Application Of Phosphate-solubilizing Bacteria Research Articles

Phosphate-solubilizing bacterial activity and their effect to rice growth in acid sulphate soil

Efficiency of P fertilization in acid sulphate soil for rice cultivation can be improved by phosphate solubilizing bacteria (PSB) application. This study aims was to observe the capability of PSB disolved P insoluble and their effects on rice growth in acid sulphate soils at different level of P-fertilizer. PSB isolates namely P17.4.1, P17.4.2, P21.4.1 were observed their ability to dissolve tricalcium phosphate, aluminum phosphate and rock phosphate in liquid pikovskaya medium. The three PSB isolates were also examined for their effects on rice growth at different level of P-fertilizer (without fertilizer, 30 kg.ha−1. 45 kg.ha−1 and 60 kg.ha−1 P2O5) in pot experiment. The result showed that PSB were observed able to dissolve tricalcium phosphate and rock phosphate but were unable to dissolve aluminium phosphate. The pot experiment, showed that application of PSB and their interaction with P-fertilizer is not significantly influenced rice plant growth. Rice plant height and shoot dry weight are significantly influenced by application of P-fertilizer. The average of plant height in application P-fertilizer 30 kg.ha−1, 45 kg.ha−1 and 60 kg.ha−1 P2O5 increased 4.19 cm; 3.63 cm and 3.39 cm respectively compared with control. The shoot dry weight given 60 kg.ha−1 P2O5 increased by 52.13%.

Phosphate–solubilizing bacteria and silicon synergistically augment phosphorus (P) uptake by wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) plant fertilized with soluble or insoluble P source

Phosphorus (P) deficiency is one of the major problems in agricultural soils for crop production around the world. Use of silicon (Si) and phosphate–solubilizing bacteria (PSB) is known as one of the most effective and economical ways for increasing P availability and improving P use efficiency under low P conditions. However, little is known about the alleviative role of Si and PSB together in mitigating P–deficiency stress and in improving P use efficiency in Triticum aestivum L. (wheat), as one of the most important crop plants worldwide. Consequently, aim of the research was to study the combined and single effects of Si (0, 150, 300, and 600 mg kg−1 added as silicic acid) and PSB (B0, Bacillus simplex UT1, and Pseudomonas sp. FA1) on P uptake by wheat plant fertilized with soluble or insoluble P (Esfordi rock phosphate, RP) in a completely randomized design with factorial arrangement through a perlite potted experiment. In addition, the effects of various treatments on wheat shoot and root dry weight, activity of catalase, superoxide dismutase, and peroxidase enzymes, and the uptake of Si and potassium (K) by this plant were also investigated. Both shoot and root biomass of wheat plants were markedly reduced when grown in RP–fertilized medium compared with those grown in soluble P–fertilized medium. The PSB strains and Si levels independently improved all the aforementioned parameters. Application of Si to wheat plants grown in soluble P or insoluble P medium markedly enhanced P use efficiency. According to the results of this study, Si not only increased the uptake of P from sparingly soluble–P source (RP), but also enhanced uptake of P from water-soluble P source. Both Pseudomonas sp. FA1 and B. simplex UT1 showed a considerable role in improvement of root and shoot biomass and uptake of P (and K and Si) under both soluble and insoluble P fertilization conditions with Pseudomonas sp. FA1 being more effective than B. simplex UT1. However, the combined application of the PSB with Si resulted in the greatest enhancement in wheat plant P uptake and other measured parameters. Addition of 600 mg Si kg−1 and Pseudomonas sp. FA1 significantly increased the P shoot concentration of wheat plant fertilized with RP to an adequate level (>0.3%) in the range of P-fertilized plants. Therefore, in addition to PSB application, Si should be considered as soil amendment in agricultural soils deficient in plant available Si as a means of sustainable agriculture with respect to possible savings of scarce P resources (P–fertilizers). The information on the availability of P following PSB and Si addition to plant growth medium may help in better management of P fertilization.

Application of phosphate solubilizing bacteria in immobilization of Pb and Cd in soil.

