Application Of Potassium Fertilizer Research Articles

Prediction Model of Nitrogen, Phosphorus, and Potassium Fertilizer Application Rate for Greenhouse Tomatoes under Different Soil Fertility Conditions

To reach the target yield of crops, nutrient management is essential. Selecting the appropriate prediction model and adjusting the nutrient supply based on the actual situation can effectively improve the nutrient utilization efficiency, crop yield, and product quality. Therefore, a prediction model of the NPK fertilizer application rate for greenhouse tomatoes under the target yield was studied in this study. Under low, medium, and high soil fertility conditions, a neural network prediction model based on the sparrow search algorithm (SSA-NN), a neural network prediction model based on the improved sparrow search algorithm (ISSA-NN), and a neural network prediction model based on the hybrid algorithm (HA-NN) were used to predict the NPK fertilizer application rate for greenhouse tomatoes. The experimental results indicated that the evaluation indexes (i.e., the mean square error (MSE), explained variance score (EVS), and coefficient of determination (R2)) of the HA-NN prediction model proposed in this study were superior than the SSA-NN and ISSA-NN prediction models under three different soil fertility conditions. Under high soil fertility, compared with the SSA-NN prediction model, the MSE of the ISSA-NN and HA-NN prediction models decreased to 0.007 and 0.005, respectively; the EVS increased to 0.871 and 0.908, respectively; and the R2 increased to 0.862 and 0.899, respectively. This study showed that the HA–NN prediction model was superior in predicting the NPK fertilizer application rate for greenhouse tomatoes under three different soil fertility conditions. Due to the significance of NPK fertilizer application rate prediction for greenhouse tomatoes, this technique is expected to bring benefits to agricultural production management and decision support.

Beet Growing Technology and Productivity in Azerbaijan

In Absheron conditions, the yield of table beets was studied at different rates of potassium fertilizer application. It has been established that organic and mineral fertilizers significantly affect both the morphology and productivity of table beets. 4 variants of fertilization were carried out. The result of the experiment showed that in all variants there was an increase in beet productivity. The most effective option in Absheron conditions is Fon+N120P90K120. The reliability of the experimental work was checked statistically. The role of the correct and effective use of mineral fertilizers in increasing productivity has been confirmed, and the development of the technology for their application has been significantly improved.

Potassium fertilizer promotes the thin-shelled Tartary buckwheat yield by delaying senescence and promoting grain filling.

The application rate of potassium fertilizer is closely related to the yield of crops. Thin-shelled Tartary buckwheat is a new variety of Tartary buckwheat with the advantages of thin shell and easy shelling. However, little is known about application rate of potassium fertilizer on the yield formation of thin-shelled Tartary buckwheat. This study aimed to clarify the effect of potassium fertilizer on the growth and yield of thin-shelled Tartary buckwheat. A field experiment to investigate the characteristics was conducted across two years using thin-shelled Tartary buckwheat (Miku 18) with four potassium fertilizer applications including 0 (no potassium fertilizer, CK), 15 (low-concentration potassium fertilizer, LK), 30 (medium-concentration potassium fertilizer, MK), and 45 kg·ha-1 (high-concentration potassium fertilizer, HK). The maximum and average grain filling rates; starch synthase activity; superoxide dismutase and peroxidase activities in leaves; root morphological indices and activities; available nitrogen, phosphorus, and organic matter content in rhizosphere soil; urease and alkaline phosphatase activities in rhizosphere soil; plant height, main stem node number, main stem branch number, leaf number; grain number per plant, grain weight per plant, and 100-grain weight increased first and then decreased with the increase in potassium fertilizer application rate and reached the maximum at MK treatment. The content of malondialdehyde was significantly lower in MK treatment than in other three treatments. The yields of thin-shelled Tartary buckwheat treated with LK, MK, and HK were 1.22, 1.37, and 1.07 times that of CK, respectively. In summary, an appropriate potassium fertilizer treatment (30kg·ha-1) can delay the senescence, promote the grain filling, and increase the grain weight and final yield of thin-shelled Tartary buckwheat. This treatment is recommended to be used in production to achieve high-yield cultivation of thin-shelled Tartary buckwheat.

