Application Of Multi Research Articles

Mass spectrometry-based metabolomics study of nicotine exposure in THP-1 monocytes

The tobacco alkaloid nicotine is known for its activation of neuronal nicotinic acetylcholine receptors. Nicotine is consumed in different ways such as through conventional smoking, e-cigarettes, snuff or nicotine pouches. The use of snuff has been associated with several adverse health effects, such as inflammatory reactions of the oral mucosa and oral cavity cancer. We performed a metabolomic analysis of nicotine-exposed THP-1 human monocytes. Cells were exposed to 5 mM of the alkaloid for up to 4 h, and cell extracts and medium subjected to untargeted liquid chromatography high-resolution mass spectrometry. Raw data processing revealed 17 nicotine biotransformation products. Among these, cotinine and nornicotine were identified as the two major cellular biotransformation products. The application of multi- and univariate statistical analyses resulted in the annotation, up to a certain level of identification, of 12 compounds in the cell extracts and 13 compounds in the medium that were altered by nicotine exposure. Of these, four were verified as methylthioadenosine, cytosine, uric acid, and l-glutamate. Methylthioadenosine levels were affected in both cells and the medium, while cytosine, uric acid, and l-glutamate levels were affected in the medium only. The effects of smoking on the pathways involving these metabolites have been previously demonstrated in humans. Most of the other discriminating compounds, which were merely tentatively or not fully identified, were amino acids or amino acid derivatives. In conclusion, our preliminary data suggest that some of the potentially adverse effects related to smoking may also be expected when nicotine is consumed via snuff or nicotine pouches.

Operational tests of a small-sized farm multi-purpose vehicle

The paper deals with the issue of expanding the scope of application of small-sized farm multi-purpose vehicles in the production process. The authors focus on the risks associated with the use of this type of machines. The authors prove that application of small-sized farm multi- purpose vehicles is feasible in agricultural production. To increase the interest of agricultural producers in small-sized farm vehicles it is necessary to develop a system of reliable assessment and verification of their actual consumer properties. For this purpose, the authors have studied the existing normative and technical documentation related to the functioning of this type of machines, varieties of small-sized vehicles and electrically driven trackless vehicles. Based on the available documents, they arranged a list of necessary tests to fully evaluate the main consumer properties. The test set consisted of nine procedures, including both static and dynamic tests. The paper provides data on the developed and manufactured experimental sample of electric cargo tricycle used on farms. The tricycle served as an example for the cycle of tests carried out according to the developed list. The paper summarizes the results obtained. Particular attention is paid to longitudinal and lateral sliding and tipping stability tests, center of mass position and traction tests, as well as dynamic tests to determine speed and braking performance, the mileage on a single battery charge, and vibration loading when operating under various road and climatic conditions.

Multi-and many-objective optimization: present and future in de novo drug design.

de novo Drug Design (dnDD) aims to create new molecules that satisfy multiple conflicting objectives. Since several desired properties can be considered in the optimization process, dnDD is naturally categorized as a many-objective optimization problem (ManyOOP), where more than three objectives must be simultaneously optimized. However, a large number of objectives typically pose several challenges that affect the choice and the design of optimization methodologies. Herein, we cover the application of multi- and many-objective optimization methods, particularly those based on Evolutionary Computation and Machine Learning techniques, to enlighten their potential application in dnDD. Additionally, we comprehensively analyze how molecular properties used in the optimization process are applied as either objectives or constraints to the problem. Finally, we discuss future research in many-objective optimization for dnDD, highlighting two important possible impacts: i) its integration with the development of multi-target approaches to accelerate the discovery of innovative and more efficacious drug therapies and ii) its role as a catalyst for new developments in more fundamental and general methodological frameworks in the field.

