Application Of Organic Manure Research Articles

Assessing the Influence of Soil Physical Properties on the Puddling Quality: A Comprehensive Review

Puddling is a crucial step in rice cultivation, extensively practiced by farmers in Asia for its role in softening soil, aiding in transplanting, and enhancing water and nutrient management. However, the alteration of soil properties by puddling raises concerns about its long-term sustainability. This comprehensive review systematically examines the impact of puddling on soil parameters such as soil texture, bulk density, penetration resistance, hydraulic conductivity, puddling index, and percolation rate. By synthesizing existing literature, the review aims to inform sustainable agricultural practices and effective soil management strategies amidst escalating global concerns. The complexities of puddling's influence on soil structure underscore the need to consider variables like soil texture and aggregate stability. Sustainable practices such as organic manure application offer potential solutions to address puddling-induced compaction, thereby enhancing soil quality and rice production efficiency. Optimizing tillage methods and improving hydraulic conductivity are essential components of effective soil management strategies for sustainable rice cultivation. Additionally, assessing puddling quality through indices like the puddling index and optimizing percolation rates are vital steps toward improving water management and overall productivity in rice farming.

Performance of garden pea (Pisum sativum var. hortense) under different organic liquid manure applications in Eastern Plateau and Hill zone of India

Performance of garden pea (Pisum sativum var. hortense) under different organic liquid manure applications in Eastern Plateau and Hill zone of India

A Study on the Impacts of Fertilizer Crisis on Paddy Cultivation in Five Selected Divisional Secretariat Divisions of Trincomalee District During Maha 2021/22

Rice is one of the most important cereal crops in the world. With population growth, farmers have to increase paddy production to meet existing as well as future demand. Fertilizer is the major input in rice production. Growth and yield traits of rice are affected by improper and imbalanced application of plant nutrients. Hence, suitable practices of adequate rate and timing of fertilizer application are needed to increase the rice yield. In May 2021, Imports & Exports (Control) Regulation No 07 of 2021 was issued, banning the importation of chemical fertilizers, pesticides, & herbicides in Sri Lanka. Low fertility of paddy soil created the need for adequate and constant supply of chemical fertilizers in paddy cultivation, which is a major threat to production and endangers the national food security and economy of Sri Lanka, especially in the major cropping season of Maha 2021/22. Therefore, a questionnaire survey was conducted to investigate the impact of the fertilizer crisis in major paddy-cultivating Divisional Secretariat divisions of the Trincomalee district. The random sampling method was used to select respondents for the survey, and the collected data were statistically analyzed by SPSS version 26.0 software. The results revealed that the majority of the farmers experienced a 50% yield reduction compared to the last cropping season of Maha 2020/21 in the entire five DS divisions. The seedling stage was highly affected during the fertilizer crisis in paddy cultivation in all five DS divisions. Further, the cost of production in paddy cultivation increased by more than 50% during the fertilizer crisis compared to the cost involved in Maha 2020/21. The potential for organic manure production is very poor, while the majority of farmers are interested in adopting the sustainable farming system of the Integrated Plant Nutrient System through the judicious application of chemical and organic fertilizers received on a subsidy basis, according to the present government’s fertilizer policy, which emphasizes 70% of inorganic fertilizers and 30% of organic manure application to improve sustainability in paddy cultivation in the country.

Effect of Intercropping with Cowpea and Maize with Organic Manure Application on the Physiological Parameters

Intercropping involves cultivating two or more crops simultaneously in the same field, optimizing the use of land, water, light, and nutrients for higher yields compared to sole cropping. Organic manures, such as farmyard manure, poultry manure, oilseed cake, vermicompost, and bio-slurry, play a vital role in enhancing soil health by providing essential nutrients and supporting microbial populations. In contrast, excessive use of inorganic fertilizers can lead to environmental degradation. Present study explores the synergistic effects of intercropping and organic manure application on the physiological parameters of maize (Zea mays) and cowpea (Vigna unguiculata). Agricultural practices like intercropping optimize resource utilization and enhance overall productivity, especially in regions with limited water resources like Mizoram, India. These practices exhibit positive responds when combined with organic manure on soil health and yield attributes on crops. The experiment was laid out in randomized block design (RBD) with ten treatments replicated thrice. The result indicate that plants treated with Maize + Cowpea (2:1) + 50% of RDN (Recommended doses of Nitrogen) through Farm Yard Manure + 50% of RDN through Poultry Manure + Lime (200 kg ha-1), resulted in significantly maximum physiological parameters of the crops.