The Management of Irrigation and Potassium Fertilization to Mitigate the Effect of Light Frosts on the Phenolic and Volatile Compounds in Virgin Olive Oils.

The frequency of early frosts has increased in recent years, which are injurious to olive growing, causing losses in the yield and quality of virgin olive oil. In this research, it was studied how the management of agronomic factors mitigates frost damage in Arbequina olives, minimizing the loss of phenols and volatiles in virgin olive oil, at different fruit ripening stages. A Box-Behnken design and multivariate analysis were performed, with three levels of irrigation, potassium fertilization, and foliar copper application (15 treatments). Virgin olive oil was extracted from fresh and frozen olives. Light frost caused a significant decrease in the total phenols and secoiridoid compounds in and the antioxidant capacity of the frost-affected oils, which were perceived as more pungent and had the slight defect of "frostbitten olives". According to the Box-Behnken design, an 86% reference evapotranspiration (ET0) or higher with 100 potassium oxide units (UK2O) and a 100% ET0 or higher with 250 UK2O would be required to minimize the effect of light frost on phenols and volatiles. Partial Least Squares Regression-Discriminant Analysis (PLS-DA) differentiated the virgin olive oils according to their ripening stage and fresh and frost conditions. Moreover, PLS-DA positively correlated a 75-100% ET0 and 0 Uk2O with the dialdehydic form of the decarboxymethyl ligstroside aglycone (p-HPEA-EDA), the dialdehydic form of the decarboxymethyl oleuropein aglycone (3,4-DHPEA-EDA), the dialdehydic form of the ligstroside aglycone (p-HPEA-EDA-DLA), and with fruity, pungent, and bitter attributes. Precision agronomic management based on the needs of the crop itself would avoid unnecessary stress on olive trees and oil damage.

Paddy management controls potassium release from minerals in purple soils after 40 years of cultivation

AbstractThis study explored the mechanisms underlying the release and transformation of potassium from potassium‐rich minerals in paddy soils derived from purple soils. While potassium is abundant in these minerals, it is typically insoluble and inaccessible to plants. The agricultural practices employed in paddy soils may activate insoluble mineral potassium, potentially reducing potassium fertilizer applications. The activation of mineral potassium not only helps alleviate the dependence on soluble potassium fertilizers in rice cultivation, but also contributes to enhancing food security and sustainable agricultural development. Despite these potential benefits, the transformation pathways of mineral potassium in paddy soils remain unclear, posing an important science question that requires further investigation. This study collected data from a long‐term fertilizer experiment of paddy soils derived from purple soils with abundant potassium‐rich minerals (1982–2019, rice‐wheat rotation). The results revealed that paddy management could drive the transformation of potassium in illite minerals in paddy soils and meet the long‐term growth needs of crops. Submergence reduction significantly increased the concentration of positive ions such as Fe2+ and Ca2+ and provided a pathway for the free movement of ions, promoting the substitution of these ions with interlayer potassium of minerals. This substitution and alternating reduction and oxidation conditions played an important role in the transformation of potassium in illite minerals. The study indicates the promising potential for using crushed illite rocks in rice paddies as a substitute for traditional potassium fertilizers.