A Case Study of De-Staging and Reverse Transformation of a IDH Mutated Malignant Metastatic Sarcoma to Benign Tumor and Complete Clinical Remission by Application of Multi Targeted Epigenetic Therapies

The evolution of spindle cell hemangiomas (SCH) to hemangiosarcomas is a phenomenon where although rare can occur. The fate of disease will certainly depend on its molecular behavior and as such clinical manifestation of the disease will depend on this transformation.

Multi-, Inter-, and Transdisciplinarity within the Public Health Workforce: A Scoping Review to Assess Definitions and Applications of Concepts.

In light of the current public health challenges, calls for more inter- and transdisciplinarity in the public health workforce are increasing, particularly to respond to complex and intersecting health challenges, such as those presented by the climate crisis, emerging infectious diseases, or military conflict. Although widely used, it is unclear how the concepts of multi-, inter-, and transdisciplinarity are applied with respect to the public health workforce. We conducted a scoping review and qualitative content analysis to provide an overview of how the concepts of multi-, inter-, and transdisciplinarity are defined and applied in the academic literature about the public health workforce. Of the 1957 records identified, 324 articles were included in the review. Of those, 193, 176, and 53 mentioned the concepts of multi-, inter-, and transdisciplinarity, respectively. Overall, 44 articles provided a definition. Whilst definitions of multidisciplinarity were scarce, definitions of inter- and transdisciplinarity were more common and richer, highlighting the aim of the collaboration and the blurring and dissolution of disciplinary boundaries. A better understanding of the application of multi-, inter-, and transdisciplinarity is an important step to implementing these concepts in practice, including in institutional structures, academic curricula, and approaches in tackling public health challenges.

Application of a multi-objective multi traveling salesperson problem with time windows

The pilgrimage to Mecca, which is called Hajj, is the largest annual pedestrian crowd management problem in the world. During the Hajj, the pilgrims are accommodated in camps. For safety reasons, exact times and directions are given to the pilgrims who are moving between holy sites. Despite the importance of complying with those schedules, violations can often be conjectured. Directing a small workforce between the camps to monitor the pilgrims’ compliance with the schedule is an important matter, which will be dealt with in this paper. A type of multi-objective multiple traveling salesperson optimization problem with time windows is introduced to generate the tours for the employees monitoring the flow of pilgrims at the campsite. Four objectives are being pursued: As many pilgrims as possible (1), should be visited with a preferably small workforce (2), the tours of the employees should be short (3) and employees should have short waiting times between visits (4). A goal programming, an enumeration, Augmecon2 and an interactive approach are developed. The topic of supported and non-supported efficient solutions is addressed by determining all efficient solutions with the enumeration approach. The suitability of the approaches is analyzed in a computational study, while using an actual data set of the Hajj season in 2015. For this application, the interactive approach has been identified as the most suitable approach to support the generation of an offer for the project.

Why do we need a multi-level approach to the analysis of Russian foreign policy? Role theory and the Ukraine crisis?

This article presents the main theoretical approaches to the analysis of Russian foreign policy and assesses their contributions. I argue that although Russia’s international behaviour has been broadly analysed, realism, liberalism, and constructivism leave much unexplained and do not pay enough attention to the understanding of Russia’s perceptions and interactions between domestic and foreign factors. As such, the application of multi- level frameworks is advocated and role theory is proposed as an alternative approach which unites individual and state levels through a focus on state’s top leadership. Furthermore, it is uniquely positioned to examine the interplay between foreign policy makers and the constraints imposed by domestic and international environment. In second part of the article role theory is applied to the Russian annexation of Crimea. The analysis shows that the leadership mainly saw Russia as an advocate of states’ sovereignty and defender of compatriots living abroad. The close examination of sources of these national role conceptions demonstrates that the combination of various external and internal as well as ideational and material factors influenced leaders’ perceptions of Russia’s duties and responsibilities and determined Russian foreign policy decisions during the Ukraine crisis.

Precision Nutrition and Childhood Obesity: A Scoping Review.