In the present study, heavy metal (HM)-tolerant phosphate solubilizing bacteria (PSB) were isolated and their performance during the remediation of Pb and Cd in contaminated soil was studied. A total of 16 bacterial strains and one consortium were isolated, and the consortium had the highest phosphate solubilizing ability and HM tolerance. Great variations between the Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectra of consortium cells before and after adsorption of Pb2+ and Cd2+ revealed that amide I/amide II bonds and carboxyl on the cell surface were involved in binding of metal ions. High-throughput sequencing technique revealed that the consortium was composed of Enterobacter spp., Bacillus spp., and Lactococcus spp. The consortium was added into contaminated soil, and its potential ability in dissolution of phosphate from Ca3(PO4)2 and subsequent immobilization of HMs was tested. Results showed that when Ca3(PO4)2 was applied at 10.60mg/g soil, PSB addition significantly increased soil available phosphate content from 12.28 to 17.30mg/kg, thereby enhancing the immobilization rate of Pb and Cd from 69.95 to 80.76% and from 28.38 to 30.81%, respectively. Microcalorimetric analysis revealed that PSB addition significantly improved soil microbial activity, which was possibly related with the decreased HMs availability and the nutrient effect of the solubilized phosphate. The present study can provide a cost-effective and environmental-friendly strategy to remediate multiple HM-contaminated soils.

Effects of phosphate-solubilizing bacteria application on soil phosphorus availability in coal mining subsidence area in Shanxi

ABSTRACTThe effect of phosphate-solubilizing bacteria (PSB) application on phosphorus (P) availability in reclaimed soil in coal mining subsidence region was investigated. Seven treatments were carried out including control, chicken manure (CM), PSB, PSB + tricalcium phosphate (TCP), CM + TCP, PSB + ground phosphate rock (GPR) and CM + GPR. The results showed soil Olsen-P concentration and phosphatase level as well as the yield of pakchoi (Brassica chinensis L.) were significantly higher in PSB application treatments compared to the corresponding CM application treatments. Soil phosphatase, invertase and urease contents were increased most significantly in PSB treatment, 1.18-, 1.31- and 2.32-fold higher than those in the control, respectively. Soil Ca2-P, Ca8-P, Fe-P and Al-P concentrations exhibited the greatest increases in PSB + TCP treatment, while occluded-P showed minor changes in different treatments. Application of PSB fertilizer reduced the transformation of Olsen-P to Ca10-P, thus increasing P availability in reclaimed soil of coal mining subsidence area.

An optimized regulating method for composting phosphorus fractions transformation based on biochar addition and phosphate-solubilizing bacteria inoculation

The study was conducted to investigate the influence of biochar and/or phosphate-solubilizing bacteria (PSB) inoculants on microbial biomass, bacterial community composition and phosphorus (P) fractions during kitchen waste composting amended with rock phosphate (RP). There were distinct differences in the physic-chemical parameters, the proportion of P fractions and bacterial diversity in different treatments. The contribution of available P fractions increased during composting especially in the treatment with the addition of PSB and biochar. Redundancy analysis showed that bacterial compositions were significantly influenced by P content, inoculation and biochar. Variance partitioning further showed that synergy of inoculated PSB and indigenous bacterial communities and the joint effect between biochar and bacteria explained the largest two proportion of the variation in P fractions. Therefore, the combined application of PSB and biochar to improve the inoculation effect and an optimized regulating method were suggested based on the distribution of P fractions.

Phosphate-solubilizing bacteria-assisted phytoremediation of metalliferous soils: a review.

Heavy metal pollution of soils is of great concern. The presence of the toxic metal species above critical concentration not only harmfully affects human health but also the environment. Among existing strategies to remediate metal contaminates in soils, phytoremediation approach using metal accumulating plants is much convincing in terms of metal removal efficiency, but it has many limitations because of slow plant growth and decreased biomass owing to metal-induced stress. In addition, constrain of metal bioavailability in soils is the prime factor to restrict its applicability. Phytoremediation of metals in association with phosphate-solubilizing bacteria (PSB) considerably overcomes the practical drawbacks imposed by metal stress on plants. This review is an effort to describe mechanism of PSB in supporting and intensifying phytoremediation of heavy metals in soils and to address the developmental status of the current trend in application of PSB in this context.

