Application Of PS Research Articles

Many children, many blessings: Reinterpreting Psalm 127:5 in the Nigerian context

The idea of “many children, many blessings” in Ps 127:5 resonates with African traditional belief systems. However, in contemporary Nigeria, modernisation has introduced inescapable variables that make large families undesirable. In spite of this, many Nigerians still produce many children, apparently relying on the traditional belief that God determines one’s number of children, and possibly also on Ps 127:5. Applying the historical-critical and descriptive methods, the article assessed the relevance of Ps 127:5 in contemporary Nigeria and found that the text reflects the ancient Israelite context wherein parents depended on the number of their children in socio-economic terms, a situation which also resonates with the premodern African context. The modern Nigerian context, however, brought about changes in the pattern of parent-child interdependence such that now even peasant parents have to send their children to school and do all the manual work alone. In view of the high rate of unemployment, even many university graduates still have to depend on their parents. With this transition, large families come with implications such as hunger, poor health, and inadequate or lack of Western education for the children. Moreover, raising large families now has to contend with global issues such as overpopulation and family planning. To this end, a pastoral application of Ps 127:5 in Nigeria now has to respond to issues that come with large families.

Hyperaccumulator extracts promoting the phytoremediation of rare earth elements (REEs) by Phytolacca americana: Role of active microbial community in rhizosphere hotspots

The increased usage of rare earth elements (REEs) leads to the extensive exploitation of rare earth mines, and the REEs pollution in soil caused by the legacy mine tailings has brought great harm to environment and human health. Although Phytolacca americana can remove REEs from contaminated soil to some extent, there is still an urgent problem to improve its efficiency. Hyperaccumulator extract is a new organic material with potential in metal phytoextraction, but its role in REEs phytoremediation and the related underlying processes remain unclear. In this study, hyperaccumulator extracts from P. americana root (PR), stem (PS), leaf (PL) and EDTA were used to improve the phytoremediation efficiency of REEs with P. americana. Soil zymography was applied to assess the enzyme hotspots’ spatial distribution in the rhizosphere, and the hotspots' microbial communities were also identified. The results indicated that the application of hyperaccumulator extracts improved the biomass and REEs uptake of P. americana, and the highest REEs content in plant was observed in the treatment of PS, which increased 299% compared to that of the control. Hotspots area of β-glucosidase, leucine aminopeptidase and acid phosphatase were concentrated in the pant rhizosphere along the roots and increased 2.2, 5.3 and 2.2 times after PS application compared to unamended soils. The PS application increased the relative abundance of Proteobacteria, Cyanobacteria, Bacteroidota and Firmicutes phyla in rhizosphere. Soil fungi have a higher contribution on promoting REEs activation than that of bacteria. Available P and extractable REEs were leading predictors for the plant biomass and REEs concentrations. The co-occurrence network showed that the application of PS creates a more efficient and stable microbial network compared to other treatments. In conclusion, stem-derived hyperaccumulator extract is excellent in stimulating REEs phytoremediation with P. americana by improving hotspots microbial activities and form a healthy rhizosphere microenvironment.

P‐13.7: Self‐alignment PS process and application in liquid crystal displays to achieve ultra high aperture ratio

P‐13.7: Self‐alignment PS process and application in liquid crystal displays to achieve ultra high aperture ratio

Effect of Form of Silicon and the Timing of a Single Foliar Application on Sugar Beet Yield

