Application Of Robotic Technology Research Articles

Application of Robotics Technology in Clinical Practice in India

Background: The field of mechanical engineering in association with electronics and computer science concerned with developing robotic devices that can move and react to sensory input. However the implementations and application of robotics in clinical practice was really a question? We planned to study the assessment of awareness, will and work level of medical robotics from medical professionals in clinical practice in India. Study Design: We used self prepared model questioner containing information related to applications, awareness, will etc. of medical professionals for application of medical robotics in clinical practice. The questioner was approved by IJBAMR Forum, Pune, India. The data was collected during June 2012 to January 2013. Such 220 questionnaires were filled and analyzed. Observations and Results: Only 1.36 % professionals observed with professional training. It was also observed that, only 54.54% professionals were known about current aspects about robotics application & knowledge regarding training centers. Conclusion: It is promising fact found in study that 88.63% professionals were very excited and willful for the application of robotics in their practice in future. From our study, it is concluded that there is noted a huge lake of awareness regarding application of medical robotics technology in Indian medical professionals. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/ajms.v5i1.7991 Asian Journal of Medical Science Vol.5(1) 2014 pp.29-33

Stepping into the Future of Bionics [Industrial Activities

The application of robotics technology to physical rehabilitation is in need of a revolution. Many years ago, my thoughts along these lines began during my rehabilitation from knee surgery. While spending a few weeks on crutches, I thought there must be a way to apply robotics technology to mobility and rehabilitation needs. Finally, many years later, when I started working on a product idea, I still had no idea about most of the technology and business challenges that would need to be solved before bringing such a product to the market.

Robotic Surgery in Otolaryngology: Endocrine

Over the last decade, robotic surgery has evolved from a medical curiosity, with anticipated potential to overcome the limitations of surgical endoscopy, to the favored procedure in several surgical specialties such as urology and gynecology. The application of robotic technology in head and neck endocrine surgery has recently expanded. Different approaches have lately been described that are intended to preserve the safety of these operations, while avoiding visible neck scars. This article aims to provide the reader with an overview of the current robotic approaches and their capability to assist surgeons in accomplishing remote-access thyroid and parathyroid surgery.

Robot-based construction automation: An application to steel beam assembly (Part I)

Abstract The construction industry has not traditionally been a favorable field for the application of robotic technologies. However, various motivations such as the shrinking labor population, the aging of skilled workers, and the safety issue of ironworkers have promoted the development of robotic construction systems. In this research, one of those trials, a project entitled “Robot-based construction automation system for high-rise building” is presented. Among diverse construction works, this project focused on a robotic automation of the steel beam assembly. The project is a cooperative effort between a robot research group and a construction automation group in South Korea. The main objective of this paper is to an introduction for the development of a robotic beam assembly system administered by the robot research group. The robotic beam assembly system consists of a robotic bolting device that performs the main function for the beam assembly work and a robotic transport mechanism that transports the robotic bolting device to target bolting positions around a building under construction. This paper presents the specific functions, structures, and mechanisms of the robotic bolting device and accounts for the application of the visual servo control technique to a bolting control system which is a software component. The robotic transport mechanism part is discussed in a companion paper [14] . The real prototype of the proposed system was manufactured and intensive field tests were conducted in a test bed. Moreover, this system was applied to a section of a real building, the Robot Convergence Building of Korea University, South Korea, which has one story below and seven above the ground, and obtained a feasibility of an application of the robotic beam assembly system to actual construction sites. The suggested system is expected to be a promising alternative to ironworkers in the steel beam assembly in terms of safety and time-efficiency.

Robotic transaxillary parathyroidectomy: surgical technique and pearls

With the advances in preoperative localization studies and greater demand for minimally invasive procedures, novel targeted approaches to the parathyroid glands have been described and practiced over the past 2 decades. Despite these various surgical options, no single technique has been established as superior to another. Recently, robotic surgery has evolved from a novel technique with an anticipated potential to overcome the limitations associated with endoscopic techniques, to the preferred surgical procedure in multiple surgical disciplines. Their application in head and neck surgery has gained wide popularity in Asia and recently in European and North American practice. This article reviews the application of robotic technology to further assist surgeons in accomplishing parathyroidectomy.