Effect of Foliar Application of Potassium Fertilizer on Yield, Fruit Quality, and Cold Hardiness of Vitis spp. ‘Chambourcin’

ABSTRACT Temperate regions experiencing sub-zero temperatures negatively impact grapevine yield. Potassium has been claimed as a cryoprotectant to improve cold hardiness in grapevine. This study investigated the effect of foliar application of liquid potassium-based fertilizer, ReaXTM, on cold-hardiness of grapevine Vitis spp. “Chambourcin” along with its effect on yield and fruit quality. The vines were sprayed four to five times between the fruit set and veraison stage at a concentration of 1.5% (v/v) for two consecutive seasons. Petioles were analyzed for nutrients, clusters for yield and fruit quality, and cold hardiness was determined by differential thermal analysis and bud injury assessment. Potassium deficiency was observed in all treatments, and its content did not increase significantly in treated vines. Berry potassium levels and total soluble solids were generally higher in K-treated vines, however, there was no significant effect on yield and other fruit quality traits. Significant differences in cold hardiness levels were observed in both dormant seasons. Foliar application of potassium is a promising cultural practice to increase cold hardiness, but further studies are needed to understand the limits of its effectiveness.

Integration of anaerobic co-digestion of grass silage and cattle slurry within a livestock farming system in Ireland: Quantification of greenhouse gas emission reduction and nutrient flow

Pasture-based beef systems can provide cattle slurry and grass silage for anaerobic digestion (AD). However, sustainable production of these feedstocks within a livestock farm presents challenges. This study examined the farmland area required to provide slurry and grass silage for a 40 GWh biomethane plant, quantified greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions reduction and analyzed digestate management. Results indicated that 130 farms of 50 ha and a livestock unit (LU) of 2.1 LU/ha were required to meet the feedstock requirements of the AD plant. Assigning 15 % of the farmland to produce grass silage for AD decreased GHG emissions by 24 % compared to conventional beef farming. Depending on soil nutrient status, returning digestate to the farmland reduced the application of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium fertilizers by up to 65 %, 33 % and 56 %, respectively. Future research should analyze the economic implication of biomethane production from these feedstocks at farm and supply chain scales.

Correlations between tanshinones and soil factors of Salviae Miltiorrhizae Radix et Rhizoma from different producing areas

Soil nutrients and inorganic elements affect not only the growth and development of medicinal plants but also the formation and accumulation of active ingredients in traditional Chinese medicines. The content of tanshinones and 28 inorganic elements in Salviae Miltiorrhizae Radix et Rhizoma samples from 18 producing areas in 6 provinces was determined, and 35 physical and chemical properties of the corresponding soil samples were determined. The enrichment characteristics of inorganic elements in Salviae Miltiorrhizae Radix et Rhizoma were analyzed. The correlation analysis and stepwise regression analysis were performed to screen out the main soil factors affecting the content of tanshinones in Salviae Miltiorrhizae Radix et Rhizoma. The results showed that the content of tanshinones in the samples from different areas varied significantly, being the highest in the samples from Shandong, the second in the samples from Henan, and low in the samples from Shanxi and Sichuan. K, Mg, Ca, and Na were rich in Salviae Miltiorrhizae Radix et Rhizoma samples, among which Na and K had the highest enrichment coefficients. The results of correlation and regression analyses showed that soil K, Na, Ti, and total nitrogen were the main soil factors affecting the tanshinones in Salviae Miltiorrhizae Radix et Rhizoma. Specifically, the content of tanshinones was positively correlated with Ti and negatively correlated with Na, K, and total nitrogen in the soil. Therefore, during the planting of Salvia miltiorrhiza, the land should be selected with full consideration to the salinity and saline land should be avoided. Secondly, the application of nitrogen and potassium fertilizers can be appropriately reduced, and water-soluble elemental fertilizers for S. miltiorrhiza should be developed.

Agriculture Soil Nutrition Auto Sprayer

Modern agriculture demands precise management of soil nutrition to optimize crop yield and minimize resource wastage. This presents a smart agriculture solution that utilizes an NPK sensor to monitor and regulate the levels of essential nutrients - Nitrogen (N), Phosphorus (P), and Potassium (K) in soil. The system is designed to automatically adjust nutrient levels when they fall below optimal values. Integrating NPK sensors in agriculture soil nutrition management represents a significant advancement in precision farming. These sensors are designed to detect the levels of the essential nutrients in the soil accurately. When the nutrient levels fall below optimal thresholds, a signal is sent to open the corresponding solenoid valve, allowing for the precise application of Nitrogen, Phosphorus, and Potassium fertilizers. Solar panels are considered a clean energy source because they do not produce harmful emissions of greenhouse gases during electricity generation. They rely solely on sunlight, which is an abundant and renewable resource An LCD provides real-time information to farmers, offering insights into nutrient levels and helping them make informed decisions about fertilization.