The aim of the study was the evaluation of silicon foliar application on sugar beet yield. In the years 2017–2019, the effect of a single foliar application of various forms of silicon (potassium silicate—PS, calcium silicate—CS, sodium metasilicate—SM, and orthosilicic stabilized acid—OSA) applied in the six-leaf phase of sugar beet, 7 and 14 days later on yield and technological quality of sugar beet roots was assessed. It was found that the form of silicon does not have a significant effect on the yield of sugar beet roots, and significantly modifies the biological yield of sugar and the pure sugar yield. The highest biological yield of sugar is achieved by the foliar application of PS, and the pure sugar yield by PS and OSA. The date of foliar application as well as the interaction of the date of application and silicon forms do not have a significant effect on the root yield, biological yield of sugar, and pure sugar yield. The form of silicon has a significant effect on the technological quality of sugar beet roots (sugar, α-amino nitrogen, potassium, and sodium content). The most beneficial effect on the sugar content and reduction of sodium content in sugar beet roots is the foliar application of OSA, and the reduction of α-amino nitrogen and potassium content—PS. The timing of the application of various forms of silicon has a significant effect on the sugar and potassium content in sugar beet roots. The most beneficial effect on the sugar content in the roots is the application carried out 7 days after the six-leaf phase of sugar beet, and the potassium content is most limited by the treatment 14 days after reaching this phase. The interaction of the timing of foliar application and the form of silicon significantly modifies the technological quality features of sugar beet roots: the content of sugar, α-amino nitrogen, potassium, and sodium. The results of the study proved the significant effect of silicon foliar application on the physiological parameters of plants, such as leaf area index (LAI), absorption of photosynthetically active radiation (PAR) and normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) which are related to yield and sugar beet productivity.

Parasagittal Interlaminar and Transforaminal Epidural Steroid Injections for Radicular Low Back Pain; Which is More Comfortable?

This study aimed to compare parasagittal interlaminar (PS) and transforaminal (TF) epidural steroid injections for unilateral L5 and S1 radicular lower back pain in terms of patient comfort, efficacy, safety, contrast enhancement, and radiation exposure. This was a prospective randomized single-blind study. A total of 59 participants were included in this study. The visual analog scale (VAS) and Oswestry Disability Index (ODI) were obtained. A comfort questionnaire was administered to all participants. The total fluoroscopy time and contrast distribution levels were recorded. Pre- and post-treatment VAS scores were similar between the groups. The ODI scores increased in favor of the PS group at week 2 (P < 0.041); however, there was no difference between the two groups at other times. The VAS and ODI scores improved significantly with treatment in both the groups (P < 0.001). Total fluoroscopy time was shorter in the PS group (P < 0.001). PS application was more comfortable (P < 0.001). While no complications were observed in the PS group, three complications occurred in the TF group. Anterior epidural contrast spread to three or more levels was observed in 57% of the participants in the PS group, whereas no spread to more than two levels was observed in the TF group. The PS epidural approach is superior to the TF approach in terms of a low incidence of side effects, less radiation exposure, better patient comfort, higher epidural contrast spread, and single-level needle access.

Oxidation inhibition of gallium–indium liquid metal particles in carbonated water under ultrasonic irradiation

The development of eutectic Ga–In alloy liquid-metal particles (EGaIn LM Ps) represents a significant advancement in the field of materials science because of their low melting points and desirable properties, including thermal and electrical conductivity, conformability, and biocompatibility. However, the traditional technique for synthesizing EGaIn LM Ps via ultrasonication in aqueous media results in notable surface oxidation, which can degrade their properties, such as stability, size uniformity, flexibility, and conductivity, and consequently, restrict their potential uses. This paper presents a novel ultrasonication-based fabrication method for EGaIn LM Ps in carbonated water to reduce their oxidation. Smaller particles that exhibited notably lower oxide formation were generated without stabilizing polymers or surfactant chemicals, even in water-based surroundings. Moreover, the oxidation inhibition mechanisms of carbonated ions as scavengers of •OH radicals during ultrasonication were revealed, highlighting the promising applications of EGaIn LM Ps in aqueous media.

Inactivation of dried cells and biofilms of Listeria monocytogenes by exposure to blue light at different wavelengths and the influence of surface materials.