Medical Robotics

Many research and development projects are being performed worldwide to develop new products and applications for computer-assisted and medical robotic systems. In this paper, an overview of selected state-of-the-art applications of robotic technology in medicine is presented. Four key areas of image-guided surgery, virtual reality in medicine, surgical robots, and robotic rehabilitation systems, are studied. As well, current challenges in research and development are discussed.

The 8th American Urological Association and the Japanese Urological Association International Affiliate Society Meeting

The 8th American Urological Association and the Japanese Urological Association International Affiliate Society Meeting

Use of robotic technology in cam femoroacetabular impingement corrective surgery

Cam type femoroacetabular impingement (FAI) is an anatomical disorder that can lead to osteoarthritis (OA) of the hip joint. With existing surgical options there is invariably a tendency for under-resection or over-resection of the cam lesion, both having dire consequences. This study assessed the application of robotic technology in the surgical management of cam FAI. Three different dry-bone femur models (14 in each) with severe cam deformity underwent corrective surgery using a haptic robot with active constraints. The 'post surgery', models were CT scanned and 3-D alpha angles and head/neck ratios (HNRs) were compared with pre-operative plans. In all models, the robotic resection resulted in a measured reduction of the maximum alpha angle to an angle indicative of no clinical impingement (first model 91° vs 49° ± 3°, second 91° vs 55° ± 5°, and third 87° vs 47° ± 2° P < 0.001). Similarly, the HNRs for all models reduced substantially following resection surgery. This dry bone study validates the use of robotic technology to perform cam FAI corrective surgery. A more accurate bony resection may minimize complications due to over- and under-resection.

Commentary: Is Robotic Thyroid Surgery Worth the Learning Curve?

There are numerous potential applications of robotic technology to head and neck procedures, including thyroidectomy. The learning curve for robotic thyroid surgery appears to be steep, as highlighted in a study published in this issue. This commentary explores the challenges with learning robotic thyroid surgery and questions the potential risks and benefits of increased adoption of this approach.

Research and application of robot technology in surgical auxiliary operation

作为机电一体化的典型产品,机器人在很多领域飞速发展,世界各国已经研制成功了应用于制造业、勘探、娱乐、军事、医疗护理等领域的种类繁多的智能机器人[1].医疗机器人尤其是应用于外科领域的辅助手术机器人已经成为国内外研究热点,使用机器人辅助外科手术将成为一种必然的发展趋势[2]。

Robotic Thyroidectomy via a Transaxillary Approach

Objective: Recently, various robotic surgical procedures have been performed, and most reports have proved that the application of robotic technology for surgery is technically feasible and safe. The feasibility and safety of robotic thyroid surgery was examined via transaxillary single port approach without gas insufflation. Method: The study included 109 consecutive patients with papillary thyroid cancer who underwent robot-assisted endoscopic thyroid surgery using a gasless transaxillary single port approach by a single surgeon (Y.W.K.) between May 2010 and August 2011 at the department of otorhinolaryngology, Yonsei University College of Medicine. Results: The console time for 50 hemithyroidectomy (HT) with ipsilateral central compartment neck dissection (CCND) was 45.67 min, and that of 59 total thyroidectomy (TT) with ipsilateral or bilateral CCND was 93.77 min. The amount of drainage was 194.07 mL, and the duration of drainage was 3.5 days. The hospital stay was 6.09 days. Mean primary tumor size was 6.58 mm. The average number of lymph nodes resected was 3.51 (range, 1-19). Temporary hypoparathyroidism encountered with 24 patients in the TT group (40.7%, 24/59). There were 5 cases of temporary recurrent laryngeal nerve injury and 12 of seromas. One case of temporary brachial plexus injury occurred due to arm positioning. Conclusion: The technique of robotic thyroid surgery using a gasless transaxillary single port approach is a feasible, safe, and effective method for selected patients with thyroid cancer. The authors suggest that application of robotic technology for endoscopic thyroid surgeries could overcome the limitations of conventional endoscopic surgeries in the surgical management of thyroid cancer.

