalloyl glucose (PGG) and rapamycin (RAP) within a metal-organic-framework (MOF) structure through a facile assembly process, ensuring remarkable drug loading capacity and colloidal stability. The synergistic effects of PGG, a polyphenolic antioxidant, and RAP, an mTOR inhibitor, collectively regulate key players in AAA pathogenesis, such as macrophages and smooth muscle cells (SMCs). In macrophages, RAP@PFB efficiently scavenges various free radicals, suppresses inflammation, and promotes M1-to-M2 phenotype repolarization. In SMCs, it inhibits apoptosis and calcification, thereby stabilizing the extracellular matrix and reducing the risk of AAA rupture. Administered intravenously, RAP@PFB exhibits effective accumulation at the AAA site, demonstrating robust efficacy in reducing AAA progression through multiple mechanisms. Moreover, RAP@PFB demonstrates favorable biosafety profiles, supporting its potential translation into clinical applications for AAA therapy.

Multifunctional MXene Nanosheets and Their Applications in Antibacterial Therapy

Bacterial infections are a great threat to human health, and the irrational use of antibiotics has largely compromised the efficacy of antibiotic therapy due to the emergence of drug‐resistant pathogens. It is known that synthesizing new antibiotics is difficult and time‐consuming. In this case, developing antibiotics‐independent antibacterial approaches is of great importance and significance. In the past decade, various functional nanomaterials have shown great potentials in the treatment of bacterial infections. Among these nanomaterials, transition metal carbides or nitrides, namely MXene, have attracted much attention. As the novel 2D nanosheets, MXene can serve either as a direct antibacterial agent due to its intrinsic antibacterial activity and photothermal effect, or as an efficient carrier to load photosensitizers and photocatalysts for photodynamic and photocatalytic therapy. In recent few years, the number of literatures regarding MXene‐based antibacterial therapy has increased rapidly. Thus, it is the time to systematically summarize the applications of MXene in the treatment of bacteria, especially those with drug resistance. Herein, it is aimed to summarize the preparation methods for MXene and provide a comprehensive understanding of its properties and applications in antibacterial therapy. Also, its use for bacterial detection and the challenges for practical use are discussed.

STUDY OF THE EFFECT OF THE COMBINATION OF HALOTHERAPY AND BREATHING GYMNASTICS IN CHILDREN WITH BRONCHIAL ASTHMA

Purpose. To date, there is no developed program and in-depth analysis of the complex impact of the effect of the combination of halotherapy and respiratory gymnastics in children with bronchial asthma, and the effect of its application on the disease has not been tracked. For this reason, referring to the successful results of the combined application of physiotherapeutic techniques, natural and reshaped physical factors in the recovery process in bronchial asthma in childhood, the following research goal was set: to implement the combined application of respiratory gymnastics and halotherapy for more effective rehabilitation program and optimal functional recovery in children with bronchial asthma and to track the effect of its impact. Material/Methods. The study was conducted from October 2018 to March 2020 in the city of Razgrad, Bulgaria, in the Resonance after-school training center. Results. The results show that properly conducted respiratory rehabilitation, combining the application of respiratory gymnastics and aerosol therapy, can contribute to the improvement of clinical indicators, reducing the frequency and severity of paroxysmal conditions, improving ventilation indicators, some gas parameters, physical capacity and quality of life. Conclusions. There are objective grounds for asserting that the tested physiotherapy program with an emphasis on respiratory gymnastics and halotherapy has a positive effect on the functional status of children with bronchial asthma and contributes to achieving independence in daily activities and improving their quality of life.

Advances in Multifunctional Electronic Catheters for Precise and Intelligent Diagnosis and Therapy in Minimally Invasive Surgery.