Antimicrobial blue light (aBL) in the 400-470 nm wavelength range has been reported to kill multiple bacteria. This study assessed its potential for mitigating an important foodborne pathogen, Listeria monocytogenes (Lm), focusing on surface decontamination. Three wavelengths were tested, with gallic acid as a photosensitizing agent (Ps), against dried cells obtained from bacterial suspensions, and biofilms on stainless-steel (SS) coupons. Following aBL exposure, standard microbiological analysis of inoculated coupons was conducted to measure viability. Statistical analysis of variance was performed. Confocal laser scanning microscopy was used to observe the biofilm structures. Within 16 h of exposure at 405 nm, viable Lm dried cells and biofilms were reduced by approx. 3 log CFU/cm2 with doses of 2,672 J/cm2. Application of Ps resulted in an additional 1 log CFU/cm2 at 668 J/cm2, but its effect was not consistent. The highest dose (960 J/cm2) at 420 nm reduced viable counts on the biofilms by 1.9 log CFU/cm2. At 460 nm, after 800 J/cm2, biofilm counts were reduced by 1.6 log CFU/cm2. The effect of material composition on Lm viability was also investigated. Irradiation at 405 nm (668 J/cm2) of cells dried on polystyrene resulted in one of the largest viability reductions (4.0 log CFU/cm2), followed by high-density polyethylene (3.5 log CFU/cm2). Increasing the dose to 4,008 J/cm2 from 405 nm (24 h), improved its efficacy only on SS and polyvinyl chloride. Biofilm micrographs displayed a decrease in biofilm biomass due to the removal of biofilm portions from the surface and a shift from live to dead cells suggesting damage to biofilm cell membranes. These results suggest that aBL is a potential intervention to treat Lm contamination on typical material surfaces used in food production. IMPORTANCE Current cleaning and sanitation programs are often not capable of controlling pathogen biofilms on equipment surfaces, which transmit the bacteria to ready-to-eat foods. The presence of native plant microbiota and organic matter can protect pathogenic bacteria by reducing the efficacy of sanitizers as well as promoting biofilm formation. Post-operation washing and sanitizing of produce contact surfaces might not be adequate in eliminating the presence of pathogens and commensal bacteria. The use of a dynamic and harmless light technology during downtime and close of operation could serve as a useful tool in preventing biofilm formation and persistence. Antimicrobial blue light (aBL) technology has been explored for hospital disinfection with very promising results, but its application to control foodborne pathogens remains relatively limited. The use of aBL could be a complementary strategy to inactivate surfaces in restaurant or supermarket deli settings.

The use of an algal bioindicator in the assessment of different chemical remediation strategies for PAH-contaminated soils and sediments

Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) are ubiquitous petroleum-derived pollutants that tend to accumulate in soils and sediments. Among the in situ chemical oxidation technologies applied at PAH-contaminated sites are Fenton reagent (FN), persulfate ion (PS) and permanganate ion (PM). The natural phytoplankton of an aquatic environment is useful as a biological indicator of the treatment efficacy of pollutant degradation. The objective of this work was to assess the use of an algal species, native from Los Barreales Reservoir (Argentina), as an efficacy indicator of the chemical remediation of PAH-contaminated soils and sediments. Oxidations with FN, PS or PM were carried out on soils and sediments previously contaminated with two types of PAHs (phenanthrene (Ph) or Benzo(a)anthracene (Ba)), analysing pH, residual oxidant, PAH degradation and heterotrophic bacteria abundance in soils or sediments after 7 days. Then, a bioassay was carried out by incubating the obtained soils or sediments, and the native alga Scenedesmus quadricauda (Turpin, Brébisson), analysing its abundance after 7 days. S. quadricauda abundance was related to PAH degradation efficacy, residual oxidants and changes in system pH. In this sense, the application of PS produced the lowest growth of the indicator in assays both with soils and sediments. Fenton reaction results varied depending on the contaminating PAH, with the best percentages of PAH degradation and growth of S. quadricauda for Ba. PM oxidation resulted in the best development of the indicator. This study constitutes a first approach to the use of S. quadricauda as an efficiency indicator of soil/sediment chemical remediation.

Application of zymetin and super PS probiotics in hatchery, nursery, and grow‐out phases of Macrobrachium rosenbergii and their impact on culture environment, production, and economics

AbstractThis study evaluated the effect of two commercial probiotics, zymetin, and super PS, on the culture environment, production, and economics of Macrobrachium rosenbergii aquaculture. The experiment was conducted using three treatments, including T1, probiotics applied in all culture phases; T2, during grow‐out; and a control (C). Prawns were fed commercial pelleted diets. Earthen ponds were used at a stocking density of two juveniles/m2. Water concentrations of non‐ionized ammonia and nitrite‐nitrogen were significantly lower (p &lt; 0.05) in T1 than in T2 and C. Probiotic application significantly (p &lt; 0.05) reduced phosphate content and balanced soil pH. Growth performance, condition factor, survival, protein utilization, and production were significantly higher in T1 followed by T2 compared to C by the end of grow‐out. Application of zymetin and super PS in all culture phases significantly (p &lt; 0.05) reduced the feed conversion ratio in T1 compared to T2 and C. Positive allometric growth was observed in T1, whereas growth was isometric in C and T2. Probiotic treatment during all culture phases achieved the highest net returns to land, family labor, and management. Application of probiotics during the entire culture cycle could be the best practice for improving production and economics in M. rosenbergii aquaculture.

