Application Of Preventive Measures Research Articles

Attitudes of clients of Dutch pest controllers towards integrated pest management (IPM) and preventive measures in relation to rodent nuisance.

Rodent management with lethal methods (e.g., rodenticides) comes with downsides for rodent welfare, the environment and non-target species. To reduce chemical use and prevent rodent nuisance, pest controllers in the Netherlands must work according to the principles of integrated pest management (IPM). A condition for the success of IPM is that there is sufficient engagement of all parties involved, including clients of pest controllers. The aim of this study was to gain insight into the attitudes of clients regarding rodent control, IPM and the application of preventive measures. Insight into their attitudes may contribute to a better implementation of IPM and with that to a more sustainable rodent management based on more effective prevention. An online survey among 248 clients of Dutch pest controllers from both the agricultural and other sectors was carried out. Respondents from the agricultural sector had a relatively negative attitude towards IPM, the new IPM regulations in the Netherlands and had little confidence in prevention. In other sectors, respondents were more positive about IPM and had more confidence in prevention. The respondents from the latter subgroup had a similar attitude compared to Dutch pest controllers who participated in a previous survey. The findings of the study provide information for the further development and practical implementation of IPM and preventive measures and with that a more sustainable and animal friendly rodent management. They can also be helpful for a better communication and cooperation between pest controllers and their clients. © 2024 The Authors. Pest Management Science published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of Society of Chemical Industry.

An Unprecedented Experience: Personal and Socio-Political Impacts of the COVID-19 Lockdown in Saudi Arabia.

The COVID-19 pandemic provided an opportunity to understand the experiences of different cultures and the application of preventive measures during a pandemic. That understanding can lead to the development of important evidence to grasp the global situation and prepare for future health crises. This qualitative study explores the impact of COVID-19 lockdown measures on individuals in Saudi Arabia, focusing on personal and socio-political effects. Employing semi-structured interviews with 28 participants, the research delves into the lived experiences during the early stages of the pandemic, highlighting emotional coping mechanisms, behavioral changes, role responsibility adaptations, and perceptions of governmental actions. The findings reveal a spectrum of emotional responses, from worry and fear to acceptance and contentment, and significant shifts in behavior and societal norms. The study underscores the importance of understanding cultural contexts in pandemic responses and offers insights into the resilience and adaptability of the Saudi community. It suggests the need for tailored interventions that consider the complex interplay of emotional, behavioral, and socio-political factors in managing future health crises.

CORRUPTION PREVENTION IN UKRAINE THROUGH THE PRISM OF ELITE MENTALITY

The article considers the problem of corruption prevention from the perspective of the elite mentality and proves the necessity of cultivating a national anti-corruption culture in Ukraine. The purpose of the article is to consider the problem of corruption prevention from the perspective of the elite psyche and to prove the necessity of cultivating a national anti-corruption culture in Ukraine. Methodology. The synergetic method of scientific cognition allowed to study society and its anti-corruption institutions as a system characterised by transparency, diffusion, irregular connections, functional instability, whose development is non-linear under the influence of a wide range of often random factors, especially in its critical and unstable states. The phenomenological method is used to clarify the nature and mechanism of individual criminal behaviour of a corrupt official, the influence of factors of the fight against corruption crimes on its overall level and the level of effectiveness of the fight against corruption in individual states. The comparative method makes it possible to identify common and special phenomena in different socio-cultural systems through comparison. In the process of writing this article, the authors used philosophical, psychological, sociological and other literature related to the topic of this study, along with scientific works on criminology. Results. The article proves that a huge anti-corruption machine consisting of anti-corruption and repressive bodies with different status, functions and tasks in Ukraine is not an effective tool for fighting corruption. Practical implications. Today, repressive measures in the fight against corruption are effective only when combined with preventive measures. Value/originality. According to the theory proposed by the authors, the mission of social cultivation of the nation should be carried out by its elite. In the long run, the application of preventive measures will lead to the education of a virtuous generation of citizens. Virtuous citizens will form an elite that will cherish anti-corruption values. Conclusion. The authors of the article conclude that among all the ways to respond to such a multifactorial phenomenon as corruption, preventive steps are the most effective and inexpensive for the state. The results of the study will be useful for the governments of other countries that suffer from corruption.

