Application Of Rock Phosphate Research Articles

Respons Benih Kakao Terhadap Amelioran, Mikrob Pelarut Fosfat, dan Pupuk Fosfat pada Tanah Masam

<em>The growth of cacao in acid soils is commonly limited by some problems such as low available P and pH, and high Al saturation. Therefore, research is needed to solve the problem of coffee cultivation in acid soil. This study aimed to determine the effect of ameliorant, phosphate solubilizing microbes (PSM), and phosphate fertilizers (P) on the growth and nutrient uptake of cacao seedlings, and some acid soil properties. The study used a randomized block design with 3 factors and 3 replications. The first factor was ameliorant applications (without ameliorant, 10% organic fertilizer, 4% rice husk biochar, 4% rice husk biochar + 10% organic fertilizer). The second factor was PSM applications: without PSM, Burkholderia ambifaria (BPF) inoculants, and Aspergillus niger (FPF) inoculants. The third factor was P fertilizers applications (without Phosphate Rock (PR), 100, 200, and 400 mg P/kg of PR, and 400 mg P/kg of SP-36). The results showed that the applications of 4% rice husk biochar + 10% organic fertilizer + BPF or FPF inoculants increase the number of leaves by 77.9% and 69.2%, respectively, and increase the dry weight of shoot by 93.6 % and 101.9%, respectively. Phosphate rock application in media without organic fertilizer increases dry weight of shoots and roots of cacao seedlings, and the uptake of P, Ca, and Mg in shoots linearly in line with the increase of PR dose to 400 mg P/kg. Application of rice husk biochar significantly increased the acid phosphatase activity of growing media. Meanwhile, organic fertilizer increased the soil pH, acid phosphatase and available P activity, and decreased Al-dd growing media.</em>

Research progress in activation of phosphorus containing substances and remediation of heavy metal pollution in soil

The phenomenon of soil phosphorus deficiency in China is very serious, which limits the agricultural production in China. Low molecular weight organic acids and phosphorus solubilizing microorganisms are widely distributed in the soil, and can be used as activators to improve the content of phosphorus in the soil. With the rapid development of industry and agriculture in China, heavy metal pollution in the environment is becoming more and more serious. China is rich in phosphate rock resources, but the grade of phosphate rock is low and the utilization efficiency is not high. Using phosphate rock to deal with heavy metal pollution has been favored by environmental scholars. This paper analyzes the main composition and application of phosphate rock in China, the activation of phosphate rock powder, the remediation effect and mechanism of phosphate rock powder and activated phosphate rock powder on heavy metals in soil, providing theoretical basis for the scientific utilization of low-grade phosphate rock and the treatment of heavy metal pollution.

Coconut (Cocos nucifera L.) Seedlings Performance in Relation to Rock Phosphate Application in an Ultisol at Nifor Main Station

Coconut (Cocos nucifera L.) Seedlings Performance in Relation to Rock Phosphate Application in an Ultisol at Nifor Main Station

APLIKASI BAKTERI PELARUT FOSFAT DAN ROCK PHOSPHATE TERHADAP KARAKTERISTIK FISIOLOGI TANAMAN TOMAT (Solanum lycopersicum L.)

Phosphorus (P) is one of the essential nutrients that functions is metabolism in plant. Based on these functions, it indicates that nutrient P has an important role for plant growth and production. However, its availability in soil is very low, which is less than 0.01% of the total P. Therefore, the availability of P nutrients in the soil needs to be increased by increasing the activity of soil microorganisms through the use of phosphate solubilization bacteria. This research is aimed to show the changes in the physiological characteristics of tomato plants through the application of phosphate solubilization bacteria and rock phosphate. Experiment using factorial randomized block design (RBD) which consisted of 2 factors with 2 consultation levels on the first factor (phosphate solubilization bacteria) and 4 levels on the second factor (rock phosphate), and it consist of 8 combinationed of phosphate solubilization bacteria and rock phosphate with 3 replicated. The results showed that the combination treatment of phosphate solubilization bacteria and rock phosphate affected the physiological characteristics of tomato plants, especially on the variables of stomata density, leaf chlorophyll, plant height, plant dry weight, fruit weight and plant P-tissue content in the vegetative final phase. The recommendation of an efficient fertilizer combination to improve physiological characteristics and high yields is use the phosphate solubilization bacteria and rock phosphate 0.69 grams Keywords: phosphate solubilization bacteria, physiological characteristic, rock phosphate