Responses of individual and combined polystyrene and polymethyl methacrylate nanoplastics on hormonal content, fluorescence/photochemistry of chlorophylls and ROS scavenging capacity in Lemna minor under arsenic-induced oxidative stress

Nanoplastics alter the adverse impacts of hazardous contaminants such as heavy metals by changing their adsorption and accumulation. Few findings are available on the interaction between nanoplastic and heavy metals in plants. However, there is no report on the mechanisms for removing metal stress-mediated oxidative damage by the combination treatments of nanoplastics. To address this lack of information, polystyrene nanoplastic (PS, 100 mg L-1) and polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA, 100 mg L-1) were hydroponically applied to Lemna minor exposed to arsenate (As, 100 μM) for 7 days. PS or PMMA caused a reduction in the contents of N, P, K, Ca, Mg and Mn, but the improved contents were detected in the presence of PS or PMMA plus As stress. The hormone contents (auxin, gibberellic acid, cytokinin, salicylic acid and jasmonic acid) reduced by stress were re-arranged through PS or PMMA applications. Based on chlorophyll efficiency, fluorescence kinetics and performance of PSII, the impaired photosynthesis by As stress was improved via PS or PMMA applications. This alleviation did not continue under the combined form of PS and PMMA in As-applied plants. All analyzed antioxidant activity (superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), peroxidase (POX), ascorbate peroxidase (APX), glutathione reductase (GR), glutathione S-transferase (GST), glutathione peroxidase (GPX), monodehydroascorbate reductase (MDHAR) and dehydroascorbate reductase (DHAR)) decreased or unchanged under As, PS or PMMA. Due to the inactivation of the defense system, L. minor had high levels of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) and thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS), showing lipid peroxidation. After As toxicity, induvial applications of PS or PMMA indicated the activated enzyme capacity (SOD, POX, GST and GPX) and upregulated AsA/DHA, GSH/GSSG and redox state of GSH, which facilitated the removal of radical accumulation. The efficiency of the antioxidant system in As + PS + PMMA-applied L. minor was not enough to remove damage induced by As stress; hereby, TBARS and H2O2 contents were similar to the As-treated group. Our findings from alone or combined application of PS and PMMA provide new information to advance the tolerance mechanism against As exposure in L. minor.

Enhancement of rapid hydrolysis and humification of food waste slurry by synergistically incorporating forward UV365 and persulfate

This study investigates the use of UV365 irradiation to activate sodium persulfate (PS, 1–8%) for rapid hydrolyzation and humification of food waste (FW) slurry. Physicochemical characterizations show that the hydrolysis yield reaches a maximum value (745.06 g SCOD/kg TVSadded) following UV365/4% PS application for 120 hr. Fluorescence excitation–emission matrix spectroscopy combined with parallel factor analysis indicates that FW fluorescent molecules decompose into humus-like and tryptophan-like substances, with high PS dosages (4–8%) promoting the formation of the former, as confirmed by scanning electron microscopy, gel permeation chromatography, and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. Our proposed mechanism involves nonselective attack by SO4•− on various FW components, leading to rapid (<12 hr) hydrolysis of the FW macromolecules to soluble small molecules (e.g., glucose, amino acids). The SO4•− radicals are then gradually consumed, and the weakly oxidizing environment catalyzes the recombination of the hydrolyzed small molecules to form humus-like substances. Our proposed method could provide valuable new insights for FW management.