Cotton cultivar response to potassium fertilizer under irrigated and dryland conditions

AbstractCotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) cultivars vary in their response to environmental factors. Recently, interest in cotton cultivars' response to varying potassium (K) fertilizer application rates and irrigation has increased. As such, the effect of cotton varieties (early and mid‐maturing), K fertilizer application rates, and irrigation on cotton growth, development, and yield were investigated in Starkville, MS, on two soil mapping units (SMUs): a Leeper silty clay loam (LSCL) and a Marietta fine sandy loam (MFSL). Cotton plant height was positively correlated with SMU, especially LSCL, reaching 60–110 cm on average, in both irrigated and rainfed conditions. Cotton lint yield, fiber quality, and leaf K concentration responded to K and irrigation, and these responses were SMU specific. Particularly, in LSCL, the early‐maturing cultivar, DP 1518 B2XF, responded to K application rate in a positive linear manner in terms of lint yield under both irrigated and rainfed conditions, whereas mid‐maturing DP 1646 B2XF did not. Moreover, lint yield in irrigated MFSL soil increased with K application rate, whereas no responses were observed in rainfed conditions. These data suggest that irrigation, SMU, and cultivar combination could have an impact on K response of cotton and should be considered when making fertility recommendations or decisions.

Relationship of potassium doses with bioethanol yield in sweet potato in Cerrado soil

Sweet potato-bioethanol yield was evaluated in response to potassium fertilizer application. Experiments were performed using a 5 × 2 factorial design in which factors included the amount of K2O applied to the soil, with five levels (0, 30, 60, 120, and 240 kg ha-1) and genotype, with two levels (industrial genotype BDGPI #25 and table genotype BDGPM #04). Root yield, root starch and soluble solid contents, bioethanol yield, and economic viability of potassium application for bioethanol production were evaluated. Potassium affected root yield of both genotypes, with the highest yield observed at 140 kg K2O ha-1. Root starch concentration at harvest depended on genotype potential rather than potassium dose. Soluble solid content in fresh roots was lower than that in cooked roots, in which case, maximum conversion efficiency was observed at 109,69 and at 123.75 kg K2O ha-1 for BDGPM#04 and BDGPI#25, respectively. Bioethanol yield reached 10,484 and 9,839 L ha-1 at 151.87 and 136 kg K2O ha-1 for BDGPI#25 and BDGPM#04, respectively. Genotype BDGPI#25 was more efficient than sugarcane in converting potassium to bioethanol at 151.87 kg K2O ha-1, producing 10,484.29 L of bioethanol. In turn, BGDPM#04 showed maximum conversion efficiency relative to sugarcane at 122 kg K2O ha-1.

Оценка питательности различных видов кормов, заготовленных из кукурузы, в зависимости от уровня химизации и почвенного покрова Республики Татарстан