Enhancement Effect of Water-Soluble Phosphorus on Agronomic Effectiveness of Phosphate Rocks

ABSTRACTDirect application of phosphate rocks (PRs) with low/medium in reactivity has shown to be low in agronomic effectiveness for cereal crops. Presence of water-soluble P (WSP) in the vicinity of PR can significantly enhance the rooting system at the early stage of plant growth. This, in turn, can enable the plant to utilize the associated PR more effectively than the use of PR alone at planting. This report presents the results of several greenhouse experiments that show the granulated (WSP+PR) products by dry compaction process using different low-reactive PR sources were as effective as WSP fertilizers viz triple superphosphate (TSP) and monoammonium phosphate (MAP). The test plants were maize (30 days) and soybean and upland rice were grown to maturity on acid or neutral soils. Based on the results obtained a P ratio of 50:50 between WSP and PR is recommended for the granulated (WSP+PR) products that can achieve crop yields at the same levels as that with the WSP fertilizers.Abbreviations: phosphate rock, PR; water-soluble P, WSP; dry-matter yield, DMY

Isolation, occurrence, screening and characterization of rock phosphate solubilizing microbes

The present experiment is conducted on ‘isolation, Occurrence, Screening & Characterization of Rock phosphate solubilizing Microbes’. Phosphorus is the least mobile element in plant and soil contrary to other macronutrients. It precipitates in soil as orthophosphate or is absorbed by Fe and Al oxides through legend exchange. Phosphorus solubilizing bacteria play role in phosphorus nutrition by enhancing its availability to plants through release from inorganic and organic soil P pools by solubilization and mineralization Rock Phosphate is the cheapest and abundant Phosphatic fertilizer available but due to its sparse solubility. Most agricultural soils contain large reserves of phosphorus (P), a considerable part of which accumulates as a consequence of regular applications of P fertilizers. However, a greater part of soil phosphorus, approximately 95–99% is present in the form of insoluble phosphates and hence cannot be utilized by the plants combined application of rock phosphate with phosphate solubilizing microorganisms has emerged as a logical solution to this issue. The selection of microorganisms capable of solubilizing phosphorus (P) from rock phosphates (RP) may contribute to reduce the dependence of imported fertilizers in grain crops, reducing the costs of agricultural production, and also the environmental impacts. Principal mechanism in soil for mineral phosphate solubilization is lowering of soil pH by microbial production of organic acids and mineralization of organic P by acid phosphatase. Use of phosphorus solubilizing bacteria as inoculants increases P uptake. These bacteria also increase prospects of using phosphatic rocks in crop production. Greater efficiency of P solubilizing bacteria has been shown through co-inoculation with other beneficial bacteria and mycorrhiza In the present study bacterial and fungal strains were isolated from waste water, soil and sediment sample of ETP of Paradeep phosphate limited (PPL) and from Mahanadi river estuary (Paradeep), having potential to solubilize insoluble inorganic phosphates were characterized. Each isolates were tested for their tricalcium phosphate (TCP) and low grade rock phosphate (RP) solubilization efficiency in both solid and liquid medium. From the experiment it is found that out of 22 fungal isolates more than 50% were classified as efficient. There were significant differences in the availability of P among strains. From the Experiment it is also revealed that the solubilizing activity of both phosphates was associated with a reduction of pH which suggests that the acidification of the culture medium can be one of the mechanisms involved in the solubilization of P. Total number of 27 bacterial strains and 29fungal strains are taken for experiment and studied for maximum solubilization of insoluble inorganic phosphorous.. From the above study, it is concluded that More than 40% isolates of bacterial and fungal strains show the effect of phosphate solubilizing activity. The bacterial strain with 11B and fungal strain with 6F has highest phosphorous solubilization. From the maximum specific growth rate it can be concluded that the microbial isolates 6F and 11B are copiotrophs.