Environmental exposures such as nutrition during life stages with high developmental plasticity—in particular, the in utero period, infancy, childhood, and puberty—may have long-lasting influences on risk of chronic diseases, including obesity-related conditions that manifest as early as childhood. Yet, specific mechanisms underlying these relationships remain unclear. Here, we consider the study of ‘omics mechanisms, including nutrigenomics, epigenetics/epigenomics, and metabolomics, within a life course epidemiological framework to accomplish three objectives. First, we carried out a scoping review of population-based literature with a focus on studies that include ‘omics analyses during three sensitive periods during early life: in utero, infancy, and childhood. We elected to conduct a scoping review because the application of multi-‘omics and/or precision nutrition in childhood obesity prevention and treatment is relatively recent, and identifying knowledge gaps can expedite future research. Second, concomitant with the literature review, we discuss the relevance and plausibility of biological mechanisms that may underlie early origins of childhood obesity identified by studies to date. Finally, we identify current research limitations and future opportunities for application of multi-‘omics in precision nutrition/health practice.

ROLE OF 128-SLICE, DUAL-SOURCE CT CORONARY ANGIOGRAPHY AS A NOVEL IMAGING TECHNIQUE IN ASSESSMENT OF IN-STENT RESTENOSIS

Background: Over the past 35 years, catheter-based intervention has become the dominant form of coronary revascularization. Percutaneous coronary interventions are increasingly performed. The most important advance in the field of percutaneous coronary interventions was the introduction of coronary stent implantation in the 1990s, which led to reductions in incidence of restenosis. The use of multi–slice CT is gaining increasing acceptance for noninvasive cardiac imaging. Recent years with the new emerging machines have demonstrated successful application of multi–slice CT angiography for the noninvasive assessment of coronary artery disease and the evaluation of coronary artery stents.Aim of the Work: To evaluate the role of 128-slice, dual-source CT coronary angiography as a novel technique in assessment of coronary artery in-stent restenosis. Patients and Methods: This study included forty patients withprior coronary artery stent implantation. The mean age of the included patients was 58 with an age range between 40 and 73 years. A total of 42 coronary artery stents deployed within 40 patients were included in this study; and assessed by MSCT angiography and they underwent invasive coronary angiography as a gold standard for evaluation of the coronary artery stents. Results: In an overall view, MSCT angiography compared to the invasive coronary angiography as a gold standard technique gave us a sensitivity of 100%, a specificity of about 83.8 %, an accuracy of about 87.1%, positive predective value (PPV) is 61.5% and negative predective value (NPV) is 100% in the assessment of the patency ofthe coronary artery stents, taking into consideration proper standard CT angiography techniques in all cases.Conclusion: Our study helps to identify factors that influence the assessability of coronary artery stents by 128-slice dual source CT scanner, namely, stent type and diameter. It shows that under certain conditions, the detection of in-stent restenosis might be possible with an accuracy that could permit clinical applications, but the nonassessable stents do not allow the use of MSCT coronary angiography in unselected patients with implanted stents in coronary arteries. So that MSCT angiography as a noninvasive technique can be used for assessment of in-stent restenosis but patients must becarefully selected.

Comparison and application of interval multi- objective evolutionary algorithm based on preference

Comparison and application of interval multi- objective evolutionary algorithm based on preference

A Cross Examination of the Intention to Integrate MOOCs in Teaching and Learning: An Application of Multi- Group Invariance Analysis

This paper attempts to understand student teachers’ and practicing teachers’ integration of MOOCs in teaching and learning and build a model that pre-dicts the intention of integration of MOOCs among them. Five variables (performance expectancy (FE), effort expectancy (EE), social influence (SI), facilitating condition (FC) and behavioural intention(BI)) were selected to build a model for the study. Structural equation modelling (SEM) was used as the main technique for the data analysis. The suggested model was found reliable and valid, based on a self-reported survey of 135 student teachers and practicing teachers. Results showed that behavioural intention toward MOOCs was significantly explained by performance expectancy and facilitat-ing condition. Overall, of the four hypotheses, two were supported by the da-ta. Differences were, however, detected between student teachers and prac-ticing teachers in terms of SI and FC towards BI regards to MOOCs inten-tion of integration.