It is known that from the same corn plant material one can prepare silage, cornage, flattened grain or grain for fodder. Each of them contains completely different amounts of nutrients and a wide range of gross feed units. The research results show a direct dependence of the choice of method of using corn on the zonal characteristics of the soil cover, the existing level of chemicalization and the power supply of agricultural units of the Republic of Tatarstan. It should also be particularly emphasized the high efficiency of the integrated use of agrochemicals on leached chernozems of the Republic of Tatarstan. Despite 5 years of liming, phosphorite treatment, the use of zeolite, and the application of NPK with the expectation of obtaining 35 t/ha of green mass, 10.6 t/ha of additional products were obtained, which is 34.6 percent higher than the control. In this version of the experiment, agromeliorants ensured the production of 41.2 t/ha of green mass versus 33.8 t/ha with the application of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium fertilizers without prior liming and phosphorite treatment in combination with the use of a prolongator (zeolite) at the rate of 0.5 t/ha. It was also revealed that for the production of flattened grain or cornage with a gross harvest of feed units of 7.94-8.82 t/ha on leached chernozem soils of the Republic of Tatarstan, which account for 83,103 hectares of arable land, the integrated use of agromeliorants and calculated norms of minerals for corn is recommended fertilizers Liming of acidic dark gray and gray forest soils with phosphorite treatment and the addition of zeolite in combination with the use of calculated rates of mineral fertilizers ensures an increase in the gross collection of feed units in corn silage from 4.22 to 6.13 and 3.34 to 5.86 t/ha respectively.

Effects of Various Potassium Fertilizer Dosages on Agronomic and Economic Assessment of Sweet Potato Fields

To explore the effects of various potassium fertilizer dosages on sweet potatoes, field experiments were conducted in 2018 and 2019 using a randomized block design. In the experiment, the control (completely blank, no fertilizer), KS0 (potassium blank, no potassium fertilizer), KS100 (100 kg K2O ha−1), KS200 (200 K2O ha−1), and KS300 (300 K2O ha−1) treatments were set up. The application of potassium fertilizer increased the potassium content of sweet potato plants, thereby increasing the chlorophyll content, net photosynthetic rate, and the fluorescence chlorophyll parameters. It also increased the amylose content in tuber roots to increase the total starch content and yield of sweet potatoes. Specifically, the KS200 treatment significantly improved the soil potassium content, potassium absorption, potassium agronomic efficiency, and potassium recovery efficiency. Compared with the other treatments, the yield and net profit of the KS200 treatment increased by 0.89–27.05% and 2.34–30%, respectively, on average, over two years. Based on factors such as sweet potato yield and starch content, the recommended amount of potassium fertilizer was 200 kg ha−1, which has significant economic benefits and theoretical value.

Analysis and Closing of the High-Production-Maize Yield Gap in the Semi-Arid Area of Northeast China

A mulched drip fertigation system is an effective way to improve maize yield, but at present, the efficiency of nutrient delivery and water use are generally low. Therefore, this study conducted optimization field experiments to identify the main factors limiting the delivery of water and fertilizer, including regulations on nitrogen (N) fertilizer, irrigation conditions, planting density and maize varieties, in the semi-arid area of Northeast China. As part of an effort to close the yield gap for maize, an optimized system (DS) for optimal crop, nutrient and water management was designed to improve the agronomic and economic performance of maize farming in the area. The application rate of N fertilizer was 240 kg ha−1; the base fertilizer was applied four times (once at the jointing stage, twice at the belling stage and once at the silking stage); the rates of application of phosphorus (P) and potassium (K) fertilizer were 90 kg P2O5 ha−1 and 90 kg K2O ha−1, respectively; the irrigation amount was 270 mm ha−1; the maize variety Fumin 985 was planted at a density of 80,000 plants ha−1 in DS; the grain yield of DS reached 13.8 Mg ha−1, 93% of the yield potential. DS yielded an economic benefit of 18,449 yuan ha−1, which was significantly higher than the economic benefit of 13,818 yuan ha−1 achieved under farmers’ practices (FP). Furthermore, the utilization rates of N, P, K, and water were significantly improved under DS. In conclusion, DS increased production potential, with high efficiency in nutrient delivery and water use and low losses of nutrients and water. The crop, fertilizer, and water management of DS provided a technological system to simultaneously improve crop production and resource-use efficiency in the semi-arid area of Northeast China.