The advent of catheter-based minimally invasive surgical instruments has provided an effective means of diagnosing and treating human disease. However, conventional medical catheter devices are limited in functionalities, hindering their ability to gather tissue information or perform precise treatment during surgery. Recently, electronic catheters have integrated various sensing and therapeutic technologies through micro/nanoelectronics, expanding their capabilities. As micro/nanoelectronic devices become more miniaturized, flexible, and stable, electronic surgical catheters are evolving from simple tools to multiplexed sensing and theranostics for surgical applications. The review on multifunctional electronic surgical catheters is lacking and thus is not conducive to the reader's comprehensive understanding of the development trend in this field. This review covers the advances in multifunctional electronic catheters for precise and intelligent diagnosis and therapy in minimally invasive surgery. It starts with the summary of clinical minimally invasive surgical instruments, followed by the background of current clinical catheter devices for sensing and therapeutic applications. Next, intelligent electronic catheters with integrated electronic components are reviewed in terms of electronic catheters for diagnosis, therapy, and multifunctional applications. It highlights the present status and development potential of catheter-based minimally invasive surgical devices, while also illustrating several significant challenges that remain to be overcome.

Unraveling the Role of Neuroligin3 in Autism Spectrum Disorders: Pathophysiological Insights and Targeted Therapies.

Autism Spectrum Disorder is a neurodevelopmental disorder characterized by impaired social and communication skills, repetitive behaviors, and/or restricted interests with a prevalence of as high as 1% of children. Autism spectrum has strongly associated with genetic factors and exhibits wide clinical and heterogeneous genetic architecture. Most genes associated with Autism are involved in neuronal and synaptic development. The neuroligin3, the sex-linked gene on the X chromosome, was the first gene to be associated with a monogenic form of Autism. Neuroligin3 is a postsynaptic cell adhesion protein involved in synapse transmission, brain formation, and neuronal development. In this review, we provide recent findings on different mutations in the Neuroligin3 gene linked to Autism spectrum disorder and their molecular pathway effect. We also give the behavioral, and synaptic alterations reported in the Neuroligin3 animal model of Autism and the potential therapeutic strategies targeting the biological processes and the main symptoms of autism spectrum disorder. In addition, we discuss the use of novel technologies like induced pluripotent stem cells from Autistic patients that have the potential to differentiate in human neurons and therefore have a variety of applications in therapy and biomedical studies to search specific biomarkers, and develop systems for screening chemical molecules in human cells to discover target therapies.

Terapi Islami Ala Padepokan Iqro’ Terhadap Fenomena Pergaulan Bebas di Desa Kolam Kecamatan Percut Sei Tuan

In Kolam Village, the rise of negative behavior among the community and teenagers, especially promiscuity, demands special treatment to protect the younger generation from deviant actions. One approach to dealing with this problem is through religion. This research explores the application of Islamic therapy at Padepokan Iqro' as a solution to overcome the phenomenon of promiscuity. This therapy involves religious practices such as dhikr, prayer, and reading the Koran. Researchers feel it is important to highlight how Padepokan Iqro' applies Islamic therapy in dealing with promiscuity. The method used in this research is qualitative, with data collection techniques through interviews, observation, documentation and literature study. The research results show that the Islamic therapy implemented at Padepokan Iqro' in the form of religious activities such as dhikr, prayer and reading the Koran, aims to help the community, especially teenagers, in reducing social problems such as promiscuity.

Application of Music Therapy in Improving Sleep Quality and Psychological Health of Pregnant Women with Hypertension: A Retrospective Study.

The aim of the study was to retrospectively study the effect of music therapy on sleep quality and mental health level of pregnant women with hypertension in pregnancy (HIP). A total of 188 pregnant women with gestational hypertension admitted to The Fourth Hospital of Shijiazhuang from January 2022 to January 2023 were selected as the research objects. Based on various management methods documented in the medical record system, the individuals were divided into a control group (n = 88, routine management) and an observation group (n = 100, routine management + music therapy). The State-Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI), Athens Insomnia Scale (AIS), and pregnancy outcomes were compared between the two groups. No significant difference in the STAI and AIS scores before treatment was found between the two groups on admission (P > 0.05). The AIS and STAI scores in the observation group were lower than those in the control group 2 days after delivery (P < 0.05). The total incidence of adverse pregnancy outcomes in the observation group (8.00%) was lower than that in the control group (11.37%), but no significant difference between the two groups (P > 0.05). The implementation of music therapy for patients with HIP can alleviate their negative emotions to a certain extent and can improve sleep, offering certain clinical promotion value.

Cell-drug conjugates.

