Potential Applications Research Articles

Anaerobic Process Intensification via Electro-methanogenesis − Advancing Biogas Upgradation through CO2 Utilization

This study investigates the enhancement of anaerobic processes through electro-methanogenesis (EM), focusing on biogas upgrading and in situ CO2 utilization. The effects of applied potential (AP), closed circuit (CC), open circuit (OC), and control (C; without electrode) conditions were evaluated in electro-methanogenic bioreactors operated at 30 °C and 48 °C. Using stainless-steel electrodes, eight reactor configurations were compared. Results showed that mesophilic conditions (48 °C) yielded higher biogas and methane production efficiencies than ambient conditions (30 °C). Among the electrode configurations, the AP condition achieved the highest biogas production, followed by CC, OC, and control. The integration of electrochemical conditions with elevated temperatures significantly improved the calorific value of the biogas, achieving a 1.6–2.08-fold increase. The R8/EMAP/48 condition demonstrated the highest methane equivalent utilization, with CH4 as the primary electron sink. In situ and external potentials enhanced bacterial metabolic activity and facilitated mediated interspecies electron transfer through soluble redox-active molecules such as quinones and NADH. This approach effectively overcomes the thermodynamic limitations of conventional anaerobic digestion, providing a method for increasing methane production by enhancing in situ electron flux while also supporting targeted decarbonization by upgrading the biogas energy value.

Thermophysical properties of Molten FLiNaK: A moment tensor potential approach

Fluoride salts demonstrate significant potential for applications in next-generation nuclear reactors, necessitating a comprehensive understanding of their thermophysical properties for technological advancements. Experimental measurement of these properties poses challenges, due to factors such as high temperatures, impurity control, and corrosion. Consequently, precise computational modeling methods become essential for predicting the thermophysical properties of molten salts. In this work, we performed molecular dynamics (MD) simulations of several thermophysical properties of the eutectic salt mixture LiF-NaF-KF (FLiNaK) melt, including density, self-diffusion coefficients, viscosity, and thermal conductivity. We demonstrated the successful application of moment tensor potentials (MTP) as an accurate model for interatomic interactions in FLiNaK. Our results on thermophysical properties calculations exhibit strong agreement with experimental data. An important aspect of our methodology is the incorporation of an active learning scheme, which enables the generation of a robust and accurate potential, while maintaining a moderate-sized training dataset.

Robust correlated magnetic moments in end-modified graphene nanoribbons

We conduct a theoretical examination of the electronic and magnetic characteristics of end-modified 7-atom wide armchair graphene nanoribbons (AGNRs). Our investigation is performed within the framework of a single-band Hubbard model, beyond a mean-field approximation. First, we carry out a comprehensive comparison of various approaches for accommodating di-hydrogenation configurations at the AGNR ends. We demonstrate that the application of an on-site potential to the modified carbon atom, coupled with the addition of an electron, replicates phenomena such as the experimentally observed reduction of the bulk-states (BS) gap. These results for the density of states (DOS) and electronic densities align closely with those obtained through a method explicitly designed to account for the orbital properties of hydrogen atoms. Furthermore, our study enables a clear differentiation between magnetic moments already described in a mean-field (MF) approach, which are spatially confined to the same sites as the topological end-states (ES), and correlation-induced magnetic moments, which exhibit localization along all edges of the AGNRs. Notably, we show the robustness of these correlation-induced magnetic moments relative to end modifications, within the scope of the method we employ.

The Imidazacridine Derivative LPSF/AC-05 Induces Apoptosis, Cell Cycle Arrest, and Topoisomerase II Inhibition in Breast Cancer, Leukemia, and Lymphoma.

Cancer is the major cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide. Current treatments for both solid and hematological tumors are associated with severe adverse effects and drug resistance, necessitating the development of novel selective antineoplastic drugs. The present study describes the antitumor activity of the imidazacridine derivative 5-acridin-9-ylmethylidene-2-thioxoimidazolidin-4-one (LPSF/AC05) in breast cancer, leuke-mia, and lymphoma cells. Cytotoxicity assays were performed in PBMC and in breast cancer, leukemia, and lymphoma cell lines using the MTT method. Changes in cell cycle progression and apoptosis were assessed using flow cytometry. Moreover, topoisomerase II inhibition as-says were performed. LPSF/AC05 exhibited cytotoxicity in six of the nine cell lines tested. The best results for leukemia and lymphoma were observed in the Toledo, Jurkat, and Raji cell lines (IC50 = 27.18, 31.04, and 33.36 M, respectively). For breast cancer, the best re-sults were observed in the triple-negative cell line MDA-MB-231 (IC50 = 27.54 μM). The compound showed excellent selectivity, with no toxicity to normal human cells (IC50 > 100M; selectivity index > 3). Cell death was primarily induced by apoptosis in all cell lines. Furthermore, LPSF/AC05 treatmentinduced cell cycle arrest at the G0/G1 phase in leuke-mia/lymphoma and at the G2/M phase in breast cancer. Finally, topoisomerase II was inhibited. These results indicate the potential ap-plication of LPSF/AC05 in cancer therapy.