Performance of Bambara groundnut (Vigna subterranea L. Verdc.) with rice husk biochar and Christmas Island Rock Phosphate application

PurposeBiochar application could be a sustainable way to enhance the nitrogen fixation in Bambara groundnut and other legumes. The research was conducted to study the effect of rice husk biochar and the Christmas Island Rock Phosphate application on the performance of Bambara groundnut in the study area.MethodsTwo levels of rice husk biochar (0 and 10 t/ha) and four levels of Christmas Island Rock Phosphate (0, 20, 40 and 60 kg P2O5/ha) were factorially combined to make a total of eight treatment combinations which were laid out in a randomized complete block design (RCBD) with three replicates. Data were collected on nitrogen content and fixation of the crop.ResultsApplication of rice husk biochar increased the total mean of nitrogen content and N fixed by the crop from 120.0 and 90.9 kg/ha to 147.6 and 114.1 kg/ha, respectively. However, the effect of rock phosphate application on the nitrogen content and fixation of the crop was not observed.ConclusionRice husk biochar application at 10 t/ha alone was sufficient for nitrogen content and fixation of the crop. This implies that farmers in the study area can apply rice husk biochar at 10 t/ha to enhance the performance of the crop.

Refined New Technology and Application of Phosphate Rock Associated Iodine

Iodine is a world of scarce resources, and its characteristic is low yield, high price, wide uses. Production of iodine is≦800 t/a in our country, but demand of iodine is above 4000 t/a, so demand differences is big, about 80% of the iodine is importsed from countries such as Chile, Japan, turkmenistan[1]. At present iodine in our country mainly rely on extracting from kelp, but iodine yields are low,owing to limited algae production, low technology, large waste of resources and high operating cost factors, it is difficult to meet the basic requirements of iodine in our country. However, phosphate rock in our country contains considerable associated iodine, so much attention are given to development of associated iodine resources and comprehensive utilization of phosphate rock.

Nutritional Quality of Tomato (<i>Lycopersicon lycopersicum</i> L.) Varieties as Influenced by Combined Application of Human Urine and Rock Phosphate

There has been increasing interest in the quality of food produced in the sub-Saharan Africa and organic fertilizers can be used as palliative for eradicating malnutrition and improving the livelihood of the populace. A study was conducted in two phases, 4 × 5 × 2 and 2 × 4 factorial experiments in a completely randomized design with three replicates at the Department of Agronomy screenhouse, University of Ibadan, Nigeria. In the first experiment, five N levels (0, 20, 40, 60 and 80 kgN/ha) were combined with two P levels (0 and 20 kgP/ha) using urea and single superphosphate, respectively and four varieties (Roma VF, UC82B, Rio grande and Roma savana) of tomatoes were used. In the second experiment, optimum rates (60 kgN and 20 kgP/ha) from the first experiment formed the basis for the application of urea + SSP, urine + ORP, urea + SSP + urine + ORP and control. The best-performing varieties (Rio grande and Roma savana) in the first experiment were used. Data were subjected to analysis of variance. Combined application of N and P had higher N use efficiency and nutrient uptake than sole application of N or P. Urine + ORP based fertilizer mixtures were best for nutrient uptake and crop utilization of N and P. Increasing N levels led to decrease in nutrient use efficiency. Application of urine + ORP and urea + SSP gave better fruit qualities. The descending order of varietal superiority with respect to nutrient uptake, utilization and quality was: Rio grande > Roma savana > Roma VF > UC82B. Thus, urine + ORP based fertilizer mixtures have great potentials as substitutes for urea + SSP in the production of tomatoes.