Effect of Fertigation and Organic Manure on Growth and Yield of Maize (Zea mays) in the Northern Region of Ghana

Food insecurity in Ghana is major challenge in the country, with a significant portion of the population (5%) facing the risk of inadequate access to food. Whilst there is food insecurity, agricultural productivity in the country is not increasing. Additionally, farming in Ghana especially in northern Ghana fully depends on rainfall. Also, farmers are faced with climate crisis such as drought and high temperatures which affects productivity. Alternative ways such as fertigation have been demonstrated to increase agricultural productivity in many parts of the world. However, this technique is under-utilized in Ghana. Therefore, this study was conducted to evaluate the effect of fertigation and organic manure on maize growth and yield production in Northern Region of Ghana. Organic manure (OM) mainly compost was incorporated in soil together with fertigation and the effects on maize plant growth parameters (i.e., plant height, number of leaves, stem girth) and yield (i.e., number of grains, number of wet and dry grains) were measured. The study found that maize plants treated with OM and fertigation application had significantly higher plant growth parameters and yield compared to maize plants that were not given OM but were manually fertilized. The results showed that the combined use of fertigation and OM application holds immense potential for enhancing maize plant growth and yield. By maximizing the growth and yield potential of maize plants through fertilization and OM application, farmers can address the growing demand for this vital crop while promoting sustainable and environmentally responsible agricultural practices.

Effect of Different Liquid Organic Manures on the Nutrient Release Pattern in Radish Grown Soil

The study of nutrient release patterns from various organic manures is critical for ensuring enough nutrient availability to crop plants at the right time and in the right quantity. To assess the nutrient release pattern from several organic manures, including farm yard manure, panchagavya and jeevamrutha, a field experiment was conducted at organic farming block of Zonal Agricultural Research Station, V. C. Farm, Mandya during late Kharif 2020. The experiment consists of 9 treatments including different rates of recommended dose of nitrogen was applied through FYM and one- and two-times application of panchagavya and jeevamrutha in different combinations. The experiment was laid out in a Randomized Block Design with three replications. The release pattern of available nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, calcium, magnesium, sulphur and micronutrients in soil applied with various organic manures at various days (15, 30, 45 DAS and at harvest). The study revealed that application of various organic manures showed substantial increase in primary (N, P and K) and secondary nutrient (S) release and there were no significant variations found in Ca, Mg, Fe, Mn, Cu and Zn release pattern. Based on the release rate of nutrients, it was found that there was consistent and stable release of N, P, K and S from 75% RDN through FYM + two time application of Panchagavya followed by 75% RDN through FYM + two time application of Jeevamrutha, compared to other treatments.

Organic amendments increased Chinese milk vetch symbiotic nitrogen fixation by enriching Mesorhizobium in rhizosphere.

Symbiotic nitrogen fixation of Chinese milk vetch (Astragalus sinicus L.) can fix nitrogen from the atmosphere and serve as an organic nitrogen source in agricultural ecosystems. Exogenous organic material application is a common practice of affecting symbiotic nitrogen fixation; however, the results of the regulation activities remain under discussion. Studies on the impact of organic amendments on symbiotic nitrogen fixation have focused on dissolved organic carbon content changes, whereas the impact on dissolved organic carbon composition and the underlying mechanism remain unclear. In situ pot experiments were carried out using soils from a 40-year-old field experiment platform to investigate symbiotic nitrogen fixation rate trends, dissolved organic carbon concentration and component, and diazotroph community structure in roots and in rhizosphere soils following long-term application of different exogenous organic substrates, i.e., green manure, green manure and pig manure, and green manure and rice straw. Remarkable increases in rate were observed in and when compared with that in green manure treatment, with the greatest enhancement observed in the treatment. Moreover, organic amendments, particularly pig manure application, altered diazotroph community composition in rhizosphere soils, therefore increasing the abundance of the host-specific genus Mesorhizobium. Furthermore, organic amendments influence the diazotroph communities through two primary mechanisms. Firstly, the components of dissolved organic carbon promote an increase in available iron, facilitated by the presence of humus substrates. Secondly, the elevated content of dissolved organic carbon and available iron expands the niche breadth of Mesorhizobium within the rhizosphere. Consequently, these alterations result in a modified diazotroph community within the rhizosphere, which in turn influences Mesorhizobium nodulation in the root and symbiotic nitrogen fixation rate. The results of the present study enhance our understanding of the impact of organic amendments on symbiotic nitrogen fixation and the underlying mechanism, highlighting the key role of dissolved organic carbon composition on diazotroph community composition in the rhizosphere.

