Application Of Plasma Technology Research Articles

Industrial applications of plasma and fusion technologies in Japan

Industrial applications of plasma and fusion technologies in Japan

Plasma-aided manufacturing of ceramics and composite materials

Owing to the recent availability of plasma generating devices and their reliable performance, the applications of plasma technology in materials processing is rapidly increasing. In this paper, therefore, the progress of plasma technology in materials processing has been critically examined. Also, the experimental results of the authors' investigation of the sintering kinetics of A1203 and PSZ, with and without Al203, in the plasma environment have been presented and discussed. Alumina and partially stabilized Zr02, with and without A1203, have been sintered in a radio frequency induction coupled plasma system. The translation speed of the specimens through the plasma, power level, sintering additives and pressure into the reaction tube were investigated as the experimental variables to elucidate the sintering mechanism (s). Both A1203 and partially stabilized Y203-+-Zr02 rods have been sintered with final densities greater than 99.7% at a very high densification rate. The grain sizes of the sintered spec...

Considerations on plasma-assited thermal processes

Factors beneficial for large-scale industrial application of thermal plasma technology are considered. Combination of plasma heating as a technique to supply electric energy with a combustion of fossil fuels seems to be attractive, especially where both high temperature and reduction atmosphere are required. Low frequency and multielectrode plasma generators are considered to be helpful to solve the problem of the limited lifetime of generators. Examples of metallurgical processes where plasma heating and combustion constitute separate stages of the production line are given.

Developments in Plasma Processes for Extractive Metallurgy

With the recent availability of commercial plasma-generating devices capable of reliable performance at powers as high as 30 MW, the applications of plasma technology in high-temperature extractive metallurgy are rapidly increasing. Some of the more promising process developments are reviewed in this paper, as are newer reactor designs.

Application of thermodynamic and kinetic principles in the reduction of metal oxides by carbon in a plasma environment

The application of plasma technology to metal oxide reduction is discussed with reference to established thermodynamic and kinetic principles. ΔG°-T diagrams for the corresponding metal oxide, metal carbide, and C-CO reactions are presented and the important role played by thep CO/P CO 2 ratio examined. On the basis of these theoretical considerations, supported by some earlier experimental results conducted on the reduction of iron and chromium oxide concentrates in the form of taconite and chromite by carbon within a plasma reactor, the tendency to form either elemental metals or carbides is discussed. It is also suggested that the reduction of taconite by carbon takes place in two stages within the plasma medium. In the first stage, ferric oxide is reduced to wustite by carbon, and in the second stage wustite is reduced to metal. It is also postulated that in the first stage of reduction, ferric oxide may also be reduced to wustite through an exchange reaction between ferric oxide and iron, without CO evolution. The rate controlling step for the first stage of taconite reduction is thought to lie at the gas/slag interface generated within the plasma environment, while the second stage of reduction is controlled by carbon gasification by CO2.

Application of Low-Temparature Plasma Technology to Textile Processing Refer to Patents and Literature

Application of Low-Temparature Plasma Technology to Textile Processing Refer to Patents and Literature

Application of Plasma Technology in Iron and Steelmaking

The potential for the application of plasma technology in metal oxide reduction and in iron and steelmaking is outlined and discussed. Recent evolution and developments in the plasma-based reactors employed in the production of iron, steel, and ferroalloys have been reviewed; the current status is outlined in terms of process control, flexibility in the raw materials consumed, product quality, and energy conservation. The advantages and limitations of thermal plasma-based reactors have been critically outlined and their potential to seriously challenge the blast furnace/basic oxygen furnace steelmaking route is considered.

Potential, problems and innovations of plasma heat applications in the metallurgical industry

Abstract

The application of plasmas to high temperature reduction metallurgy

AbstractThis paper reviews the recent developments that have been achieved concerned with the application of plasma technology to the extraction and refining of metals.Various plasmareactors are discussed under the two main categories of transferred and nontransferred arcsystems.The advantages and limitations of each plasma reactor system and the potentzal for the appllcatlOn of plasma technology to reduction metallurgy in general are discussed

The industrial application of plasma technology for the production of fumed Silica

The industrial application of plasma chemistry is restricted for the time being to the use of a plasma torch as an efficient heat source for the production of existing chemicals. The techno-economic requirements for products suitable for plasma processing are outlined. There are only very few such processes at or near industrialization, such as the Tafa process for ZrO 2, the Noranda MoS 2 process and the Lonza process for fumed silica. Various types of plasma torches are evaluated according to such criteria as investment cost, efficiency, availability in industrial size, suitability for continuous operation and scale-up etc. The liquid-stabilized torch used in this work is described. The Lonza process for surface-active silica is based on the reduction of sand to silicon monoxide gas in a specially designed reactor, fired by a 200 kW alcohol-stabilized plasma torch. By direct oxidation of the SiO gas in a quench system it is possible to produce a surface-active product. At present the process has reached pilot plant scale and is being optimized. In comparison with the conventional process, based on the gas phase hydrolysis of silicon tetrachloride, the use of cheaper raw materials and the elimination of hydrogen chloride from the process lead to a cheaper process without ecological problems.

BOOK REVIEWS: Plasma Physics, Scientific Principles and Technological Applications

BOOK REVIEWS: Plasma Physics, Scientific Principles and Technological Applications