Mechanism analysis and application of multi-dimensional single potential well stochastic resonance system

Currently, the focus of stochastic resonance (SR) research is primarily on bistable systems, and classical bistable SR systems have the problems of low dimension, inconvenient parameter adjustment, and high threshold for SR effects. In this paper, based on the classic bistable system, a class of multi-dimensional single potential well SR systems without transition threshold is proposed and applied to signal processing. Firstly, the mechanism of double potential well SR and single potential well SR is studied. On this basis, a kind of multi-dimensional single potential well SR system is defined and its theoretical conditions are analyzed. Then a specific four-dimensional single potential well SR system is constructed, and the dynamics of the system is analyzed. The gain range and the approximate relationship between the system input and the four-dimensional output are derived. Finally, the four-dimensional single potential well SR system is applied to the processing of various signals. The experimental results show that the constructed system has good noise reduction and feature amplification effects on noisy signals through the advantages of multi-dimensional output, and can be used to highlight the fault feature frequency in bearing fault signals.

Electromagnetic Characteristic Analysis of a Negative-Salient Hybrid Permanent Magnet Motor for Electric Vehicles

Negative-salient permanent magnet motors (NSPMMs) have a potential application in the field of electric vehicles (EVs) due to their wide constant-power speed range and high efficiency. However, the researches of NSPMMs used for EVs and the relationships between the design parameters of the motor and drive performances of the EV are still absent. First, the operating characteristics of permanent magnet drive motors are investigated. Second, the relationships between the distribution of the driving cycles of the EV and the design parameters of the motor are summarized. Then, a negative-salient hybrid permanent magnet motor with excellent performances in the full-speed range and remedies for its negative impact are proposed. The electromagnetic performances of the proposed topology are compared with the conventional motor by finite element method and the performance evaluation of the electrical driving system is carried out. Finally, a prototype is manufactured and tested. The simulation and experimental results show that the proposed motor exhibits favorable characteristics such as low torque ripple, wide constant-power speed range, high efficiency in a wide speed range and low rare-earth consumption. The results verify the feasibility of the proposed topology applied to EVs.

Can Glycerol Carbonate be Synthesized Without a Catalyst?

Abstract: Biodiesel and oleo-chemical industries have been producing huge quantities of glycerol as a by-product. Value-added products can be synthesized from glycerol through different chemical and enzymatic reactions, such as oxidation, carbonylation, reforming, acetalyzation, etherification, dehydration, hydrogenolysis, hydrolysis, esterification, and transesterification. Glycerol is a low-cost polyol that can be converted into glycerol carbonate, which has potential applications in polymer and biobased non-isocyanate polyurethanes industries (Bio-NIPUs). The present contribution is the first of its kind to report on the synthesis of glycerol carbonate via catalyst and solvent-free transesterification of glycerol with dimethyl carbonate under conventional as well as microwave heating. Additionally, a comparative study of conventional and microwave-assisted transesterification was performed. Under conventional heating, 78% glycerol carbonate is obtained at 120oC in 36 hours, whereas, using microwaves, 92% of glycerol carbonate can be achieved in 30 minutes. Presently, biomass-based heterogeneous materials are used in catalysis due to their importance within the context of sustainability. In line with this, in this work, a series of green catalysts, namely, molecular sieves (MS, 4Å), Hβ- Zeolite, Montmorillonite K-10 clay, activated carbon prepared from the shell of groundnut (Arachis hypogaea), and biochar from sawdust pyrolysis were successfully employed. Glycerol carbonate was thoroughly characterized by 1H and 13C NMR, FT-IR and MS. The method described here is facile and green since the utilization of bioresource (glycerol) for the production of glycerol carbonate is performed under microwave.