Exploring the best nutrient management options for improving the maize yield for future climate change scenario with DSSAT crop simulation model in century old Permanent Manurial Experiment

Increasing the C sequestration potential and higher soil organic carbon stocks with the application of organic manures will reflect in the improvement of crop productivity. Long-term monitoring approach is essential to evaluate these impacts, especially given the escalating effects of climate change on agriculture. Recognizing this, a 112-year-long Permanent Manurial Experiment (PME) at Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Coimbatore, India, investigates the influence of application of organic manures. Utilizing the DSSAT crop simulation model, the study assessed the impact of organic manure, specifically NPK + FYM (Farm Yard Manure), on maize yield over 25 years on a sandy-loam Alfisol. Data collected from the field experiment including crop growth parameters, management options, weather, and soil data were used for simulations. Results showed a 93.8% agreement between simulated and observed yields, endorsing NPK + FYM treatment with a 20% increase in grain yield by 2032 compared to using 100% NPK alone. Furthermore, the study explored future climate change scenarios’ impact on maize yield. It highlighted that NPK + FYM consistently outperformed other treatments, emphasizing its efficacy in increasing the yields under changing climatic conditions. This approach emerges as promising for enhancing carbon sequestration, elevating soil organic carbon stocks, and significantly improving crop productivity. In conclusion, adopting the NPK + FYM treatment is recommended to achieve optimal maize yield outcomes, surpassing the effects of using NPK or FYM independently. This research signifies the potential of combining organic manures with synthetic fertilizers in sustainable agriculture amid evolving climate challenges.

Impact of long-term application of inorganic fertilizers and organic manure on wheat yield and available phosphorous contents in a vertisol under soybean-wheat cropping sequence

Impact of long-term application of inorganic fertilizers and organic manure on wheat yield and available phosphorous contents in a vertisol under soybean-wheat cropping sequence

Sustainable basmati rice yield and quality enhancement through long-term organic nutrient management in the Indo-Gangetic Plains

Context or problemThe extensive use of chemical fertilizers and pesticides in modern agriculture, particularly since the green revolution, has led to profound consequences for agricultural ecosystems. This approach, while initially boosting yields, has disrupted soil health, biodiversity, and environmental balance. Moreover, it contributes silently to global climate change by releasing greenhouse gases. These challenges underscore the urgent need for a shift towards sustainable agricultural practices to safeguard soil health, biodiversity, and human nutrition while mitigating the impacts of climate change. Objective or research questionThe primary objective of this study is to assess the impact of the long-term (seventeen years) application of organic nutrient management on the physicochemical properties of basmati rice soil and its nutritional quality. The study aims to understand the effectiveness of different organic nutrient management practices in mitigating the negative consequences associated with conventional agricultural practices. MethodsThe experiment used a strip-plot design with three replications, assigning two cropping systems (basmati rice-wheat-green gram and basmati rice-wheat-sesbania) to vertical strips. Seven nutrient management practices, including control, farmyard manure (FYM), vermicompost, farmyard manure + crop residues, vermicompost + crop residues, farmyard manure + crop residues + biofertilizers, and vermicompost + crop residues + biofertilizers [nitrogen-fixing Azospirillum, phosphorus-solubilizing bacteria (PSB), potassium-solubilizing bacteria (KSB), and a cellulolytic culture (Aspergillus awamori, Trichoderma viride, Phanerochaete chrysosporium, and Aspergillus wululens)] were applied to the horizontal strips. ResultsThe findings show that the cropping system with sesbania green manure significantly improved soil physicochemical attributes, nutritional content, and basmati rice yield compared to the green gram-based system. Continued application of organic manures, crop residues, and biofertilizers notably enhanced soil fertility, grain quality, and basmati rice productivity. The combined use of vermicompost, wheat residue, biofertilizers, and sesbania green manure treatment increased organic carbon content by 78.7% over the control, and soil available nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium by 38.3–54.9%, 57.6–143.8%, and 27.9–64.1%, respectively. Additionally, it augmented diethylenetriamine pentaacetic acid extractable iron, zinc, manganese, and copper content by up to 44.2%, 28.5%, 57.9%, and 71.0%, respectively. Co-application of the above organic sources also significantly enhanced grain and straw yields by 74.5–80.1% and 46.1–50.0%, respectively, compared to the control. ConclusionsEnhancing Basmati rice yield and quality in the Indo-Gangetic Plains can be sustainably achieved through sesbania green manuring and organic practices. Positive correlations with key soil parameters emphasize the significance of organic farming for long-term sustainability. Implications and significanceThe study suggests that adopting organic practices, including sesbania green manuring and combining organic inputs, can alleviate the adverse effects of conventional farming on soil health, biodiversity, and climate change. This aligns with the broader goal of establishing sustainable production and consumption in basmati rice-based cropping systems.