Web-based multi-criteria decision support system in screening and selection of priority projects for inclusion in agency’s annual budget proposal

This paper presents a developed web-based decision support system that implements a multi-criteria decision analysis, the Analytic Network Process (ANP) as modeling tool in screening and selection of agency’s priority projects for inclusion in annual budget proposal. Screening and selection of priority projects for inclusion in the annual budget proposal of the government is a complex decision-making that involves many stakeholders with con- flicting priorities and dynamic preferences, as well as limited technical information. Government decision making becomes more complicated because of the complexities carried by the people involved in the process, and other factors that contribute to balancing of political, technical, and economic considerations. The application of Multi- Criteria Decision Analysis (MCDA) methods for decision makers helps them facilitate the systematic treatment of information, inform those involved in the process, and come up with effective decisions in complex circumstances. Development of decision support system that implements MCDA tools such as ANP modeling techniques in screen- ing and selection of priority projects helps manage this complexity and makes decision-making efficient, effective, and transparent. The study used a pre-defined set of criteria identified during the progress of the study.

Investment Portfolio Formation Using Multi-criteria evaluation Method MULTIMOORA

Information that has to be analyzed by investors is complicated and can be interpreted differently by different people, which is why choosing what should be added to the investment portfolio is complicated task. Complexity grows substantially when there are more alternatives to choose from. Multi – criteria evaluation method can be used to choose the best alternatives. Multi–criteria evaluation method MULTIMOORA is not subjective because there is no need to decide ratio of any given variable that is evaluated. MULTIMOORA consists of: formation of ratio system, application of multi – criteria evaluation method as well as investment evaluation and ranking. Purpose of this article is to apply multi – criteria evaluation method MULTIMOORA for the formation and management of investment portfolio from stocks of the Baltic stock market companies. Methods used in the analysis for the article: analysis of scientific literature, statistical analysis, organization and comparison of data, idealization, calculations of MULTIMOORA.

Development of Infrared and Ultraviolet Detection Technology in Electric Power System

As countries increasing electricity demand, the power grid has been expanding. The security and stability of power system becomes extremely important. The traditional examination method cannot meet the demand of the existing. More and more testing methods have been appeared. This paper mainly introduces the development of infrared detection technology and UV detection technology in the power industry. The application of multi - channel detection technology is extended. Beyond that, the current research on multi-channel portable detection equipment and the development direction of the current power detection industry are introduced in this paper.

Application of Multi- Tier Applications Technology Datasnap in Designing a System of Automatic Segmentation and Recognition of Sppech Signal

Application of Multi- Tier Applications Technology Datasnap in Designing a System of Automatic Segmentation and Recognition of Sppech Signal

Evaluation of the Results Obtained from Microbiological Analysis of Blood Cultures over 5 Years