Effect of organic and inorganic additives on some chemical properties of vermicompost, earthworm’s biomass and reproduction

ABSTRACT-The enrichment of bedding for vermicomposting systems with organic and inorganic additives is a technique which can promote the quality of produced vermicompost. Phosphate rock and fishmeal are two available and low-cost substances which can be provided easily and inoculation of vermicompost with phosphate solubilizing microorganisms (PSMs) can enhance the availability of their nutrients. In this research, the effect of using phosphate solubilizing bacteria (PSB) (Pseudomonas fluorescens) by adding phosphate rock (0 and 1% W/W) and fishmeal (0 and 1% W/W) on some chemical and biological properties of vermicompost was studied under greenhouse conditions with a factorial arrangement in a completely randomized design with three replications. Phosphate rock application and PSM inoculation decreased N concentration while fishmeal increased it. P concentration increased by adding phosphate rock, fishmeal or PSB or their co-applications. Fishmeal increased micro-nutrients concentration except for Fe. Phosphate rock increased Fe concentration and decreased other micro-nutrients concentration. Electrical conductivity (EC) increased by adding phosphate rock but decreased by fishmeal application. Phosphate rock and fishmeal increased pH. Phosphate rock and PSB decreased the number and weight of earthworms and the number of cocoons. Fishmeal application increased the number and weight of earthworms and number of cocoons. Results indicated that enrichment of vermicompost bedding by additives could increase some essential nutrients and change the growth and biomass of earthworms.

Production and nitrogen, phosphorus and calcium absorption of sword bean leaf (Canavalia gladiata) in application of rock phosphate and VAM inoculation

Sword Beans (Canavalia gladiata) have high biomass, resistant to drought, pests and diseases, high fertility and seed productivity. The research purpose was to know rock phosphate dose effect on production and nitrogen, phosphorus and calcium uptake of sword bean leaf with VAM application. The design used was completely randomized design (CRD) with 2x5 factorial and repeated three times. The first factor was VAM; M0: without VAM and M1: with VAM of 10 g/bag. The second factor was rock phosphate; P0: without rock phosphate, P1: rock phosphate fertilization; 100 kg / ha, P2: 200 kg / ha, P3: 300 kg / ha and P4: 400 kg / ha. The results; dry matter and calcium absorption of sword bean leaves showed similar results for VAM and without VAM application. The nitrogen uptake of VAM inoculated plants differed significantly higher than non VAM application. In phosphorus uptake there was VAM and rock phosphate interaction.

English

Low use efficiencies of inorganic fertilizers coupled with their rising costs has diverted attention of farmers towards organic sources. A study was conducted in Yatta sub-county between October 2012 to February 2013 short rains and April-August 2013 long rainy seasons to evaluate how tillage, cropping and organic inputs influenced soil nutrient status. A randomized complete block design with a split-split plot arrangement replicated three times was used. The main plots were tillage practices (TP): Split-plots comprised the cropping systems (CS) while split-split plots were organic inputs, plus the control. The test crops were sorghum and sweet potatoes (Impomea batata) with Dolichos (Dolichos lablab) and chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) added either as intercrops or in rotation. Soil was randomly sampled at 0 to 30 cm depth at the onset of the experiment and at maturity of test crop for NPK and % organic carbon (OC) analysis. Significant (P≤0.05) high level of K (1.91 Cmol/+kg), available P (51.45 ppm), total N (0.19%) and OC (2.19%), in combined TR, intercrop sorghum/chickpea with application of Minjingu rock phosphate (MRP)+ farmyard manure (FYM) during SRS of 2012 compared to the other treatment combinations was observed. Comparing different organic inputs, tillage practices and cropping systems combined tied ridges (TR), intercrop of sorghum/chickpea and MRP+FYM and FYM increased the soil nutrients status. Therefore, soil organic inputs such as MPR and FYM are viable alternatives to inorganic fertilizers for improving the soil nutrient status. The study therefore recommends incorporation of the organic inputs in combination with TR, as well as intercropping with legumes in their cropping systems to improve soil health and resilience. Key words: Cropping systems, tillage practices, organic inputs, semi-arid, soil nutrients.