Combined Application of Inorganic Fertilizer and Organic Manure with Nano Urea on Growth and Yield of Scented Rice

Rice is a staple cereal grain for millions of the world population. Inorganic, organic and biofertilizer play crucial role in gaining higher production of scented rice. Excessive use of conventional fertilizer lowers the soil heath. Therefore, there is a need for such a technology which will be able to achieve higher sustainable production. Nano urea is a nano technology which can provide a way to bring down the minus of conventional fertilizers. Keeping these in view, present investigation entitled the combined application of inorganic fertilizer and organic manure with Nano urea on growth and yield of scented rice was carried out at Instructional farm unit, Krishi Nagar, JNKVV, Jabalpur during the rainy season of 2022 and 2023. Ten treatments combination was laid out in randomized block design with four replications. The results of present study revealed that application of 75% N through urea + Azospirillum @ 5 kg ha-1 + FS with Nano urea @ 4 ml litre-1 at active tillering (AT) and panicle initiation (PI) stage registered maximum plant height (113.44 and 107.52 cm, respectively), no. of tillers hill-1 (21.88 and 19.49, respectively) during both the years of experimentation. As regard to yield and yield attributes significantly maximum total no. of grains panicle-1 (81 and 78, respectively), panicle length (28.23 and 27.19 cm, respectively), grain (4780 and 4418 kg ha-1, respectively) and straw yield (6652 and 6432 kg ha-1, respectively) was recorded with the application of 75% N through urea + Azospirillum @ 5 kg ha-1 + FS with Nano urea @ 4 ml litre-1 at AT and PI stage during both the years of experimentation. Thus, the study suggests that trimming down the conventional fertilizer by using Nano urea and Azospirillum could help in gaining optimum yield. Also, combination of Nano urea with vermicompost and Azospirillum play important role in improving soil quality alongwith crop health.

Role of Different Fertilization on Growth, Yield and Quality Evaluation in Maize (Zea mays L.) and Cowpea (Vigna unguiculata L.) Intercropping

A field experiment had conducted during Zaid season 2022-2023. The experiment was conducted in split plot design and replicated thrice. The treatment in main plot consisted of three intercropping and in sub plots five different organic manures and different levels of fertilizers. Soil of the experiment field was clayey in texture had soil slightly alkaline, medium organic carbon (0.71%), low in available nitrogen (246.64 kg ha-1), medium in available phosphorous (21.6 kg ha-1) and high in available potassium (282 kg ha-1). A keen observation of data revealed that application of organic manures and different levels of fertilizers with intercropping both significantly influenced the growth parameters, yield parameters and yield, economic attributes like gross return, net return and B:C ratio was significantly maximum at IC2 maize + cowpea (2:1) with different organic manures and levels of fertilizers application F5 (50% RDF + 5 t FYM ha-1 + 2 t VC ha-1 + 2 t PM ha-1).