The infections caused by bacteria that reproduce in blood cultures are important medical problems that cause morbidity and mortality. The infections caused by resistant microorganisms are gradually increasing because of the patient’s long stay in hospital, invasive procedures, and application of multi and parenteral antibiotic treatment. The microorganisms that reproduced in the blood cultures of patients in different cultures between 2010-2015 in Diyarbakır Selahaddin Eyyübi State Hospital and the resistance of these microorganisms to antibiotics were assessed retrospectively. In the study, a total of 196 patients’ blood culture results were examined retrospectively. A total of 66.8% of the growth microorganisms (127) were composed of Gram positive cocci, 26.5% of them (52) were composed of Gram-negative bacilli and 6.7% of them (11) were composed of <i>Candida</i> spp. Among the reproduced microorganisms, coagulase negative staphylococci (CNS) were found to be 52.5% (103), <i>Staphylococcus aureus</i> to be 4.9% (9), <i>Acinetobacter</i> spp to be 7.3% (14), Escherichia coli to be 4.7% (9), Klebsiella spp to be 8.4% (16), Candida spp. to be 6.7% (11), Pseudomonas spp. to be 4.7% (9), <i>Enterococcus faecalis</i> to be 2% (4), <i>Micrococcus luteus</i> to be 2% (4), Kocuria kristinae to be 2.5% (5), Rhizobium radiobacter to be 0.5% (1), <i>Leuconostoc mesenteroides subsp. cremoris</i> to be 1% (1), Sphingomonas paucimobilis 0.5% (1), <i>Pantoea</i> spp. to be 0.5% (1), and <i>Stenotrophomonas maltophilia</i> to be 0.5% (1). The highest rate of resistance was found to be against meropenem, imipenem and ceftazidime in Acinetobacter spp with 80%, against ceftazidime in Klebsiella spp with 73.4%, against imipenem with 75%, against meropenem and ciprofloxacin with 62.5% in <i>Pseudomonas aeruginosa</i>, and against ceftriaxon, cefuroxime and cefuroxime axetil in <i>Escherichia coli</i> with 60%. Penicillin with 100% and tetracycline with 33.3% in <i>S. aureus</i>; penicillin with 97.6% and erythromycin with 82.1% were the antibiotics to which the highest resistance developed. While no resistance was determined against fusidic acid, trimethoprim sulfamethoxazole, linezolid, vancomycin, teicoplanin, and tigecycline in <i>S. aureus</i>, the resistance was not determined only against tigecycline and vancomycin in CNS. Fifty seven % of <i>S. aureus</i> strains and 83.8% of CNS strains were found to be resistant to methicillin. In our study, it is aimed to determine the mostly reproduced bacteria in blood samples as the result of blood circulation infections of patients staying in different clinics and to research their resistance profiles that developed against antibiotics retrospectively.

Multi-Objective Optimization Algorithm to the Analyses of Diabetes Disease Diagnosis

There is huge amount of data available in health industry which is found difficult in handing, hence mining of data is necessary to innovate the hidden patterns and their relevant features. Recently, many researchers have devoted to the study of using data mining on disease diagnosis. Mining bio-medical data is one of the predominant research area where evolutionary algorithms and clustering techniques are emphasized in diabetes disease diagnosis. Therefore, this research focuses on application of evolution clustering multi-objective optimization algorithm (ECMO) to analyze the data of patients suffering from diabetes disease. The main objective of this work is to maximize the prediction accuracy of cluster and computation efficiency along with minimum cost for data clustering. The experimental results prove that this application has attained maximum accuracy for dataset of Pima Indians Diabetes from UCI repository. In this way, by analyzing the three objectives, ECMO could achieve best Pareto fronts.

An investigation into the potential application of multi- and hyper-spectral remote sensing for weed-detection in the Free State Province of South Africa

No abstract available

The Application of Multi-Hypothesis Targets Algorithm in Track Association

Track association is an important role in torpedo anti- acoustic countermeasure. This paper put the multi-hypothesis targets algorithm which based on kalman filter theory into application of multi- targets track association. Data simulation experiment proved it that multi-hypothesis targets algorithm can effectively solve the measurement target data association problem .The target track can also be affirmed in short time

The application of multi- and hyperspectral remote sensing techniques in the assessment of stress factors in maize crops

The application of multi- and hyperspectral remote sensing techniques in the assessment of stress factors in maize crops Field-spectroscopy and satellite multi- and hyperspectral data is used to assess, map and quantify selected biophysical variables in maize crops. Field spectra will be collected from maize plants and selected weed-species to distinguish between crops and weeds based on spectral response. The research aims to stimulate precision agricultural activities in the South African maize industry.