Album of animated drawings as an innovative means of teaching algebra in the digital environment of bilingual students

Introduction. Digitalization of education has opened up new opportunities for the development and application of the didactic potential of digital technologies in teaching algebra in the context of bilingualism. This determined the purpose of this work, which is to create a methodological system for teaching algebra to bilingual students and an album of animated drawings in a digital environment. Scientific and pedagogical research focuses on the problem of mathematical training of schoolchildren in the context of bilingualism. From the point of view of improving the quality of education, it is advisable to rely on visual-figurative and associative thinking developed by bilingual students. Materials and methods. The experimental study involved 50 students of the seventh grade of gymnasium No. 5 in the city of Kyzyl, Republic of Tyva (Russian Federation). The methods of comparative analysis of scientific, pedagogical and methodological sources, empirical and statistical methods (Student's t-test) are applied. Results. A methodological system for teaching algebra to bilingual students using an album of animated drawings in a digital environment has been developed. An album of animated drawings is presented, implemented in the form of an electronic training course in the electronic learning system of Tuvan State University and the results of its application in teaching algebra to bilingual students. As a result of the experiment, it was revealed that in the absence of statistically significant differences in the control and experimental groups at the time of the initial control, since tэмп = 2,00 < tкр = 2,01, during the final control, tэмп = 2,80 > tкр = 2,01 at the significance level p < 0,05. This indicates that the compared groups are significantly different and the experimental hypothesis about the effectiveness of using an album of animated drawings as an innovative means of teaching seventh grade algebra in the digital environment of bilingual students is confirmed. Conclusion. The use of an album of animated drawings as an innovative means of teaching algebra in the digital environment of bilingual students of the seventh grade of the Republic of Tyva increases the effectiveness of learning by increasing the clarity of algebraic concepts and statements, reducing the amount of non-essential calculations, as well as the use of mechanisms for rapid assessment of learning outcomes using a developed system of bilingual prompts. The proposed learning tool forms and develops an experimental research style of learning.

Rethinking Pretraining as a Bridge From ANNs to SNNs.

Spiking neural networks (SNNs) are known as typical kinds of brain-inspired models with their unique features of rich neuronal dynamics, diverse coding schemes, and low power consumption properties. How to obtain a high-accuracy model has always been the main challenge in the field of SNN. Currently, there are two mainstream methods, i.e., obtaining a converted SNN through converting a well-trained artificial NN (ANN) to its SNN counterpart or training an SNN directly. However, the inference time of a converted SNN is too long, while SNN training is generally very costly and inefficient. In this work, a new SNN training paradigm is proposed by combining the concepts of the two different training methods with the help of the pretrain technique and BP-based deep SNN training mechanism. We believe that the proposed paradigm is a more efficient pipeline for training SNNs. The pipeline includes pipe-S for static data transfer tasks and pipe-D for dynamic data transfer tasks. State-of-the-art (SOTA) results are obtained in a large-scale event-driven dataset ES-ImageNet. For training acceleration, we achieve the same (or higher) best accuracy as similar leaky-integrate-and-fire (LIF)-SNNs using 1/8 training time on ImageNet-1K and 1/2 training time on ES-ImageNet and also provide a time-accuracy benchmark for a new dataset ES-UCF101. These experimental results reveal the similarity of the functions of parameters between ANNs and SNNs and also demonstrate various potential applications of this SNN training pipeline.

Treatment with Exosomes Derived from Mesenchymal Stem Cells: A New Window of Healing Science in Regenerative Medicine.

Many studies have been conducted on the potential applications of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) over recent years due to their growing importance in regenerative medicine. Exosomes are considered cargos capable of transporting proteins, peptides, lipids, mRNAs, and growth factors. MSCsderived exosomes are also involved in the prevention or treatment of a variety of diseases, including cardiovascular diseases, neurological diseases, skin disorders, lung diseases, osteoarthritis, damaged tissue repair, and other diseases. This review attempted to summarize the importance of employing MSCs in regenerative medicine by gathering and evaluating information from current literature. The role of MSCs and the potential applications of MSCs-derived exosomes have also been discussed.

An Insight on Skin Cancer About Different Targets With Update on Clinical Trials and Investigational Drugs.