Walnut growth and soil quality after inoculating soil containing rock phosphate with phosphate-solubilizing bacteria

Application of phosphate-solubilizing bacteria (PSB) has been shown to promote plant growth and development in the field and under controlled environmental conditions. The effects of PSB on microbial activity and soil quality are not well known. This study aims to determine the effect of inoculation with three PSB strains on the solubilization of rock phosphate (RP) in soil and growth promotion, nutrient uptake, photosynthetic capacity, and soil enzyme activities of 1-year-old walnut seedlings by using potted experiments with a completely randomized design under single or mixed inoculations. Inoculation with Pseudomonas aurantiaca or P. fluorescens significantly improved the plant height, shoot and root dry weight, phosphorus (P) and nitrogen (N) uptake, and net photosynthetic rate of walnut seedlings. Application of these two PSB strains also improved soil quality, as indicated by increased activities of dehydrogenase, neutral phosphatase, and urease in the soil. These increases were higher when PSB was applied together with RP. The most pronounced beneficial effects on plant growth and soil enzyme activities were observed when the three PSB strains were co-inoculated with RP. Bacillus cereus failed to promote plant growth. The results demonstrated that P. aurantiaca or P. fluorescens could be used as an environment-safe biofertilizer of walnut seedlings and other woody plants.

Glycine–Glomus–Phosphate Solubilizing Bacteria Interactions Lead to Fertilizer Phosphorus Economy in Soybean in a Himalayan Acid Alfisol

Effects of Glycine–Glomus–phosphate solubilizing bacteria (PSB) interactions were studied on productivity, nutrient dynamics, and root colonization in soybean in a phosphorus (P)–deficient Himalayan acidic Alfisol in a greenhouse experiment. Treatments consisted of three vesicular arbuscular mycorrhizae (VAM) cultures, VAML [VAM culture, Glomus mosseae, developed by CSK Himachal Pradesh Agricultural University, Palampur, India], VAMT [VAM culture, Glomus intraradices, developed by Centre for Mycorrhizal Research, The Energy and Resources Institute (TERI), New Delhi, India], and VAMI [VAM culture, Glomus mosseae, developed by Indian Agricultural Research Institute (IARI), New Delhi, India], and a local PSB culture (Pseudomonas striata) alone or in combination with or without 75% of recommended phosphorus pentoxide (P2O5) dose based on targeted yield concept following the soil-test crop response (STCR) precision model. Sole application of PSB or either of the above VAM cultures considerably enhanced VA-mycorrhizal root colonization and root weight besides crop productivity and nutrient uptake over control. A similar stimulatory effect with significant enhancement on mycorrhizal root colonization and root weight was observed with coinoculation of PSB and VAM cultures over the control. Dual inoculation of VAM and PSB cultures also resulted in significant improvement in grain and straw yield besides grain protein content, thereby revealing a synergistic interaction between VAM and PSB. Coinoculation with either of VAMT (Glomus intraradices) or VAMI (Glomus mosseae) + PSB + 75% P2O5 dose remained at par with sole application of 100% P2O5 dose with respect to crop productivity, nutrient content, nutrient uptake, and soil fertility status besides the greatest root colonization and root weight at flowering, indicating that Glycine–Glomus–PSB interactions in combination with 75% P2O5 dose based on STCR precision model lead to economization of fertilizer P by about one-fourth without impairing crop productivity and soil fertility in soybean in a Himalayan acidic Alfisol.

Evaluation of integrated nutrient management on boro rice in alluvial soil and its impacts upon growth, yield attributes, yield and soil nutrient status

A field trial was conducted during 2009 to 2011 to study the effect of inorganic fertilizer, vermicompost, phosphate solubilizing bacteria (PSB) and Azotobacter on the yield of boro rice (winter rice) and its impacts upon soil nutrient status and grain uptake. The highest yield attributes were recorded with full recommended dose of inorganic fertilizer along with vermicompost at 2.5 t ha−1, PSB and Azotobacter, which was at par with 75% of inorganic fertilizer along with vermicompost at 2.5 t ha−1 and PSB and Azotobacter. Application of PSB and Azotobacter significantly increased available phosphorus and nitrogen in soil. Uptake of micronutrients in grain was in the order of Fe > Mn > Zn > Cu. Micronutrient status in soil was also significantly influenced by the different doses of inorganic, organic and biofertilizers.

Phosphate solubilizers enhance NPK fertilizer use efficiency in rice and legume cultivation

It has been reported that phosphate solubilizing bacteria (PSB) are the most promising bacteria among the plant growth promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR); which may be used as biofertilizers for plant growth and nutrient use efficiency. Moreover, these soil micro-organisms play a significant role in regulating the dynamics of organic matter decomposition and the availability of plant nutrients such as nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P), potassium (K) and other nutrients. Through this study, the management of nutrient use efficiency by the application of PSB was targeted in order to make the applied nutrients more available to the plants in the rice (Oryza sativa) and yardlong bean (Vigna unguiculata) cultivation. Results have shown that the treatments with PSB alone or in the form of consortia of compatible strains with or without the external application of chemical NPK gave more germination index (G. I.) from 2.5 to 5 in rice and 2.7 to 4.8 in bean seeds. They also showed a higher growth in both shoot and root length and a higher biomass as compared to the control. This gives us an idea about the potentiality of these PSB strains and their application in rice and yardlong bean cultivation to get a better harvest index. Their use will also possibly reduce the nutrient runoff or leaching and increase in the use efficiency of the applied fertilizers. Thus, we can conclude that the NPK uptake and management can be improved by the use of PSB in rice and yardlong bean cultivation, and their application may be much more beneficial in the agricultural field.