Transfersomal eosin topical delivery assisted by fractional CO2 laser for photodynamic treatment of palmar hyperhidrosis: case study

Hyperhidrosis is a condition in which the cholinergic receptors on the eccrine glands are overstimulated, resulting in excessive sweating. It is considered a serious cosmetic and psychological problem that affects the patient’s quality of life. Searching for novel treatment modalities is required to minimize the side effects and to attain better patient satisfaction.Photodynamic therapy (PDT), using eosin as a photosensitizer, is developed as a promising modality of the treatment of palmar and axillary hyperhidrosis. In this study, we treated six cases suffering palmar hyperhidrosis by applying the fractional CO2 laser prior to PDT session. For PDT, a hydrogel of eosin loaded in a transfersomes as a nano-delivery carrier was applied for 5 min, followed by irradiation by intense pulsed light (IPL). The prepared transfersomes loaded by eosin were spherical in shape with encapsulation efficiency of 33 ± 3.5%, particle size 305.5 ± 5.7 nm, average zeta potential of − 54 ± 7.6 mV with 80 ± 4% of the loaded eosin was released after 3 h. Two cases achieved 90% improvement after four sessions, three patients needed six sessions to show 75% improvement, while one patient showed only 25% improvement after six sessions. This resulted in shortening the time of PS application and decreasing the number of sessions required to achieve acceptable improvement. More clinical studies on large number of patients are required to optimize the results.Graphical abstract

Recepcia Žalmu 110 v Liste Hebrejom

This article focuses on the reception of Psalm 110 in ch. 5 of Hebrews. It begins by briefly introducing the general usage and method of identifying OT-quotes, with a brief statistical overview of them in this NT-writing. It then discusses this royal psalm , which is the pillar of Christology throughout the NT, and its application in the Epistle. He discusses the Aaronic and Melchizedek priesthoods. The focus of the present study is the function of Ps 110:4 and its incorporation with the exegesis in ch. 5. It compares the accounts of the human high priest and Christ, analyzing Hebr 5:1-10 in detail. He also suggests other places of application of Ps 110 and the related Ps 2 in the Epistle.

Induced assembly of polystyrene composites for simultaneously improving flame retardant and electromagnetic shielding properties

AbstractPolystyrene/silicon wrapped ammonium polyphosphate/reduced graphene oxide (PS/SiAPP/rGO) composites with satisfactory flame retardant and electromagnetic interference (EMI) shielding properties were prepared by the approaches of filtration induced assembly and hot‐pressing. The results indicated that the SiAPP and rGO exhibited good dispersivity in the PS matrix. The introduction of the SiAPP and rGO promoted the thermal and fire‐safe performances of PS composites. Moreover, the peak of heat release rate and total heat release of the PS containing 10 wt% SiAPP and 10 wt% rGO were reduced by 47.2% and 30.3%, respectively. Meanwhile, the EMI shielding performance could reach 10 dB. It was proposed that that the SiAPP and rGO promoted the formation of more continuous and compact char residues besides the capture of free radicals, that is, •H and •OH which improved the flame retardant performance of PS. In addition, the multiple reflect and adsorption contributed to enhanced EMI shielding property. Therefore, the assembled PS/SiAPP/rGO system will offer a new approach to broaden the application of PS.

Immobilization of As and Sb by combined applications Fe–Mn oxides with organic amendments and alleviation their uptake by Brassica campestris L

Pot experiments were performed to investigate the efficiency of Fe–Mn oxides (FM) combined with two organic amendments, silkworm excrement organic amendment (FM-SE) and peat soil (FM-PS), in immobilizing antimony (Sb) and arsenic (As) in soils and thus reducing metalloids uptake by Brassica campestris L. The available As was significantly decreased by 87% and 70% and Sb was decreased by 51% and 29% in FM-SE and FM-PS amended soil, respectively. Sequential extraction analysis demonstrated that non-specifically and specifically sorbed Sb and As were transformed into well-crystallized hydrous oxides fraction, decreasing their mobility effectively, after addition of FM-SE and FM-PS. FTIR and XPS analysis showed that FM has surface hydroxyl groups (-OH) in large quantities, forming As/Sb–O complex by surface complexation to retain As and Sb. The amendments improved soil pH, nutrients and organic matter content, appreciably inhibited As and Sb uptake by Brassica campestris L. The content of As in leaves decreased from 0.61 mg/kg (control) to 0.07 mg/kg (FM-SE) and 0.09 mg/kg (FM-PS), lower than the Chinese National Food Safety Standard limit of 0.2 mg/kg (GB2762-2017). The bioavailability of As was found to be higher than Sb, which could be more easily transferred and accumulated by plants in exposed contaminated soil. The combined applications of SE and PS with FM shed light on simultaneously immobilizing As and Sb in soils and further inhibiting their uptake by plants.