Effect of polyhalite and muriate of potash on quality attributes of sugarcane (Saccharum officinarum L.) in Inceptisols

Polyhalite is a hydrated sulphate evaporate mineral containing potassium, sulphur, calcium and magnesium that crops require in significant quantities but has limited evaluation as a fertilizer for sugarcane.The sugarcane crop has a high demand for potassium for better quality. To keep the above facts in mind, the present experiment was conducted to evaluate the effect of polyhalite and muriate of potash (MOP) on the quality attributes of sugarcane var. Co 11015 (Atulya) in sandy loam soil at Arachalur, Erode district. The experiment was laid out in a randomized block design consisting of ten treatments. The treatment included were T1 –control, T2 - 50% K as MOP, T3 - 100% K as MOP, T4 - 100% K as Polyhalite, T5 - 100% K (1:1 ratio of Polyhalite and MOP), T6 - 100% K (1:3 ratio of Polyhalite and MOP), T7 - 150% K as MOP, T8 - 150% K as Polyhalite, T9 - 150% K (1:1 ratio of Polyhalite and MOP), T10 - 150% K (1:3 ratio of Polyhalite and MOP). The application of potassium fertilizers in different levels and ratios significantly (5%) influenced the quality attributes of sugarcane. The results of the experiment revealed that the application of 150% K (169.5 kg K2O ha-1) as polyhalite (T8) recorded maximum brix, pol, purity, CCS%, and extraction% and also this treatment was recorded minimum reducing sugar and fibre%. The present experiment would be helpful to sugarcane farmers for quality improvement through the application of polyhalite as a potassium fertilizer.

Mineral fertilizers for onions: a review

For the production of onions, first of all, the proper organization of its nutrition is necessary. Both its productivity and product quality depend on this. First of all, onion nutrition requires mineral fertilizers containing macronutrients such as nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium. The quality of onions, their physiology and productivity depend on the application of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium fertilizers, the need for which and the efficiency of use by plants vary depending on climatic factors, irrigation systems, varietal differences, soil and production conditions of cultivation in growing areas. This review examines in detail the effect of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium, as the main components of mineral nutrition, on the growth, physiology and yield of onion. The review includes various databases such as Google Scholar, PubMed, Science Direct, SciFinder, Web of Science, RSCI, etc., online sources (Research Gate, Springer Nature Open Access, Wiley Online Library, etc.) are used.

Optimum Nitrogen, Phosphorous, and Potassium Fertilizer Application Increased Chrysanthemum Growth and Quality by Reinforcing the Soil Microbial Community and Nutrient Cycling Function

Nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P), and potassium (K) are three macronutrients that are crucial in plant growth and development. Deficiency or excess of any or all directly decreases crop yield and quality. There is increasing awareness of the importance of rhizosphere microorganisms in plant growth, nutrient transportation, and nutrient uptake. Little is known about the influence of N, P, and K as nutrients for the optimal production of Chrysanthemum morifolium. In this study, a field experiment was performed to investigate the effects of N, P, and K on the growth, nutrient use efficiency, microbial diversity, and composition of C. morifolium. Significant relationships were evident between N application rates, C. morifolium nutrient use, and plant growth. The N distribution in plant locations decreased in the order of leaf > stem > root; the distributions were closely related to rates of N application. Total P fluctuated slightly during growth. No significant differences were found between total P in the roots, stems, and leaves of C. morifolium vegetative organs. Principle component analysis revealed that combinations of N, P, and K influenced soil nutrient properties through their indirect impact on operational taxonomic units, Shannon index, and abundance of predominant bacterial taxa. Treatment with N, P, and K (600, 120, and 80 mg·plant−1, respectively) significantly improved plant growth and quality and contributed to the bacterial richness and diversity more than other concentrations of N, P, and K. At the flowering time, the plant height, leaf fresh weight, root dry weight, stem and leaf dry weight were increased 10.6%, 19.0%, 40.4%, 27% and 34.0%, respectively, when compared to the CK. The optimal concentrations of N, P, and K had a positive indirect influence on the available soil nutrient content and efficiency of nutrient use by plants by increasing the abundance of Proteobacteria, decreasing the abundance of Actinobacteria, and enhancing the potential functions of nitrogen metabolism pathways. N, P, and K fertilization concentrations of 600, 120, and 80 mg·plant−1 were optimal for C. morifolium cultivation, which could change environmental niches and drive the evolution of the soil microbial community and diversity. Shifts in the composition of soil microbes and functional metabolism pathways, such as ABC transporters, nitrogen metabolism, porphyrin, and the metabolism of chlorophyll II, glyoxylate, and dicarboxylate, greatly affected soil nutrient cycling, with potential feedback on C. morifolium nutrient use efficiency and growth. These results provide new insights into the efficient cultivation and management of C. morifolium.