Robots in the laboratory: a review of applications

– This paper aims to provide a review of the applications of robotic technology in laboratories., – Following a short introduction, this paper discusses a range of key applications for laboratory robots and describes a number of products. Some recent research is considered and brief conclusions are drawn., – This shows that robotic laboratory automation offers a number of key economic and operational benefits and is being used in many procedures, ranging from drug discovery and toxicity testing to forensics and environmental monitoring. An intriguing possibility is the creation of new scientific knowledge by combining robotic systems with artificial intelligence., – This paper illustrates the vital role played by robotic automation in laboratory procedures.

Current Status of Laparoendoscopic Single-Site Surgery in Urologic Surgery

Since the introduction of laparoscopic surgery, the promise of lower postoperative morbidity and improved cosmesis has been achieved. Laparoendoscopic single-site surgery (LESS) potentially takes this further. Following the first human urological LESS report in 2007, numerous case series have emerged, as well as comparative studies comparing LESS with standard laparoscopy. However, comparative series between conventional laparoscopy and LESS for different procedures suggest a non-inferiority of LESS over standard laparoscopy, but the only objective benefit remains an improved cosmetic outcome. Challenging ergonomics, instrument clashing, lack of true triangulation, and in-line vision are the main concerns with LESS surgery. Various new instruments have been designed, but only experienced laparoscopists and well-selected patients are pivotal for a successful LESS procedure. Robotic-assisted LESS procedures have been performed. The available robotic platform remains bulky, but development of instrumentation and application of robotic technology are expected to define the actual role of these techniques in minimally invasive urologic surgery.

Application of Robot to Tooth-arrangement and Dental Implantology

Application of robot to tooth-arrangement and dental implantology is a novel application of robot technology in medical field.This kind of robots can realize the dental implantology and the arrangement of complete denture and partial denture.In this paper,research status of the application of robot to tooth-arrangement and dental implantology is reviewed,the main problems in its development are analyzed,the key technologies are summarized,the development trend is foreseen,and the future research is discussed.

Robotic Head and Neck Surgery: Lessons Learned and Future Opportunities

Program Description: Robotic technology has penetrated most surgical disciplines in the past 5 years, and has now been embraced for a number of head and neck applications including transoral resection of aerodigestive tumors and thyroidectomy. Undoubtedly, further expansion of robotic procedures can be anticipated, and it is prudent to learn from challenges encountered during the development process. Experts in the field of robotic surgery will describe the development of this technology as it relates to specific procedures, and the following questions will be addressed by each discussant: 1) What was the compelling motivation to explore robotic application to the specific procedure? 2) What were the principal challenges encountered in refining and exporting the techniques learned? 3) If you had to do it over again, what would you have done differently in either development, training, or early application of the technique? 4) How do the costs compare with the patient benefit? The topics that will be addressed are transoral resection of supraglottic and oropharyngeal tumors, transoral surgery for benign conditions, remote access thyroidectomy, and novel applications under development (including neck dissection and skull base surgery). This will be an interactive session and audience participation will be actively encouraged. The difficult questions regarding this new technology will be asked, including cost-benefit ratios and responsible implementation among general practices. Educational Objectives: 1) Recognize the transoral application of robotic technology for benign and malignant supraglottic and oropharyngeal conditions. 2) Understand the current state-of-the-art robotic approach to remote access thyroidectomy. 3) Become familiar with novel applications under development (including neck dissection and skull base surgery).

Excellence in Robotic Thyroid Surgery

To confirm the merits of robotic thyroid surgery by comparing the surgical outcomes of robotic-assisted and conventional endoscopic thyroidectomy in papillary thyroid microcarcinoma (PTMC) patients. Robot-assisted surgical techniques are widely utilized, and substantially, overcome the limitations of conventional endoscopic surgery. Furthermore, recently, robotic procedures were introduced to the thyroidectomy field. From November 2001 to July 2009, 1150 patients with PTMC underwent endoscopic thyroidectomy using a gasless, trans-axillary approach. Of these patients, 580 underwent a robotic procedure (the robotic group; RG) and 570 a conventional endoscopic procedure (the conventional endoscopic group; EG). These 2 groups were retrospectively compared in terms of their clinicopathologic characteristics, early surgical outcomes, and surgical completeness. Total thyroidectomy was performed more frequently in the RG. Although mean operation times were not statistically different, the mean number of central nodes retrieved was greater in the RG than in the EG. Mean tumor size were not significantly different in the 2 groups, but the RG showed more frequent central node metastasis and capsular invasion. Tumor and nodal statuses in the RG were more advanced than in the EG. Regarding postoperative complications, transient hypocalcemia was more frequent in the RG, but other complication frequencies were not significantly different in the 2 groups. Postoperative serum thyroglobulin levels were similar in 2 groups, and short-term follow-up (1 year) revealed no recurrence by sonography and no abnormal uptake during radioactive iodine therapy in either group. The application of robotic technology to endoscopic thyroidectomy could overcome the limitations of conventional endoscopic surgery during the surgical management of PTMC.