Effect of Organic Manure on Different Soil Properties: A Review

Organic manure application is a common practice in sustainable agriculture, with significant effect for soil health, fertility, and productivity. This review provides a comprehensive analysis of the effects of organic manure on various soil properties, including physical, chemical, and biological parameters. The review elucidates the complex interactions between organic manure and soil, highlighting the impacts on soil structure, nutrient availability, microbial activity, and overall soil health. Additionally, the review discusses the role of organic manure in mitigating soil degradation, enhancing crop productivity, and promoting sustainable agricultural practices. By understanding the diverse effects of organic manure on soil properties, farmers and policymakers can make informed decisions to improve soil management practices and ensure long-term agricultural sustainability.

Influence of Integrated Nutrient Management Practices on Soil Fertility and Yield of Fodder Maize in Chennai

Field experiments were conducted to study the influence of fodder maize (Zea mays L.) by adopting different bulky organic manures and fertilizer levels on the soil fertility status and fodder yield of maize. The study was conducted during rabi season of 2019 and 2020 at the Department of Agronomy, Madras Veterinary College, Chennai. An experiment was laid out in split plot design. Main plots consisted of different organic manure treatments viz., No manure, farm yard manure (25 t ha-1), vermicompost (12 t ha-1) and poultry manure (12 t ha-1). Sub plots consisted of varying level of fertilizer treatments viz., No fertilizer, 125% RDF, 100% RDF, 75% RDF. The blanket recommendation of fertilizer to fodder maize is 60 kg N ha-1: 40 kg P2O5 ha-1: 20 kg K2O ha-1. The organic manures were applied as per the N equivalent basis to inorganic nutrient recommendation. The results revealed that all the soil parameters, green and dry fodder yield were significantly affected with the application of organic manures and fertilizer levels. Organic sources of nutrients tended to improve soil physico-chemical properties viz., bulk density, water holding capacity, porosity and organic carbon. The highest organic carbon content was noticed with the application of poultry manure (0.50 %) followed by poultry manure. The post harvest available soil nutrients was high in fodder maize grown with poultry manure along with 125% recommended dose of inorganic fertilizer to fodder maize recorded higher soil available nitrogen (109.48 kg ha-1), phosphorus (15.46 kg ha-1) and potassium (118.65 kg ha-1). Significantly higher green and dry fodder yield of maize was recorded with application of poultry manure along with 75 % recommended dose of fertilizer. Hence, application of organic manures specifically poultry manure along with low level of fertilizer improved the soil fertility and thus increased the green fodder yield of maize.

Influence of Organic Manures and Foliar Application of Arka Citrus Special on the Growth of Buddlings of Sweet Orange

In India, citrus fruits rank third in area and production after Mango and Banana. A study was conducted at the Horticultural Research Station (HRS) Konda Mallepally, Nalgonda district during Rabi, November 2022 - April 2023. The study aimed to test the effects of organic manures and foliar application of Arka Citrus Special on the growth of sweet orange cv. Sathgudi buddlings. The experiment included fourteen treatments with three replications in RBD. It comprised three types of organic manures (FYM, Vermicompost, Neem cake) and Arka Citrus Special (micronutrient formulation). The application of organic manures and micronutrients showed significant differences in plant height (cm), number of leaves, and leaf area (cm2). During 30, 60, 90 and 120 days of observations, the maximum plant height (26.99 cm), stem diameter (1.23 mm), number of leaves (26.00), girth of the plant (19.5 mm), leaf area (11.70 cm2), internodal length (0.260 cm), absolute growth rate (0.42 cm /day) and relative growth rate (0.10 cm /cm /day).

Growth and Yield Attributes of Garlic as Influenced by Application of Organic Manure, Synthetic Fertilizers and Liquid Manure in Bundelkhand Region of India

A field experiment was conducted during 2022-23 at the Rajola Farm of the faculty of Agricultural Science, Mahatma Gandhi Chitrakoot Gramodaya Vishwavidyalaya Chitrakoot, Satna (M.P.) to study the Effect of Organic, Inorganic and Liquid Manure Sources of Nutrient on Growth Attributes and Yield Attributes of Garlic (Allium sativum L.). The experiment was laid out in Randomized complete Block Design (RCBD) with twelve treatments comprising different source of organic, Inorganic and Liquid manure which were replicated thrice. Among the different manures, application T12 50% FYM + 50% Vermicompost produced highest plant height (90 DAT) (59.15 cm) with comparatively good number of leaves plant-1 (20.33), average length of leaf (40.75 cm), neck thickness of bulb (9.88 mm), polar diameter (5.64 mm), equatorial diameter (5.78 mm), average weight of bulb (30.63 g), number of cloves bulb-1 (38.66), clove length (29.52 mm) and average weight of cloves (0.98 g). Maximum total yield of bulbs (131.15 q ha-1) was observed when T12 50% FYM + 50% Vermicompost Whereas, the minimum Growth Attributes and Yield Attributes of Garlic were recorded with T1 Control (Farmers Practices). The results showed that application of T12 50% FYM + 50% Vermicompost, proved to be a promising practice for yield enhancement of garlic in the Bundelkhand Region.