Responses of Cowpea Genotypes to Indigenous Rock Phosphate Application

Core Ideas Indigenous RP has possibility as an alternative P source of mineral P fertilizer. Seven cowpea genotypes were identified as good responders to RP application. Application amount at 57 mg P kg−1 as RP was optimum amount for cowpea. Micro‐dosing technic was appropriate for applying powdery RP in the fields. Cowpea [Vigna unguiculata (L.) Walp.] plays an important role in the livelihoods of the people of sub‐Saharan Africa, but phosphorus (P) deficiency in soils is a serious problem that contributes to low productivity. This study was conducted to verify the efficiency of indigenous rock phosphate (RP) as a P source to promote this affordable method of soil management to farmers. Pot experiments were conducted to identify good responder genotypes to RP application and its effect in cowpea cultivation using low‐P soil from Fashola village in southwestern Nigeria and Togolese RP (34% P2O5). Shoot dry weight (SDW) at 8 wk after seeding (WAS) was significantly correlated with P uptake (r = 0.817; P < 0.01) and was therefore used as an indicator to select good responder genotypes. Sixteen of the 28 tested genotypes showed a low rate of decrease of SDW at 8 WAS under Togolese RP applications of 171 mg P kg−1 compared with 30 mg P kg−1 (as KH2PO4). Seven of these genotypes (Iron bean, IT87D‐941–1, IT97K‐499–38, DanIla, IT95K‐1543, IT97K‐556–4, and IT90K‐284–2) showed a significantly higher SDW at 8 WAS compared with IT97K‐499–35. In four of the seven good responders, the SDWs at 8 WAS were significantly higher and grain yield tended to be higher with ≥57 mg P kg−1 compared with zero application. Under field conditions, the micro‐dosing technic is recommended for applying RP to avoid loss and to enhance the availability of P for cowpea cultivation.

Nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium requirements for Eucalyptus urograndis plantations in southern Brazil

Although areas planted with eucalyptus have increased under the subtropical conditions of southern Brazil, fertilization has followed practices from nearby tropical regions. The objective of this study was to determine the response of Eucalyptus urograndis to N, P, and K in two regions of Parana State (Jaguariaiva and Ventania) on a sandy oxisol following two harvest cycles of Pinus taeda. Site preparation prior to the new experiment included the application of rock phosphate (26.2 kg ha−1 of P) by in-row subsoiling. Five rates of N and P (0, 13, 26, 52, and 105 kg ha−1) and K (0, 29, 58, 116, and 232 kg ha−1) were separately tested. Treatment response was evaluated by determining maximum technical efficiency, height, and diameter at breast height (DBH) at 3, 6, 9, 12, 18, 24, 30, and 36 months after planting, and volume at 36 months. At all assessments, N additions did not influence growth parameters indicating that N demands were met by organic matter/litter mineralization. Phosphorus enhanced growth until the 18th month, with maximum gains at months 9 and 6 for Jaguariaiva and Ventania (56 and 59% of DBH for the 105 kg ha−1 P rate, respectively). Potassium improved growth only after the 24th month; maximum rate occurred at 166 kg ha−1 of K with a volume of 163 m3 ha−1 at the Jaguariaiva site at 36 months. In conclusion, findings indicated that Eucalyptus urograndis grown in southern Brazil could be responsive to P and K fertilization, but not to the addition of N fertilizer.