By combining living cells with therapeutics, cell-drug conjugates can potentiate the functions of both components, particularly for applications in drug delivery and therapy. The conjugates can be designed to persist in the bloodstream, undergo chemotaxis, evade surveillance by the immune system, proliferate, or maintain or transform their cellular phenotypes. In this Review, we discuss strategies for the design of cell-drug conjugates with specific functions, the techniques for their preparation, and their applications in the treatment of cancers, autoimmune diseases and other pathologies. We also discuss the translational challenges and opportunities of this class of drug-delivery systems and therapeutics.

Fe3O4 Nanoparticles That Modulate the Polarisation of Tumor-Associated Macrophages Synergize with Photothermal Therapy and Immunotherapy (PD-1/PD-L1 Inhibitors) to Enhance Anti-Tumor Therapy.

Traditional surgical resection, radiotherapy, and chemotherapy have been the treatment options for patients with head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) over the past few decades. Nevertheless, the five-year survival rate for patients has remained essentially unchanged, and research into treatments has been relatively stagnant. The combined application of photothermal therapy (PTT) and immunotherapy for treating HNSCC has considerable potential. Live-dead cell staining and CCK-8 assays proved that Fe3O4 nanoparticles are biocompatible in vitro. In vitro, cellular experiments utilized flow cytometry and immunofluorescence staining to verify the effect of Fe3O4 nanoparticles on the polarisation of tumor-associated macrophages. In vivo, animal experiments were conducted to assess the inhibitory effect of Fe3O4 nanoparticles on tumor proliferation under the photothermal effect in conjunction with BMS-1. Tumour tissue sections were stained to observe the effects of apoptosis and the inhibition of tumor cell proliferation. The histological damage to animal organs was analyzed by hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) staining. The stable photothermal properties of Fe3O4 nanoparticles were validated by in vitro cellular and in vivo animal experiments. Fe3O4 photothermal action not only directly triggered immunogenic cell death (ICD) and enhanced the immunogenicity of the tumor microenvironment but also regulated the expression of tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs), up-regulating CD86 and down-regulating CD206 to inhibit tumor growth. The PD-1/PD-L1 inhibitor promoted tumor suppression, and reduced tumor recurrence and metastasis. In vivo studies demonstrated that the photothermal action exhibited a synergistic effect when combined with immunotherapy, resulting in significant suppression of primary tumors and an extension of survival. In this study, we applied Fe3O4 photothermolysis in a biomedical context, combining photothermolysis with immunotherapy, exploring a novel pathway for treating HNSCC and providing a new strategy for effectively treating HNSCC.

Application of Music Therapy in Improving the Sleep Quality and Mental Health of Nurses with Circadian Rhythm Sleep Disorders Caused by Work Shifts.

To analyze the impact of using music therapy to improve the sleep quality and mental health of nurses who suffer from circadian rhythm sleep disorders. Our retrospective analysis included 360 nurses with circadian rhythm sleep disorders from 20 different departments who worked in Wuhan Third Hospital for more than 1 year from May 2022 to May 2023. A total of 180 nurses with circadian rhythm sleep disorders were classified as the control group (received melatonin receptor agonist Melatonin Receptor Type 2 [MT2]). The other 180 cases were classified into the observation group (received melatonin receptor agonist MT2 + music therapy). After six courses of treatment, the clinical efficacy, Self-Assessment Anxiety Scale (SAS) score, Self-rating Depression Scale (SDS), and Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index Scale (PSQI) score of the two groups of nurses were compared. Before treatment, no statistically significant differences in baseline treatment and SAS, SDS, and PSQI scores were found between the two groups. After treatment, the total effective rate of treatment in the observation group was 85.56%, which was significantly higher than the 50.56% in the control group (P < 0.001). After treatment, the SAS, SDS and PSQI scores of the observation group were lower than those of the control group (P < 0.05). The SAS, SDS and PSQI scores of both groups were lower after treatment than they were before treatment (P < 0.05). Implementing music therapy for nurses with circadian rhythm sleep disorders caused by shifts can improve sleep quality and reduce negative emotions. It is a clinical strategy with clinical application value and a certain promotion value.

Biological Activity of Natural and Synthetic Peptides as Anticancer Agents.