Fertility Indicators of Haplic Luvisol of a Sour Cherry Orchard Associated with Application of Nitrogen and Potassium Fertilizers

Fertility Indicators of Haplic Luvisol of a Sour Cherry Orchard Associated with Application of Nitrogen and Potassium Fertilizers

Optimal Planting Density and Nutrient Application of Soybeans: A Case Study in Northeastern China

In the context of the Chinese government’s policy guidance, there is black soil protection and ecological environment protection. The purpose of this paper is to solve the problem that the soil ecology of the black soil in Northeast China is changing year by year, and it is necessary to explore the sowing and fertilization strategy under the new situation; most Chinese growers rely excessively on their personal experience in the process of soybean sowing and fertilization. In this study, we used “Heihe 43” soybeans and used regression experimental design methods to analyze the effects of planting density, nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium fertilizer application on soybean yield and to determine the optimal planting density and fertilizer ratios. The study reveals that the optimal soybean planting density in Northeast China is 45.37 × 104 plants/ha, with nitrogen at 98.4 kg/ha, phosphorus at 218.96 kg/ha, and potash at 47.62 kg/ha. Under these conditions, soybean yields can reach 3816.67 kg/ha. This study can provide a theoretical method for decision-making to obtain the optimal planting density and fertilizer ratio for different regions of the farming system.

Применение удобрений на клещевине (результаты исследований во ВНИИМК) (обзор)

The researches conducted in the V.S. Pustovoit All-Russian Research Institute of Oil Crops showed that castor plant yield increased by 0.08–0.20 t/hа after fertilizers application on leached chernozem. The more effective dose of a primary fertilizer under castor is N40P60, which applied in autumn separately under the plowing. Higher doses of the fertilizers are less effective. Application of potassium fertilizers jointly with nitrogen-phosphorus ones in both typical (K40–45) and increased (K80–120) doses did not caused the yield increase of castor plant. Under application of the different doses of the nitrogen-phosphorous or full mineral fertilizers, oil content in castor seeds did not change significantly comparing with unfertilized control, and oil yield was determined by seed yield and increased by 0.06–0.09 t/hа. The local application of N20P30 during castor plant sowing proved the same level of yield comparing with the dose N40P60 – 1.73–1.74 t/hа. The local application of fertilizers during sowing is the most effective when placing the fertilizers strips in a distance of 2 cm sideways of the seeds. Against the backfilling into the soil of 6.2–6.6 t/hа of winter wheat residues, the application of mineral fertilizers under castor plant caused the increase of seed yield by 0.21–0.29 t/hа, oil yield – by 0.11–0.14 t/hа. The dependence of castor plant yield on nitrate nitrogen, mobile forms of phosphorous, and exchangeable potassium contents the in leached chernozem in spring was revealed. It is determined the castor plant does not react positively on the addi-tional fertilizer application when contents of mobile forms of phosphates and exchangeable potassium in a soil layer of 0–20 cm are equal to 26–28 mg/100 g (in the hood by Chirikov F.V.) and 31–32 mg/100 g (in the hood by Maslova А.L.), respectively, and content of nitrate nitrogen in a soil layer of 0–60 cm is more 17–18 mg/kg (by Grandval-Lyazhu).