Application of preventive measures by employees of criminal enforcement inspections

Application of preventive measures by employees of criminal enforcement inspections

Transformation of House Arrest as a Measure of Restraint in the Russian Criminal Process

Introduction. In the Russian criminal process, a system of measures of procedural coercion has historically taken shape. The leading place in this system is occupied by preventive measures aimed at ensuring the unhindered movement of criminal proceedings. But the application of preventive measures that restrict the freedom of the accused requires the participation of the court and additional guarantees. In the Russian criminal process, one such procedural security measure is house arrest. This article is devoted to the analysis of the evolutionary development of house arrest as a measure of restraint in the Russian criminal process. The study of the process of transformation of the relevant criminal procedural norms will contribute to the conceptual improvement of the system of preventive measures in Russian criminal proceedings. Theoretical Basis. Methods. The theoretical basis of the study was Russian and foreign scientific work in the field of criminal procedure law, devoted to both criminal proceedings in general and the specifics of the use of house arrest. The use of the formal legal method of research made it possible to identify patterns in the transformation of a measure of restraint in the form of house arrest. Results. The article reveals the main historical and modern trends in the legal regulation of the measure of restraint in the form of house arrest. The historical experience and individual changes and additions made to the Code of Criminal Procedure of the Russian Federation during the period of its validity are analyzed, the main directions for further scientific discussion regarding the legal regulation of the measure of restraint in the form of house arrest are outlined. Discussion and Conclusion. Although the preventive measure in the form of house arrest has shown sufficient effectiveness, there is a need to systematize the criminal procedure rules governing the choice of this preventive measure. The author believes that it is necessary to scientifically develop the issues of ensuring the rights of the accused under house arrest.

Effectiveness of the best practice spotlight organizations program to reduce the prevalence of pressure injuries in acute care settings for hospitalized patients in Spain: A quasi-experimental study.

Pressure injuries are a major public health problem because of their impact on morbidity and mortality, quality of life, and increased healthcare costs. The Centros Comprometidos con la Excelencia en Cuidados/Best Practice Spotlight Organization (CCEC/BPSO®) program provides guidelines that can improve these outcomes. This study aimed to assess the effectiveness of the CCEC/BPSO® program in improving the care of patients at risk of pressure injury (PI) at an acute care hospital in Spain. A quasi-experimental regression discontinuity design in three periods was used: (1) baseline (2014), (2) implementation (2015-2017), and (3) sustainability (2018-2019). The study population was comprised of 6377 patients discharged from 22 units of an acute care hospital. The performance of the PI risk assessment and reassessment, the application of special pressure management surfaces, and the presence of PIs were all monitored. Forty-four percent of patients (n=2086) met the inclusion criteria. After implementing the program, the number of patients assessed (53.9%-79.5%), reassessed (4.9%-37.5%), the application of preventive measures (19.6%-79.7%), and the number of people identified with a PI in implementation (1.47%-8.44%) and sustainability (1.47%-8.8%) all increased. The implementation of the CCEC/BPSO® program achieved improved patient safety. Risk assessment monitoring, risk reassessment, and special pressure management surfaces were practices that increased during the study period and were incorporated by professionals to prevent PIs. The training of professionals was instrumental to this process. Incorporating these programs is a strategic line to improve clinical safety and the quality of care. The implementation of the program has been effective in terms of improving the identification of patients at risk and the application of surfaces.

Prosecutor's supervision over the election and application of preventive measures against minors

Prosecutor's supervision over the election and application of preventive measures against minors

COMPARISON OF PUBLIC ADMINISTRATION POLICY AND ADMINISTRATION IN THE FIELD OF STRUGGLE WITH CORRUPTION IN UKRAINE AND SINGAPORE

In the article, based on the analysis of the international index «Transparency International» for 2022 (CPI), a comparison of public management and administration policies in the field of anti-corruption of Ukraine and Singapore from the moment of their independence to the present day is carried out. The activities of the main, universal anti-corruption bodies with a special status of these countries, which implement the policy of combating corruption and other criminal offenses, their laws on the prevention of corruption, which these bodies are guided by to fulfill their duties, are analyzed. A comparison of the socially oriented anti-corruption legislation of the studied countries and the basic laws of the above-mentioned countries was made. The powers of managers and employees of such bodies were analyzed. A comparison of the criminal and other laws of these countries regarding the application of preventive measures and punishments in case of detection of corruption crimes was carried out. Particular attention is focused on the dependence of the country's economic development, its level of perception of corruption, and it is established that a more developed country, which is able to adequately pay for the work of officials, is able to control them. It has been established that the normative policies of the above-mentioned countries are approximately at the same level, so the fight against corruption is primarily based on economic factors.