Unveiling the Potential of Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) Varietal Performance Evaluation through Organic Nutrient Management

Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) is second-most important food grain crop produced in India after rice. The Experiments was conducted during the Rabi season of the year 2020/21 at Instructional Research Farm, Krishi Nagar, Adhartal, Jawaharlal Nehru Krishi Vishwa Vidyalaya, Jabalpur (M.P.) to study the performance of different wheat varieties under organic nutrient management in Kymore Plateau and Satpura Hills Zone. The soil of the region favour high input intensive farming for producing a maximum yield per unit of land area. Frequent use of agrochemicals, such as fertilizers, pesticides, weedicides etc. and other techniques were extremely taxing, that depletes the physical, chemical, and biological properties of the soil and causing a considerably larger loss of nutrients than its replenishment. The standardization of organic manure application is the need of the hour to sustain crop productivity and soil health in the region. Selection of a variety plays a crucial role under organic farming as it has a direct effect on yield and economics of a crop than conventional farming. Organic farming requires regionally adapted varieties that are well suited to regional soil, climate, and production systems. The existing cultivars have to be appraised for the specific characteristics needed in organic farming. As a result, treatments consisted of twelve varieties of wheat viz., JW 17, JW 3020, JW 3173, JW 3269, JW 3288, C 306, HI 1500, HI 1531, HI 1418, HD 2987, HW 2004 and HD 4672 were tested in randomized complete block design with three replications. The highest grain yield of 3787 kg ha-1 recorded from JW 17 followed by varieties C 306 and JW 3269. While HI 1418 variety was the lowest yielder with a grain yield of 2796 kg ha-1 among all tested varieties. Thus, the performance of variety JW 17 was found superior concerning growth parameters, yield attributing characters and yield closely followed by varieties C 306, JW 3269 and JW 3288.

Optimizing Nutrient Uptake in Rice Crops through Integrated Organic Manure Application: A Comprehensive Analysis of Grain and Straw Composition

Rice (Oryza sativa L.) is the staple food of more than 60 percent of the world’s population and is considered the “global grain”. It is the main staple food in the Asia and the Pacific region. This study was conducted to ascertain the Impact of Various Treatment Combinations on the Nutrient Uptake of rice grains and straw. The field experiments were carried out at the research Farm of Acharya Narendra Deva University of Agriculture & Technology, Kumarganj, Ayodhya (U.P.) during Kharif, 2021-22. The experiment was laid out in randomized block design with 3 replications having 8 treatments. The eight treatments combinations were: T1(Absolute Control), T2 (Bio decomposed compost 1q/ha+50%RDF), T3 (Bio decomposed compost 1.5 q/ha+50%RDF), T4 (Bio decomposed compost 1q/ha+50% RDF + Root dipping with bio decomposed compost wash 10 ml/ lit of water), T5 (Bio decomposed compost 1.5 q/ha+50%RDF + Root dipping with bio decomposed wash 10 ml/lit of water), T6 (Bio decomposed compost 1q/ha+50%RDF+foliar application of bio decomposed compost wash of 10 ml/ lit of water), T7 (Bio decomposed compost 1.5 q/ha+50%RDF + foliar application of bio decomposed compost wash of 10 ml/ lit of water), T8 (100% RDF). As per findings, Nutrient uptake of N, P and K by grain of Rice varied from 44.32 kg ha-1 to 77.03 kg ha-1, 11.90 kg ha-1 to 20.85 kg ha-1, and 22.16 kg ha-1 to 45.17 kg ha-1. In Rice straw, N, P and K uptake varied from 20.16 kg ha-1 to 36 kg ha-1, 8.17 kg ha-1 to 15.62 kg ha-1, and 66.67 kg ha-1 to 100.55 kg ha-1. The application of organic manures significantly influenced nutrient uptake, attributed to enhanced photosynthesis, increased biomass, and improved nutrient availability. The findings align with previous research, emphasizing the positive impact of organic manure on nutrient uptake in rice crops. These studies contribute valuable insights into optimizing agricultural practices for enhanced nutrient management and sustainable crop production.