Response of Rapeseed (Brassica napus L.) and Phosphorus Fractionation in an Alkaline Soil Amended with Rock Phosphate and Elemental Sulphur

A field experiment was conducted to investigate the response of rapeseed (Brassica napus L.) to application of Syrian rock phosphate (RP) mixed with three rates of elemental sulphur (10, 20 and 50% S) in an alkaline calcareous soil compared to triple superphosphate (TSP). The RP was applied @ 800 mg P kg−1 soil. The transformations of various pools of phosphorus (P) were also studied after the harvest of rapeseed grown for two consecutive seasons. The P fractionation scheme divided calcium phosphate into three types namely, dicalcium phosphates (Ca2-P), octacalcium phosphates (Ca8-P) and apatite (Ca10-P). The results showed that rapeseed plant utilized P from Syrian RP as good as that of TSP in both seasons. Mixing of elemental S with RP showed no effects on dry matter yield in first season, whereas in the second season, all mixing rates of S increased dry matter production significantly. Mixing of RP with S influenced RP dissolution, thereby all inorganic P (Pi) fractions increased. The dominant P fractions in RP and RP+S treatments were Ca10-P, followed by Ca8-P. The opposite was true for TSP treatment. The Ca2-P was the main source of available soil P as it correlates significantly with Olsen-P.

Impact of application of rock phosphate (RP) inoculated with phosphate solubilizing fungi (PSF) as a fertilizer on total nitrogen (TN), total organic carbon (TOC) and microbial count (MC) in clay soil

In this study the effect of four treatments of phosphate fertilizers (NS, RP, SP & RP inoculated with PSF (A. niger & A. fumigatus) using three doses (RD, 1/2 RD&2RD) on TN, OC and MC of Nile delta clay soil and its impact on some growth parameters of phasoleous vulgaris was monitored. The Results indicated that OC content of clay soil was positively affected by the amendment of soil with inoculated RP. Inoculation of RP with A.niger culture increased the OC content of the soil by 4.91%, 18.28%, 14.38% and 19.61% comparing to A.fumigatus, NS, RP and SP respectively. the highest soil organic carbon content obtained when soil was amended with inoculated RP in 1/2RD it increased by 1.02% and 7.232% comparing to the amendment of with RD and 2RD. RP inoculated with A.niger culture clay soil showed the highest TN content when amended with 2RD the presence of phasloeus vulgaris plant it was 19.19%. Different phosphate treatments affected MC in clay soil to reach the highest count when inoculated rock phosphate with the RD as a fertilizer it increased by5.66% & 20.75% case of A.fumigatus & A.niger respectively comparing to NS. The lowest count obtained when SP was used as a fertilizer, it decreased by 26.4% comparing to NS.

Accumulation and Translocation of Heavy Metals in Eggplant (<i>Solanum melongena L.</i>) Grown in a Contaminated Soil

A pot experiment was conducted to investigate the effects of the rock phosphate application on accumulation and translocation of heavy metals from the soil to the roots, shoots and fruits of eggplant (<i>Solanum melongena</i> L.) grown in a sewage sludge amended soil contaminated with Cd, Pb and Ni were 30, 30 and 60 mgkg^-1, respectively. The obtained results demonstrated that the sewage sludge application caused a significance accumulation of metals in the fruits of eggplant. The concentrations of these metals in the fruits were in the order of: Pb > Cd > Ni. The fruits of eggplant were not safe for the human consumption, because the levels of heavy metals exceeded the permissible limits. These, heavy metals in different parts of eggplant can be ranked in the order of: roots > shoots > fruits, were (mgkg^-1). The soil-plant transfer factor (TF) showed that the order of uptake of metals by eggplant was: Cd > Ni > Pb. This calls for concern especially in the case of Pb and Cd which are highly toxic and of no known biological use. Therefore, Eggplant should not be cultivated in the farms and fields which use sewage sludge contaminated with heavy metals as an amendment.