Prevenção de lesões por pressão na face associadas à ventilação não invasiva: scoping review

Introduction: Pressure injuries (LPP) associated with non-invasive ventilation have negative consequences for the user and the health system, being considered a public health problem. The application of preventive measures, recognition of risk factors and early identification of the development of LPP is the first step towards reducing its incidence. Objective: To map prevention strategies of NIV-associated facial injuries. Material and methods: Scoping review guided by the Joanna Briggs Institute methodology, with research in MEDLINE, CINAHL (via Ebsco) and Academic Search Complete. Two independent reviewers analyzed the study research, and subsequently extracted and synthesized data. Results: Of a total of 65 studies, 6 met the inclusion criteria. Three areas of intervention were identified in this context: application of physical barriers between the skin and the mask, stimulation of the skin's defense mechanisms, and the application of a protocol aimed at nursing interventions. Conclusions: The application of barriers, stimulation of the skin's defense mechanisms and the application of the protocol are effective in the prevention of pressure injuries, also having a preventative impact on pain and discomfort for the user and a reduction in health costs. However, further studies should be carried out in this area in order to standardize care practices.

Het dialyse-disequilibriumsyndroom: casusbespreking en literatuuroverzicht

Dialysis disequilibrium syndrome: a case report and review of the literature The dialysis disequilibrium syndrome (DDS) is a preventable, but potentially life-threatening complication of hemodialysis. Its incidence is low since the application of preventive measures, but its importance is not to be overlooked. The objective of this case report is to emphasize the importance of the prevention of DDS and to give an overview of the literature with a specific focus on prevention. A 62-year-old female patient presented to the emergency department with acute postrenal kidney injury due to a cervix carcinoma with invasion and obstruction of both ureters. Hemodialysis was deemed necessary because of hyperkalemia. By the end of this procedure, the patient suffered from severe neurological deterioration with stupor and myoclonus. She was urgently intubated, sedated and mechanically ventilated. The CT scan of the brain showed cerebral edema. DDS was suspected. The neurological symptoms improved during the following day. Bilateral nephrostomy catheters were placed, upon which the kidney injury resolved. This case report highlights the importance of risk stratification of patients at risk for DDS. In these patients, preventive measures are recommended, such as low-efficiency dialysis or treatment with osmotically active agents.

SARS-COV-2 ANTIGEN SCREENING DURING THE FIRST POST-LOCKDOWN MAJOR MUSIC FESTIVAL IN NOVI SAD, SERBIA, IN JULY 2021

Many countries have resumed mass gathering events like music festivals, despite potential risk of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) transmissions. This study aimed to examine the frequency of SARS-CoV-2 infection among visitors to a mass event, the EXIT festival, in relation to the proposed preventive measures. A total of 466 visitors were included in this longitudinal study conducted in Novi Sad, Serbia, during July, 2021. All subjects were tested with RDT-Ag test for the presence of SARS-CoV-2 virus at the beginning of the study and seven days after. Basic socio-demographic and epidemiological data were collected through a questionnaire. The average age of participants was 28.34 ± 8.87 years with the majority of men (53.7%). There were 170 (36.5%) vaccinated participants. A 97.1% in vaccinated and 92.2% in unvaccinated group, reported to regularly wear a protective mask (p=0.029). At the second cross-sectional testing, 354 subjects were tested, of which 150 (42.4%) were vaccinated. There was no statistically significant difference in application of preventive measures during and after the festival, in respect to vaccination status of the participants. Twenty participants (5.6%) reported some of the COVID-19-like symptoms in the first seven days after visiting the festival, but no COVID-19 infection was confirmed at the RDT-Ag testing. Despite the potential effectiveness of applied preventive measures such as RDT-Ag screening, mask-wearing and vaccination, additional caution is needed when holding these events during a period of high SARS-CoV-2 transmission, as well as when the new virus variants emerge in community.

Prediction and prevention of preeclampsia by physicians in Brazil: An original study.