Cancer is a diverse disease caused by transcriptional changes involving genetic and epigenetic features that influence a huge variety of genes and proteins. Skin cancer is a potentially fatal disease that affects equally men and women globally and is characterized by many molecular changes. Despite the availability of various improved approaches for detecting and treating skin cancer, it continues to be the leading cause of death throughout society. This review highlights a general overview of skin cancer, with an emphasis on epidemiology, types, risk factors, pathological and targeted facets, biomarkers and molecular markers, immunotherapy, and clinical updates of investigational drugs associated with skin cancer. The skin cancer challenges are acknowledged throughout this study, and the potential application of novel biomarkers of skin cancer formation, progression, metastasis, and prognosis is explored. Although the mechanism of skin carcinogenesis is currently poorly understood, multiple articles have shown that genetic and molecular changes are involved. Furthermore, several skin cancer risk factors are now recognized, allowing for efficient skin cancer prevention. There have been considerable improvements in the field of targeted treatment, and future research into additional targets will expand patients' therapeutic choices. In comparison to earlier articles on the same issue, this review focused on molecular and genetic factors and examined various skin cancer-related factors in depth.

Exploring the Theranostic Applications and Prospects of Nanobubbles.

Anticancer medications as well as additional therapeutic compounds, have poor clinical effectiveness due to their diverse distribution, non-selectivity for malignant cells, and undesirable off-target side effects. As a result, ultrasound-based targeted delivery of therapeutic compounds carried in sophisticated nanocarriers has grown in favor of cancer therapy and control. Nanobubbles are nanoscale bubbles that exhibit unique physiochemical properties in both their inner core and outer shell. Manufacturing nanobubbles primarily aims to enhance therapeutic agents' bioavailability, stability, and targeted delivery. The small size of nanobubbles allows for their extravasation from blood vessels into surrounding tissues and site-specific release through ultrasound targeting. Ultrasound technology is widely utilized for therapy due to its speed, safety, and cost-effectiveness, and micro/nanobubbles, as ultrasound contrast agents, have numerous potential applications in disease treatment. Thus, combining ultrasound applications with NBs has recently demonstrated increased localization of anticancer molecules in tumor tissues with triggered release behavior. Consequently, an effective therapeutic concentration of drugs/genes is achieved in target tumor tissues with ultimately increased therapeutic efficacy and minimal side effects on other non-cancerous tissues. This paper provides a brief overview of the production processes for nanobubbles, along with their key characteristics and potential therapeutic uses.

A comprehensive review on versatile microalga Tetraselmis: Potentials applications in wastewater remediation and bulk chemical production

Microalgae are considered sustainable resources for the production of biofuel, feed, and bioactive compounds. Among various microalgal genera, the Tetraselmis genus, containing predominantly marine microalgal species with wide tolerance to salinity and temperature, has a high potential for large-scale commercialization. Until now, Tetraselmis sp. are exploited at smaller levels for aquaculture hatcheries and bivalve production. However, its prolific growth rate leads to promising areal productivity and energy-dense biomass, so it is considered a viable source of third-generation biofuel. Also, microbial pathogens and contaminants are not generally associated with Tetraselmis sp. in outdoor conditions due to faster growth as well as dominance in the culture. Numerous studies revealed that the metabolite compositions of Tetraselmis could be altered favorably by changing the growth conditions, taking advantage of its acclimatization or adaptation ability in different conditions. Furthermore, the biorefinery approach produces multiple fractions that can be successfully upgraded into various value-added products along with biofuel. Overall, Tetraselmis sp. could be considered a potential strain for further algal biorefinery development under the circular bioeconomy framework. In this aspect, this review discusses the recent advancements in the cultivation and harvesting of Tetraselmis sp. for wider application in different sectors. Furthermore, this review highlights the key challenges associated with large-scale cultivation, biomass harvesting, and commercial applications for Tetraselmis sp.

Effects of intrinsic and extrinsic growth factors on virulence gene expression of foodborne pathogens in vitro and in food model systems; a review

AbstractSince foodborne diseases are one of the major causes of human hospitalization and death, one of the main challenges to food safety is the elimination or reduction of pathogens from food products throughout the food production chain. Pathogens, such as Salmonella species, Escherichia coli, Bacillus cereus, Clostridium species, Staphylococcus aureus, Listeria monocytogenes, Campylobacter species, etc., enter the consumer's body through the consumption of contaminated food and eventually cause disease, disability, and death in humans. In particular, the expression of virulence genes of these pathogens in various food environments containing them has been repeatedly reported, which is a key issue for the survival and pathogenicity of the pathogen. Hence, in this review, the interventions to prevent and control foodborne diseases, such as the application of natural preservatives, redox potential, heat treatments, high‐pressure processing, and gaseous atmosphere, are discussed based on the literature. Moreover, the effects of various environmental conditions on bacterial gene expression are comprehensively reviewed. In conclusion, the effects of intrinsic and extrinsic factors on the growth and pathogenicity of bacteria are very complicated. The information obtained from the current study can be used to develop new control strategies, improve food safety, and ensure human health.