Cancer is one of the leading causes of morbidity and death worldwide, making it a serious global health concern. Chemotherapy, radiotherapy, and surgical treatment are the most used conventional therapeutic approaches, although they show several side effects that limit their effectiveness. For these reasons, the discovery of new effective alternative therapies still represents an enormous challenge for the treatment of tumour diseases. Recently, anticancer peptides (ACPs) have gained attention for cancer diagnosis and treatment. ACPs are small bioactive molecules which selectively induce cancer cell death through a variety of mechanisms such as apoptosis, membrane disruption, DNA damage, immunomodulation, as well as inhibition of angiogenesis, cell survival, and proliferation pathways. ACPs can also be employed for the targeted delivery of drugs into cancer cells. With over 1000 clinical trials using ACPs, their potential for application in cancer therapy seems promising. Peptides can also be utilized in conjunction with imaging agents and molecular imaging methods, such as MRI, PET, CT, and NIR, improving the detection and the classification of cancer, and monitoring the treatment response. In this review we will provide an overview of the biological activity of some natural and synthetic peptides for the treatment of the most common and malignant tumours affecting people around the world.

Transplantation of alveolar macrophages improves the efficacy of endothelial progenitor cell therapy in mouse model of bronchopulmonary dysplasia.

Bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) is a severe complication of preterm births, which develops due to exposure to supplemental oxygen and mechanical ventilation. Published studies demonstrated that the number of endothelial progenitor cells (EPC) is decreased in mouse and human BPD lungs and that adoptive transfer of EPC is an effective approach in reversing the hyperoxia-induced lung damage in mouse model of BPD. Recent advancements in macrophage biology identified the specific subtypes of circulating and resident macrophages mediating the developmental and regenerative functions in the lungs. Several studies reported the successful application of macrophage therapy in accelerating the regenerative capacity of damaged tissues and enhancing the therapeutic efficacy of other transplantable progenitor cells. In the present study, we explored the efficacy of combined cell therapy with EPC and resident alveolar macrophages (rAM) in hyperoxia-induced BPD mouse model. rAM and EPC were purified from neonatal mouse lungs and were used for adoptive transfer to the recipient neonatal mice exposed to hyperoxia. Adoptive transfer of rAM alone did not result in engraftment of donor rAM into the lung tissue but increased the mRNA level and protein concentration of proangiogenic CXCL12 chemokine in recipient mouse lungs. Depletion of rAM by chlodronate-liposomes decreased the retention of donor EPC after their transplantation into hyperoxia-injured lungs. Adoptive transfer of rAM in combination with EPC enhanced the therapeutic efficacy of EPC as evidenced by increased retention of EPC, increased capillary density, improved arterial oxygenation, and alveolarization in hyperoxia-injured lungs. Dual therapy with EPC and rAM has promise in human BPD.NEW & NOTEWORTHY Recent studies demonstrated that transplantation of lung-resident endothelial progenitor cells (EPC) is an effective therapy in mouse model of bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD). However, key factors regulating the efficacy of EPC are unknown. Herein, we demonstrate that transplantation of tissue-resident alveolar macrophages (rAM) increases CXCL12 expression in neonatal mouse lungs. rAM are required for retention of donor EPC in hyperoxia-injured lungs. Co-transplantation of rAM and EPC improves the efficacy of EPC therapy in mouse BPD model.

Application of Non-Pharmacologic Therapy in Hair Loss Treatment and Hair Regrowth.

Alopecia significantly affects the appearance and psychology of patients, and pharmacological therapies and hair transplantation are the main treatments for alopecia, but both have limitations. This review aimed to summarize the non-pharmacological therapies that promote hair growth and regeneration. This is a non-systematic review. Multiple databases was searched with relevant data published between 1997 and 2024. Searching and screening followed the PRISMA guidelines. Novel therapeutic modalities, such as gas molecules, platelet-rich plasma, laser, and microneedling, can change the microenvironment of hair follicles, activate hair follicle stem cells, and promote hair growth and regeneration. This paper reviews research on the application of non-pharmacological therapies in alopecia treatment and hair regeneration, with a view to providing an important basis for future research on alopecia treatment and the postoperative treatment of patients after hair transplantation.