Considering the worldwide importance of preeclampsia, especially in Brazil, the screening of pregnant women at greater risk of developing the disease and the application of preventive measures are essential. This study aimed to assess the medical performance in this context in Brazil. A survey was developed to quantify the number of physicians who prescribe acetylsalicylic acid (ASA) and/or calcium for preeclampsia prevention. The survey was sent to all Brazilian obstetricians affiliated to the Brazilian Federation of OBGYN by email and WhatsApp. The survey remained opened for 6 months and included questions about the use of ASA and calcium, as well as about the use of a complementary test to predict preeclampsia. The sample consisted of 360 responding physicians and 100% coverage of responses from physicians from the five different regions of Brazil was obtained. The vast majority of respondents (94.72%) prescribe ASA to prevent preeclampsia, with 80.3% prescribing a dose of 100 mg/day. Calcium is prescribed by 83.9% of the respondents. The majority of the interviewed sample (58.6%) requests uterine artery Doppler imaging to predict preeclampsia and 31.7% do not request any additional test. When the analysis was performed by region, only the northern region differed from the other Brazilian regions regarding the use of ASA and calcium for preeclampsia prevention. While more than 90% of physicians in the other regions prescribe ASA, 40% in the northern region do not use it (p < 0.0001). Regarding calcium, 30% of physicians in northern Brazil do not use the drug for preeclampsia prevention, a percentage that also differs from the other regions where the medication is prescribed by 80 to 90% of physicians (p = 0.021). The vast majority of Brazilian physicians prescribe low-dose aspirin and calcium carbonate to prevent preeclampsia in high-risk pregnant women. In addition to the identification of clinical risk factors, most doctors use Doppler of the uterine arteries as a predictive method. In the northern region of Brazil, physicians use aspirin and calcium less frequently for preventing preeclampsia compared to the rest of the country.

New ways to prevent nosocomial infection (literature review)

The problem of prevention of nosocomial infection is one of the central in the work of medical organizations, and interest in it from clinicians remains high. Nosocomial infection is one of the main causes of death in a hospital setting and significantly increases the risk of death. Nosocomial infections lengthen the time spent in the hospital and increase the material costs of diagnosing and treating the underlying disease. Due to the high prevalence, more and more new methods of prevention of nosocomial infections appear and the existing ones are being improved. The basis of all methods is the observance of the rules of asepsis and antisepsis, but the importance of the socio-economic aspect of the policy of medical organizations and institutions is not excluded. Currently, examples of successful preventive measures are hand hygiene, sterilization and disinfection of medical equipment, prevention of environmental pollution, timely disposal of waste, compliance with precautions for isolation and continuous monitoring of data on the spread of nosocomial infections. However, despite significant progress in the study and application of preventive measures in practice, the problem of nosocomial infection remains unresolved. Difficulty for the development of a trend towards a decrease in the incidence of nosocomial infections is the specificity of pathogens and an increase in their resistance. Research and the search for effective, convenient and cost-effective methods and means of prevention of nosocomial infection must continue, as the implementation of programs for prevention and control of infections in the future can reduce the length of hospital stay and avoid other additional costs.

Degree of Integration of Risk Preventive Measures in the Management System of Companies in the Electricity Sector

Despite the increasingly severe POH (Prevention and Occupational Health) regulation and the mandatory use of more effective protection equipment, workplace accidents and mishaps are still common events worldwide. Moreover, these mishaps include a considerable number of occasional accidents, that is, those that are caused by unsafe working conditions and behaviours, and therefore, could be avoided. Aiming to investigate the causes of such failures, the present study analyses the adoption and application of prevention measures within companies of the electricity (which has one of the highest levels of accidents). In this context, data on the organisation and adoption of prevention measures was collected through a survey with workers and supervisors of companies from Galicia, Spain (n = 220). Results suggest that there is a general deficiency regarding awareness of risk within companies from the sector, which leads to an insufficiency of adequate prevention measures. More specifically, a considerable percentage of both managers and workers have shown not to have enough knowledge on POH. Practical implications to mitigate these problems are addressed in the conclusions.