Long-term application of organic manures and chemical fertilizers improve the organic carbon and microbiological properties of soil under pearl millet-wheat cropping system in North-Western India

An on-going long term field experiment started in Rabi 1995 at the Research Farm of the Department of Soil Science, Chaudhary Charan Singh Haryana Agricultural University, Hisar, Haryana (India) under the pearl millet-wheat cropping system was selected to study the effect of long-term application of organic manures and fertilizers on soil organic carbon and microbiological properties. Highest soil organic carbon (SOC: 1.18 %), dissolved OC (DOC: 64.74 mg kg−1) content, microbial biomass C (MBC: 618.40 mg kg−1), dehydrogenase (DHA: 72.83 μg TPF g−1 24 hr−1), alkaline phosphatase (APA: 685.44 μg PNP g−1 soil hr−1) and aryl sulfatase (ASA: 12.56 μg PNP g−1 soil hr−1) activities were observed with the application of 15 Mg FYM+150 kg N+30 kg P2O5 ha−1. Integrated application of chemical fertilizers with pressmud showed superiority in the improvement of microbial biomass nitrogen (MBN: 73.73 mg kg−1) and urease activity (69.54 μg NH4+ g−1 hr−1) than FYM or poultry manure plus NP. Beneficial impacts of the sole application of organic manures on SOC, DOC, MBC content, DHA, APA, and ASA were found in order as: FYM > pressmud > poultry manure. Impacts of nutrient management practices on soil carbon fractions decreased with depth. Poultry manure application, either alone or in combination with NP fertilizers was inferior to FYM and pressmud. The SOC had a positive relationship with MBC (R2 = 0.95) and MBN (R2 = 0.75) and, also showed a highly positive and significant correlation with microbiological properties of soil. This dynamic equilibrium among soil properties indicated that the nutrient management practices that improve SOC could lead to improve soil fertility and accrued microbiological properties in these soils. This study revealed that conjuctive use of organic manures and chemical fertilizers have positive impact on soil fertility and microbiological properties as compared to sole application of organic manures or fertilizers; and among organic manures, FYM was superior to pressmud followed by poultry manure.

Long-Term Organic Manure Retarding Soil Acidity in the Double-Cropping Rice Field of Southern China

ABSTRACT This paper investigates the effects of different long-term (36 years) fertilizer treatments on soil pH, exchangeable acids, exchangeable base cation and cation exchange capacity (CEC) at 0–10 cm and 10–20 cm soil layers in a double-cropping rice field. The following fertilizer treatments were included: chemical fertilizer (MF), rice straw and chemical fertilizer (RF), 30% organic manure and 70% chemical fertilizer (OM), and without any fertilizer input as a control (CK). This result indicated that soil pH at 0–10 cm layer with RF and OM treatments was higher than that of MF and CK treatments. Soil exchangeable acidity content at 0–10 cm and 10–20 cm layers with RF and OM treatments were decreased by 48.4%, 51.6% and 49.2%, 54.2%, compared with CK treatment, respectively. Soil exchangeable calcium (Ca2+), magnesium (Mg2+) and potassium (K+) contents at 0–10 cm and 10–20 cm layers in paddy field with OM and RF treatments were higher than that of CK treatment. Moreover, compared with CK treatment, soil exchangeable base ion content at 0–10 cm and 10–20 cm layers in paddy field with OM treatment were increased by 54.1% and 42.6%, respectively. Soil CEC and effective cation exchange capacity (ECEC) at 0–10 cm and 10–20 cm layers with OM and RF treatments were significantly higher than that of MF and CK treatments. In conclusion, our results indicated that long-term application of crop residue or organic manure can improve soil exchangeable base ion and exchangeable capacity contents, alleviate soil acidity in a double-cropping paddy field.