Modification of root properties with phosphate solubilizing bacteria and arbuscular mycorrhiza to reduce rock phosphate application in soybean-wheat cropping system

Inoculation of phosphate solubilizing bacteria (PSB) and phosphorus mobilizing arbuscular mycorrhiza (AM) with low quality rock phosphate (RP) can be an alternative source to one of the costliest phosphatic fertilizers in India, i.e. single superphosphate, by enhancing phosphorus influx and modification of root properties. Co-inoculation of PSB and AM may play a pivotal role to reduce phosphorus application through RP. Root properties and grain yield of irrigated soybean-wheat cropping system were evaluated with two levels of RP {100 and 50% recommended P (1.0 RP and 0.5 RP)} and different combinations of PSB and AM with 0.5 RP (0.5 RP+PSB, 0.5 RP+AM and 0.5 RP+PSB+AM) versus 100% recommended P application through soluble single superphosphate (1.0 SP) in the Indo-Gangetic plains. The P influx under 0.5 RP+PSB+AM and 1.0 SP were statistically at par with each other and the former treatment provided 0.6 and 3.2% higher value than the later in soybean and wheat, respectively. The root surface area density (RSAD) of soybean and wheat under 0.5 RP+PSB+AM (13.71 and 6.16m2m−3, respectively) and 1.0 SP (13.70 and 6.37m2m−3, respectively) were non-significant and almost equal with each other. The values of root cation exchange capacity and other root properties under 0.5 RP+PSB+AM and 1.0 SP were also non-significant. The improved root properties under 0.5 RP+PSB+AM provided statistically at par grain yield with 1.0 SP for both soybean and wheat crops. The yield under 0.5 RP+PSB+AM of soybean crop was 3.4% higher than 1.0 SP. The net returns US$−1 invested was significantly higher under 0.5 RP+PSB+AM compared to 1.0 SP for both soybean and wheat crops. Co-inoculation of PSB and AM with 50% of recommended P through RP could be recommended for better root properties and profitable grain yield of soybean-wheat cropping system in the Indo-Gangetic alluvial plains.

EFFECT OF PERLITE AND MOISTURE CONTENT ON THE AVAILABILITY AND MOVEMENT OF PHOSPHORUS IN CALCAREOUS SOIL CULTIVATED WITH SUDAN GRASS PLANTS

A pot experiment was conducted under greenhouse condition at the Experimental Farm, Faculty of Agriculture, Zagazig University. The experiment aimed to study the effect of two phosphate fertilizers i.e., ordinary super phosphate (OSP) and rock phosphate (RP) combined with or without perlite under different soil moisture levels (80, 65 and 50% of saturation point) on sudan grass (Sorghum vulgare var. sudanense) plant as well as available P behavior through the investigated calcareous soil. Soil samples were taken from the surface layers (0-30 cm) from El-Noubaria Research Station, El-Noubraria District, Egypt. Results showed that the application of various phosphorus source i.e. OSP or RP as individual application or combined with perlite under different soil moisture levels increased fresh weight, dry matter and phosphorus uptake of sudan grass compared to untreated soil. The highest value of each of fresh and dry weight, P-uptake and available P was found in calcareous soil treated with OSP combined with perlite under 80% moisture level, while the lowest ones were obtained with untreated soils under 50% moisture level in absence of perlite. Application of OSP showed greater values of fresh weight, dry matter and P-uptake by sudan grass plants than RP. The promotive effect of different soil moisture levels on available phosphorus after three cuts in the two layers follows the descending order: 80>65> 50% under the application of ordinary super phosphate or rock phosphate in presence of perlite. Treatments under OSP gave higher values of available phosphorus after cutting than those under RP. These increases represented as much as 9.2, 8.8 and 29% after the first, second and third cuts, respectively in the first layer (0-5cm) as well as 10.1, 8.6 and 23.4%, respectively in the second layer (5-10 cm). Available P were higher in the first layer (0-5 cm) than in the second one (5-10 cm) after all cuts under different treatments.

Effect of phosphorus management through rock phosphate application to preceding crops on growth and yield of groundnut under organic condition

Effect of phosphorus management through rock phosphate application to preceding crops on growth and yield of groundnut under organic condition