Nurses' Performance Regarding the Application of Preventive Measures of Hepatitis C virus Infection among Children Undergoing Hemodialysis

Nurses' Performance Regarding the Application of Preventive Measures of Hepatitis C virus Infection among Children Undergoing Hemodialysis

Management of disease in nurses with varicose veins

In 2020, one of the main causes in Lithuania was circulatory system diseases [1]. One common disorder of the vascular system is varicose veins. There are no exact statistics on the number of patients with varicose veins in Lithuania. Varicose veins are a venous disease that affects about 30 percent of the world's population [2].&#x0D; This article examines the disease management of nurses with varicose veins in the legs. The study included infection in 10 nurses diagnosed with varicose veins in the legs.&#x0D; The study identified genetic predisposition, posture, and physical work and overweight as the main risk factors for leg venous varicose veins. All informants use compression therapy, but only a few perform it on a regular basis. Nurses must also be physically active and follow dietary recommendations that use ointments to improve blood circulation in the legs. Due to the absence of pronounced varicose veins in the legs and the discourse caused by preventive measures, the investigator does not apply preventive measures. The reasons for the application of preventive measures are the information provided by specialists and colleagues. Further progression of the disease is a possible reason for the use of preventive measures.

Recruitment of Russian youth by extremist organizations

The article examines the current problems of recruiting young people to extremist organizations using both religious motivation and social problems of recruitment objects. The article describes the results of a study to identify the motives and reasons for citizens' participation in the activities of terrorist and extremist organizations. The practice of improving the system of measures to counter extremist organizations in recruiting new members is considered. In addition, the subject of the study includes recruiting tools, the structure of the recruitment process, models for attracting new members to terrorist organizations, as well as characteristics of potential recruits. The methodological basis of the research is such general scientific and private scientific methods as analysis, formal-logical and formal-legal. Based on the analysis of current law enforcement practice, modern statistical data and the points of view of other researchers, the reasons that complicate the effect of the norms of Russian legislation on recruiters and the application of preventive measures within the framework of the problem are reflected. The main results of the conducted research allow us to identify significant gaps in the issues of countering terrorism and extremism at the initial stages. The variants of solving the issue by introducing the cult of love for the Motherland into the consciousness of young people, as well as the skills of correct understanding of moral and religious values are proposed.

HEALTHCARE ASSOCIATED INFECTIONS IN INTENSIVE CARE UNITS

Mădălina "Hospital-acquired infections (HAIs) are the infections that develop clinically after 48 hours of admission in the hospital. Nosocomial infections occur within 48-72 hours of admission and are characterized by significantly higher incidence of infections resistant to treatment. Exogenous or endogenous pathogenic microorganisms can cause healthcare-associated illnesses. The clinical expertise of senior physicians and some prior studies indicated that the risk factors for HAI included both the patients own characteristics, as well as extrinsic factors. Patients’ characteristics may include age, sex, body weight, intrinsic comorbidities, diabetes mellitus, and immunological factors, while external factors may be represented by invasive procedures, medications, mechanical ventilation, surgery time in minutes, reoperation, cephalosporin exposure, days of exposure to central venous catheter, and stays in intensive care units. Monitoring of HAIs and application of preventive measures are essential in order to lower their incidence. Keywords: healthcare associated infections, intensive care unit"

Perception of information about COVID-19 and protective behaviours in relation to feelings of anxiety and happiness

This study aimed to assess the perception of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) information provision and the health protective behavior as potential factors of feelings of anxiety and happiness among the general population in Indonesia during the outbreak. We conducted an online survey using snowball sampling techniques. The online survey collected information about demographic data, information provision of COVID-19, health prevention behaviors, and feelings of anxiety and happiness. This study involved 3,686 participants in Indonesia in the period from 2&lt;sup&gt;nd&lt;/sup&gt; of April to 4&lt;sup&gt;th&lt;/sup&gt; of April 2020. We found that the most frequent source of information reported was social media. The majority of participants were satisfied with the amount of information provided (98%), however 54% of the participants reported that no information or very little information about the screening/test and the treatment of COVID-19 was provided. The most frequent protective behaviour was implemented cough attitude, avoided handshake, and applied physical distancing. High exposure of Information about COVID-19 and doing preventive measures were associated with greater anxiety. Nonetheless, some preventive measures appeared to be positively associated with feelings of happiness. Our results give an indications about the information provision, application of preventive measure and the factors associated with feelings of anxiety and happiness.

Проблемы обеспечения обоснованности при применении меры пресечения в виде заключения под стражу

Тhis article analyzes the procedure at the present time for applying a preventive measure in the form of detention during the preliminary investigation, paying attention to the procedure for the actions, their importance and limits of authority of the organs involved in this process. In addition, the article provides a comparative analysis of the activities of the courts of the Russian Federation, their self-dependence in the application of preventive measures in the form of detention with the appropriate proposals for improving legislation and ensuring the true independence of the courts in the application of a preventive measure in the form of detention.