Catalytic activation of persulphate with Mn3O4 nanoparticles for degradation of acid blue 113: process optimisation and degradation pathway

ABSTRACT The performance of the persulphate/Mn3O4 nanoparticles (PS/Mn3O4) oxidation process was investigated for the degradation of acid blue 113 (AB113) azo dye. XRD, N2 adsorption-desorption analysis, FE-SEM and EDX confirmed the successful synthesis of Mn3O4 nanoparticles. The effect of three independent variables including PS concentration, Mn3O4 dosage and solution pH on the system response was optimised by genetic algorithm (GA) and central composite design (CCD) techniques. The results of ANOVA and fit statistics (P-value < 0.0001, = 0.9772) showed that the proposed quadratic model can predict the AB113 removal efficiency with high confidence. The optimum points for PS concentration, Mn3O4 dosage and solution pH were predicted to be 61.46 mg/L, 57.69 and 3.00, respectively, by CCD method. Under these conditions, after 60 min of reaction, the maximum experimental removal efficiency of AB113 in the PS/Mn3O4 oxidation system and separate application of PS and Mn3O4 were obtained 96.70%, 18.0% and 7.0%, respectively. The pseudo-first-order rate constants of AB113 degradation the PS/Mn3O4 oxidation system and separate application of PS and Mn3O4 were 0.0597, 0.0029 and 0.0015 min−1, respectively. In this way, the synergistic effect for degradation of AB113 in the PS/Mn3O4 was determined 92.6%. Oxalic acid, naphthalen-1-ol and acetic acid were the major identified intermediates due to AB113 degradation.

Insights into nonylphenol degradation by UV-activated persulfate and persulfate/hydrogen peroxide systems in aqueous matrices: a comparative study.

Nonylphenol ethoxylates are widely used industrial surfactants. Once released into environment compartments, these chemicals undergo degradation and generate more toxic short chain artificial compound nonylphenol (NP). The latter is a known endocrine disrupting compound and persistent micropollutant. In the present study, the performance of NP degradation in UV-induced PS, PS/Fe2+, PS/H2O2, and PS/H2O2/Fe2+ systems was examined. The effect of concentration of oxidant and activators on the efficiency of target compound decomposition was studied. The trials were conducted in ultrapure water and groundwater to assess the influence of matrix composition. The obtained results indicated that NP degradation by all the systems studied followed a pseudo-first-order kinetics. The application of UV-activated PS at lower concentrations of the oxidant improved NP oxidation in both water matrices. The addition of iron activator at a cost-effective concentration showed slight improvement in the studied PS-based systems. The application of UV-induced dual oxidant PS/H2O2 system demonstrated promising results in NP oxidation. In turn, the addition of Fe2+ to the UV/PS/H2O2 system accelerated the target compound oxidation at an optimized dose of iron activator. The radicals scavenging studies indicated that HO• was the predominant radical in all UV-induced PS-based systems. The results of this research could provide significant information for the removal of NP from different water matrices by means of UV-induced persulfate-based oxidation processes.

A Single Microscopic State to Characterize Ordering Tendency in Discrete Multicomponent Systems

Our recent study reveals that macroscopic structure in thermodynamically equilibrium state and its temperature dependence for classical discrete system can be well-characterized by a single specially-selected microscopic state (which we call projection state: PS), whose structure can be known a priori without any information about energy or temperature. Although PS can be universally constructed for any number of components R, practical application of PS to systems with R >= 3 is non-trivial compared with R = 2 (i.e., binary system). This is because (i) essentially, multicomponent system should inevitably requires linear transformation from conventional basis functions to intuitively-interpreted cluster probability basis, i.e., multiple PS energies are required to predict one chosen pair probability, leading to practically accumulating numerical errors, and (ii) additionally, explicit formula for the transformation from basis functions to pair probabilities should be required, which has been explicitly provided up to ternary (R = 3) system so far. We here derive modified formulation to directly determine probability for likeand unlike-atom pair consisting of any chosen elements by using a single PS energy, with providing explicit relationship between basis functions and pair probabilities up to quinary (R = 5) systems. We demonstrate the validity of the formulation by comparing temperature dependence of pair probabilities for multicomponent systems from thermodynamic simulations.