The Role and Application of Redox Potential in Wine Technology

In wine technology, the on-line measurement of redox potential is a fast, accurate, and reliable measurement that provides insight into the metabolism of Saccharomyces cerevisiae, its microbial activity, and the oxidation and reduction state of wine, as well as insight into its quality and stability. The significance of the redox potential measurement and control in wine technology as well as the maintenance and regulation of fermentation redox potential using temperature and carbon dioxide fluxes are discussed. Redox potential levels from Eh 100 to 180 mV are typical for non-oxidized wine that is bottling-ready, while levels of Eh 270 to 460 mV represent oxidized wines with typical failures. The relevance of redox potential measurement during the 2-year maturation of Blau Fränkisch wine in 225 L oak barrels at six levels at a temperature 15 °C is presented. The measurement of the redox potential, expressing heterogeneity in redox layers during wine maturation in oak barrels, is represented in various oxido-reductive fermentation zones. On the contrary, the end of the maturation process is indicated by the homogeneity of redox zones, where the matured wine shows no differences in redox measurement on all levels. Using redox potential as a key scale-up criteria ensures comparable and reproducible amounts of the final product even in geometrically non-similar fermenter systems.

Electric Potential Controlled Ionic Lubrication

Electric potential controlled lubrication, also known as triboelectrochemistry or electrotunable tribology, is an emerging field to regulate the friction, wear, and lubrication performance under charge distribution on the solid–liquid interfaces through an applied electric potential, allowing to achieve superlubrication. Electric potential controlled lubrication is of great significance for smart tunable lubrication, micro-electro-mechanical systems (MEMS), and key components in high-end mechanical equipment such as gears and bearings, etc. However, there needs to be a more theoretical understanding of the electric potential controlled lubrication between micro- and macro-scale conditions. For example, the synergistic contribution of the adsorption/desorption process and the electrochemical reaction process has not been well understood, and there exists a significant gap between the theoretical research and applications of electric potential controlled lubrication. Here, we provide an overview of this emerging field, from introducing its theoretical background to the advantages and characteristics of different experimental configurations (including universal mechanical tribometers, atomic force microscopes, and surface force apparatus/balances) for electric potential controlled lubrication. Next, we review the main experimental achievements in the performance and mechanisms of electrotunable lubrication, especially using ionic lubricants, including electrolyte solutions, ionic liquids, and surfactants. This review aims to survey the literature on electric potential controlled lubrication and provide insights into the design of superlubricants and intelligent lubrication systems for various applications.

Vibrational study of mycophenolic acid and its quantification with electrochemically assisted surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy

Mycophenolic acid (MPA) is an immunosuppressant widely used in transplantations, for which therapeutic drug monitoring (TDM) has proven beneficial. There is furthermore a need to develop affordable, rapid, and benchtop analytical methods to perform TDM of MPA in a point-of-need setting. In this paper, we report for the first time the Raman fingerprint region and surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS) vibrations of MPA through density functional theory calculations. The output of these simulations was compared with experimental data from electrochemically assisted SERS, i.e. application of a well-defined potential or sequence of potentials in SERS assays. The systematic electrochemically assisted SERS experimental study was carried out to understand the adsorption behaviour of MPA on gold nanopillars (AuNPs) when different potentials were applied. We found that MPA interacts with the AuNPs through its benzofuran heterocycle and carboxylic acid group. Applying different potentials on the SERS substrate resulted in band shifts, which we hypothesise to originate from molecular reorientation on the metal surface. Moreover, an electrochemically assisted SERS assay was developed and carried out on a portable Raman spectrometer. We show that MPA detection can be performed in less than 5 min in a clinically relevant concentration range (1 – 50 µM), with improved repeatability compared to a SERS assay without any applied potential (overall RSD decrease from 34.6 % to 18.5 %).