Design of Motion Trajectory and External Force on Foot Based on Musculo-Skeletal Model in Robot-Assisted Lower Limb Rehabilitation

Many methods for physical medicine and rehabilitation strategies have been developed for physically disabled people. Most of them have been determined by physical therapists based on anatomical and physiological assessment of the subject. With application of robot technology which allows smooth achievement of complex trajectories, and with loading or assisting designated muscles in an accurate manner, a better rehabilitation strategy can be developed. In this paper, we propose a new method to design the motion trajectory of lower limbs and the applied forces acting on the foot. In order to improve the rehabilitation effect in full consideration of biomechanical stability of the trajectory and musculo-skeletal model of each subject, we have applied genetic algorithm to search the parameters of spline curves for the trajectory and the applied force acting on subject's foot. The usefulness of the proposed method is confirmed through simulation results and the comparison with a conventional training trajectory.

Robotic natural orifice translumenal endoscopic surgery and laparoendoscopic single-site surgery: current status

To analyse the evidence supporting current and future application of robotic technology in natural orifice translumenal endoscopic surgery (NOTES) and laparoendoscopic single-site surgery (LESS). Early clinical experience with the application of currently available da Vinci robotic system to LESS has been encouraging, as some of the constraints encountered during conventional LESS can be overcome. Robotic devices that are currently being developed for NOTES and LESS focus on improving either tissue manipulation capabilities for externally actuated robotic and flexible endoscopy systems or visualization for robots that are inserted completely into the peritoneal cavity. Robotic technology is rapidly evolving and is expected to drive several aspects of minimally invasive surgery forward in the near future with the ultimate goal of minimizing complications and improving outcomes.

Upper Limb Flexion Assistance Based on Minimum-Jerk Trajectory Using Wearable Motion-Assist Robot

AbstractIn this paper, we propose a robotic system to assist patients who have upper limb dysfunction in performing reaching movements through flexion. Since upper-limb motion is more strongly needed than lower limb mobility for near work, a patient's level of recovery of upper-limb function influences daily life. Recently, with the widespread application of robotic technology in rehabilitation medicine, it is often noted that moving actively is more important than moving passively to enable rapid recovery. Human reaching movement is known to conform to the standard minimum-jerk, which is characterized by a bell-shaped velocity waveform with a single peak. Patients with dysfunction move their extremities if they are capable of controlling the motor movement of their upper limb, but are assisted by the robot when they cannot do so. The range of movement is estimated from the motor control based on minimum-jerk criterion.

Application of robotic technology in biomechanics to study joint laxity

Primary objective: To evaluate whether in vitro joint testing using a robot with six degrees of freedom is useful for evaluating changes in joint laxity as a result of chronic osteoarthritis (OA).Research design: Repeated measures.Methods: Broyden's method of solving nonlinear systems of equations drove a hybrid method of load and position robotic control. Sheep stifles (knee joints) were loaded between 3 Nm of internal load through to 3 Nm of external load in 1 Nm increments. Kinematic and morphologic data from five healthy ovine stifles were compared to the chronic OA effects in four surgically destabilized stifles.Results: Stifles with chronic OA showed increases in stiffness while range of motion decreased. Gross morphologic changes included osteophytes and cartilage fibrillation.Discussion: Robotic testing proved useful for evaluating changes in joint mechanics as a result of chronic OA. We observed morphological changes and associated increases in joint stiffness and decreased laxity.