The Integrated Levels Impacts of Farmyard Manure with Phosphorus Fertilizers and Irrigation on Soil Properties and Wheat Productivity under Saline Soils in North Delta, Egypt

To study the effect of Farmyard manure with or without phosphorus fertilization and irrigation deficit under salt affected soils on yield and yield components of wheat (Triticum aestivum L) and some soil properties as well as productivity of irrigation water (PIW) and economic return an experiment was conducted at North Nile Delta area for two winter seasons (2016/17 and 2017/18). A split-plot complete randomized plot design with three replicates was used. Two irrigation levels, Ifull (50 % moisture depletion) and Id (70 % moisture depletion) occupied the main plots. Farmyard manure (FYM) and two P sources (super phosphate, Ps, and ammonium phosphate, Pa) were applied to the sub-main plots. The results can be summarized as follows:FYM improved wheat productivity. So, FYM increased the grain yield and straw yield by 40.85 and 14.54, %, respectively over the control.The grain yield was increased by 13.25 and 15.90 %, while the increases in the straw yield were 5.19 and 1.71 % in plots received Ps or Pa, respectively. P fertilization combined with FYM was more effective on wheat productivity. Therefore, the application of Ps+ FYM increased the grain and straw yields, by 56.50 and 17.92%, respectively, also the corresponding increases with Pa+FYM were 56.37 and 14.17%, respectively over the control. Irrigation deficit (Id) adversely affected the wheat productivity. Id decreased the grain yield and straw yield, by 11.75 and 5.30 %, respectively compared to Ifull.FYM application with or without P fertilizers were more pronounced relative to P fertilizers individual or untreated soils in reducing the salinity and sodicity of the soil. Data showed 15.62 and 14.26% decreases in ECe for Ps+FYM and Pa+FYM, respectively than untreated soils. The corresponding values of SAR were 8.45 and 8.06%, respectively.Irrigation at 50% soil moisture depletion resulted in decreased ECe (9.70%) and SARe (7.39 %) than irrigation at 70% depletion. The application of FYM with or without P fertilizers resulted in enhancing the HC, AW, SP and buke density comparing to P fertilizers alone or untreated soils especially with the irrigated at 50% soil moisture depletion. FYM application with or without P fertilizers in heavy clay salt affected soils were more pronounced in enhancing PIW and increasing net return and economic efficiency relative to P fertilizers alone or untreated soils especially when irrigated at 50%soil moisture depletion.The maximum net return and economic efficiency for wheat yields were achieved from Ps +FAY under full water requirements.

Highly efficient removal of ceftiofur sodium using a superior hydroxyl group functionalized ionic liquid-modified polymer

The occurrence of cephalosporin antibiotics in water resources has caused increasing concerns about their potential effects on ecosystem and human health. However, reports on the efficient removal of these antibiotics are limited. In this work, a superior hydroxyl-functionalized ionic liquid based polymer (PS-[Hemim][Cl]) was prepared for highly efficient removal of ceftiofur sodium (CFS) antibiotic from aqueous solutions, and the effect of various factors on the adsorption was investigated. It was found that the PS-[Hemim][Cl] exhibited a super-high adsorption capacity of 1260.5 mg/g for CFS within 60 min and kept high removal efficiency in a wide range of antibiotic concentrations from 5 ppb level to 1000 mg/L. Even the concentration of common inorganic ions was 1000 times higher than that of CFS, the adsorption efficiency remained above 93%. At the same time, the PS-[Hemim][Cl] showed excellent adsorption performance for the antibiotics with similar structure to CFS. Compared with commercially available adsorbents, the adsorption capacity of PS-[Hemim][Cl] for CFS was 4–468 times higher under the same experimental conditions. The application of PS-[Hemim][Cl] to real wastewater containing different concentrations of CFS was investigated and promising results were reported. Additionally, preliminary mechanism studies suggested that electrostatic attraction, hydrogen bond and ion exchange synergistically contributed to the highly efficient adsorption of CFS.