A neural-network potential for aluminum

Aluminum and its alloys are most often used as structural materials due to their specific properties, such as low weight, low energy consumption for remelting and the possibility of almost complete processing. This paper utilizes machine learning, specifically the Behler-Parrinello neural network scheme, to develop a powerful potential for studying the underlying mechanisms of deformation, fracture, and defect formation. By surpassing the limitations of first principles calculations, the application of machine-learned potentials (MLP) becomes highly advantageous for describing pure aluminum (Al) in its solid and liquid phases. Specifically, from the generated potential equilibrium, thermodynamic, elastic, and vibrational properties of face-centered cubic (fcc) Al are obtained in very good agreement especially with density functional theory (DFT) results as well as with previous calculations using existing semi-empirical potentials, such as EAM and MEAM, recent machine-learned potentials, and experimental data. Furthermore, our potential proves to accurately reproduce defect formation energies such as previously computed and measured stacking-fault energy curves. Finally, stacking fault profiles as well as key quantities of the liquid phase such as the melting point at ambient pressure, temperature-dependent densities, and radial distribution functions are also calculated in very good agreement with the results from previous theoretical and experimental investigations. Nevertheless, our investigation goes beyond previous studies in proving excellent agreement with experimental data especially of the specific heat and the melting point at very high pressures. The competitive analysis performed in this work thus clearly demonstrates the validity and accuracy of the generated machine-learned potential to describe a wide range of properties of Al at various temperatures and pressures and thereby lays ground for future applications.

Polycationic Open‐Shell Cyclophanes: Synthesis of Electron‐Rich Chiral Macrocycles, and Redox‐Dependent Electronic States

Abstractπ‐Conjugated chiral nanorings with intriguing electronic structures and chiroptical properties have attracted considerable interests in synthetic chemistry and materials science. We present the design principles to access new chiral macrocycles (1 and 2) that are essentially built on the key components of main‐group electron‐donating carbazolyl moieties or the π‐expanded aza[7]helicenes. Both macrocycles show the unique molecular conformations with a (quasi) figure‐of‐eight topology as a result of the conjugation patterns of 2,2’,7,7’‐spirobifluorenyl in 1 and triarylamine‐coupled aza[7]helicene‐based building blocks in 2. This electronic nature of redox‐active, carbazole‐rich backbones enabled these macrocycles to be readily oxidized chemically and electrochemically, leading to the sequential production of a series of positively charged polycationic open‐shell cyclophanes. Their redox‐dependent electronic states of the resulting multispin polyradicals have been characterized by VT‐ESR, UV/Vis‐NIR absorption and spectroelectrochemical measurements. The singlet (ΔES‐T=−1.29 kcal mol−1) and a nearly degenerate singlet‐triplet ground state (ΔES−T(calcd)=−0.15 kcal mol−1 and ΔES−T(exp)=0.01 kcal mol−1) were proved for diradical dications 12+2⋅ and 22+2⋅, respectively. Our work provides an experimental proof for the construction of electron‐donating new chiral nanorings, and more importantly for highly charged polyradicals with potential applications in chirospintronics and organic conductors.

Polycationic Open-Shell Cyclophanes: Synthesis of Electron-Rich Chiral Macrocycles, and Redox-Dependent Electronic States.

π-Conjugated chiral nanorings with intriguing electronic structures and chiroptical properties have attracted considerable interests in synthetic chemistry and materials science. We present the design principles to access new chiral macrocycles (1 and 2) that are essentially built on the key components of main-group electron-donating carbazolyl moieties or the π-expanded aza[7]helicenes. Both macrocycles show the unique molecular conformations with a (quasi) figure-of-eight topology as a result of the conjugation patterns of 2,2',7,7'-spirobifluorenyl in 1 and triarylamine-coupled aza[7]helicene-based building blocks in 2. This electronic nature of redox-active, carbazole-rich backbones enabled these macrocycles to be readily oxidized chemically and electrochemically, leading to the sequential production of a series of positively charged polycationic open-shell cyclophanes. Their redox-dependent electronic states of the resulting multispin polyradicals have been characterized by VT-ESR, UV/Vis-NIR absorption and spectroelectrochemical measurements. The singlet (ΔES-T=-1.29 kcal mol-1) and a nearly degenerate singlet-triplet ground state (ΔES-T(calcd)=-0.15 kcal mol-1 and ΔES-T(exp)=0.01 kcal mol-1) were proved for diradical dications 12+2⋅ and 22+2⋅, respectively. Our work provides an experimental proof for the construction of electron-donating new chiral nanorings, and more importantly for highly charged polyradicals with potential applications in chirospintronics and organic conductors.