Improving Phosphorus Use through Co-inoculation of Vesicular Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi and Phosphate-Solubilizing Bacteria in Maize in an Acidic Alfisol

Performance of three vesicular arbuscular mycorrhizal (VAM) fungi cultures and a phosphate-solubilizing bacteria (PSB) culture alone or in combination with or without 75% of the recommended P2O5 dose based on soil-test crop response model was examined in maize in a phosphorus (P)-deficient acidic Alfisol in a glasshouse pot experiment. Sole application of VAM besides co-inoculation with PSB (Pseudomonas striata) and inorganic P stimulated mycorrhizal root colonization. Sole application of PSB, VAMT (Glomus intraradices), and VAMI (Glomus mosseae) as well as co-inoculation of VAM with PSB significantly improved crop productivity besides grain protein content, thus indicating a synergistic interaction between VAM and PSB. Application of VAMT or VAMI + PSB + 75% P2O5 remained at par with sole application of 100% P2O5 dose with regard to productivity, nutrient uptake, and soil fertility status (particularly P), thus indicating economization of fertilizer P to the tune of about 25% without compromising crop productivity and soil fertility in an acidic Alfisol.

Performance of phosphate solubilizing bacteria for improving growth and yield of sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.) in the presence of phosphorus fertilizer

The ability of phosphate solubilizing bacteria (PSB) to convert insoluble forms of phosphorus to an accessible form is an important trait in sustainable farming for increasing plant yields. The beneficial effects of PSB on crop productivity have been widely described, but the use of PSB as biofertilizer is scarcely documented in sunflower. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of application of PSB, Bacillus M-13, with and without varying amounts of phosphorus (P) fertilizer on growth and yield of sunflower under field conditions. The PSB application was able to mobilize P efficiently in the sunflower and improved seed quality and oil yield. It also enhanced the head diameter, 1000 seed weight, kernel ratio and oil content and led to seed and oil yield increases of 15.0 and 24.7% over no application, respectively. However, when PSB was used in conjunction with P fertilizers, a much greater effect was observed. It was found that the highest seed yield of sunflower possible with 100 kg P2O5 ha-1 fertilizer was achieved with about 50 kg P2O5 ha-1 when used in conjunction with PSB. But the important effect of PSB on oil yield was noted at 100 kg P2O5 ha-1, possibly indicating increased PSB activity in the rhizosphere following PSB application and consequently by enhanced P solubilization as evidenced by the higher levels of P content of seed.

Improvement of Soil Chemistry Characteristic of Upland with Rock Phosphate, Phosphate-Solubilizing Bacteria and Farm Yard Manure For Increase of Soybean Yield

The experiment aims to know the role of rock phosphate, phosphate-solubilizing bacteria and farm yard manure application in improve quality of acid upland and its influence to soybean yield. Experiment was conducted in the greenhouse using Ultisols from Kentrong at 2001 year. Factorial experiment design with two factors was used in randomized complete block design with three replications. The first factors was rock phosphate dosages i.e. : 0; 30; 60; 90 kg P ha-1, and the second factor was combination of phosphate solubilizing bacteria (PSB) and farm yard manure (FYM) i.e. : without PSB and FYM (control); PSB (Pseudomonas fluorescens); FYM 10 t ha-1, and PSB+FYM. Results indicated that rock phosphate and combination of PSB and FYM application increased available P and decrase exchangeable Al of soils, increase nutrient uptake N, P, nodulation and grain yield of soybean. Application of phosphate solubilizing bacteria and farm yard manure combination with rock phosphate 30 kg P ha-1 dosages average increase grain yield soybean 23.5% compared with control. Grain yield of soybean 87% affected by variables of available P soils (X1), nutrient uptake N (X4) and P (X5), with multiple regression equation : Y = 0.241 + 0.03900 X1 + 0.00470 X4 + 0.04263 X5.