Microprocessor Applications Research Articles

Microprocessor Based Traffic Light Controller

This paper describes one of the dedicated applications of microprocessors as the traffic light controller. The project model is fabricated to demonstrate a simulation study on traffic light control at a cross road junction based on Intel 8085 central processing unit (CPU). The model is provided with a facility of control lights (LEDs); (i) for straight traffic flow in North-South (N-S) and East-West (E-W) directions, (ii) for traffic flow in right and left turns, and (iii) for pedestrian crossings. The software for ‘normal mode’ and ‘bold mode’ have been developed. A buffer stage has been designed and assembled to use between I/O interface chip 8255 and LEDs. The work can be extended for, simultaneous multiple junction traffic control using the same CPU, traffic densities being monitored either by photo sensors or switch-board controls.

Book Review: Digital Electronics with Microprocessor Applications

Book Review: Digital Electronics with Microprocessor Applications

Robust Hybrid Adaptive Control

Abstract This paper presents an approach to desiqn a robust hybrid adaptive control scheme based on a reference model and measurements of continuous nature combined with discrete adjustment for the control parameters that makes it suitable for microprocessor application. Ihe approach is based on the augmentation of the controller structure by an integral feedback from the output error with a gain that is adaptively adjusted such that an asymptotically stable adaptive controller is produced to reject an output disturbance of polynomial type class. In case of disturbance removal the proposed controller would automatically drive the output error asymptotically to a zero value. Unlike the previously developed approaches, no apriori bounds on either the disturbance amplitude or the values of the controller parameters are needed to be known.

Education for Microprocessor Application in Control

Computers are extremely useful for a thorough control education. This is shown by providing some general information about their use and by describing three students' assignments in detail.

Microprocessor application to concrete crack depth measurement

This work investigates the possibility of utilizing the µp-8085 and its application to concrete crack depth evaluation. For the purpose of the nondestructive testing, ultrasonic pulses are of importance in assessing the quality of concrete as well as flaw detection and measurement. This will be useful in repairing concrete columns.

Book Review: Intelligent Instrumentation — Microprocessor Applications in Measurement and Control

Book Review: Intelligent Instrumentation — Microprocessor Applications in Measurement and Control

Application of an Apple IIe microprocessor for data acquisition and analysis in instrumental neutron activation analysis with a low energy photon detector : Labrecque, J.J. and P.A. Rosales, 1986. J. radioanalyt. nucl. Chem., (Articles)102(2):377–384. Internatl. Atomic Energy Agcy., P.O. Box 100, A-1400 Vienna, Austria.

Application of an Apple IIe microprocessor for data acquisition and analysis in instrumental neutron activation analysis with a low energy photon detector : Labrecque, J.J. and P.A. Rosales, 1986. J. radioanalyt. nucl. Chem., (Articles)102(2):377–384. Internatl. Atomic Energy Agcy., P.O. Box 100, A-1400 Vienna, Austria.

Fast and stable recursive algorithms for continuous-time and discrete-time model conversions

Based on the Newton-Raphson method, this paper presents recursive algorithms that are rapidly convergent and more stable for modeling the equivalent continuous-time (discrete-time) model from the available discrete-time (continuous-time) model for a fixed sampling period. The newly developed recursive algorithms relax the constraints imposed upon the existing model conversion algorithms, and, thus, enhance the applications of microprocessors and associated microelectronics to digital control systems. A practical example is presented to demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed procedures.

Application of an Apple IIe microprocessor for data acquisition and analysis in instrumental neutron activation analysis with a low energy photon detector

The determination of thirteen elements, eleven rare-earth elements (La, Ce, Nd, Sm, Eu, Gd, Tb, Ho, Tm, Tb and Lu), thorium and uranium were performed by instrumental neutron activation analysis for four geological reference materials (G-2, AGV-1, GSP-1 and SY-2) as well as our laboratory rare-earth standard. The analyses were performed using a low energy photon detector coupled to an Apple IIe microprocessor employed as a multichannel analyzer not only to collect the data but also for data analysis. Finally, based on this work we have proposed a simple, rapid routine method for the determination of eleven rare-earth elements, thorium and uranium in geological materials employing IVIC's RV-1 nuclear reactor.

The New Four-Wheel Anti-Lock Generation: A Compact Anti-Lock and Booster Aggregate and an Advanced Electronic Safety Concept

An overview is given on hydraulic anti-lock systems with direrent pedal characteristics, power supply concepts, and physical configurations suitable for ‘add-on’ installation or functional integration. The integrated Teves anti-skid system is presented with special attention to a three-circuit configuration including ‘dynamic’ brake circuits. Different safety levels of electronic concepts compared to the advanced Teves approach, and the application of microprocessors are discussed.

Software and languages for microprocessors

This paper forms the basis for lectures given at the 6th Summer School on Computing Techniques in Physics, organised by the Computational Physics group of the European Physics Society, and held at the Hotel Ski, Nové Město na Moravě, Czechoslovakia, on 17–26 September 1985. Various types of microprocessor applications are discussed and the main emphasis of the paper is devoted to ‘embedded’ systems, where the software development is not carried out on the target microprocessor. Some information is provided on the general characteristics of microprocessor hardware. Various types of microprocessor operating system are compared and contrasted. The selection of appropriate languages and software environments for use with microprocessors is discussed. Mechanisms for interworking between different languages, including reasonable error handling, are treated. The CERN developed cross-software suite for the Motorola 68000 family is described. Some remarks are made concerning program tools applicable to microprocessors. PILS, a Portable Interactive Language System, which can be interpreted or compiled for a range of microprocessors, is described in some detail, and the implementation techniques are discussed.

Best bits: Applications of microprocessors

Best bits: Applications of microprocessors

Scheduling Multiprocessor Tasks to Minimize Schedule Length

The problem considered in this paper is the deterministic scheduling of tasks on a set of identical processors. However, the model presented differs from the classical one by the requirement that certain tasks need more than one processor at a time for their processing. This assumption is especially justified in some microprocessor applications and its impact on the complexity of minimizing schedule length is studied. First we concentrate on the problem of nonpreemptive scheduling. In this case, polynomial-time algorithms exist only for unit processing times. We present two such algorithms of complexity O(n) for scheduling tasks requiring an arbitrary number of processors between 1 and k at a time where k is a fixed integer. The case for which k is not fixed is shown to be NP-complete. Next, the problem of preemptive scheduling of tasks of arbitrary length is studied. First an algorithm for scheduling tasks requiring one or k processors is presented. Its complexity depends linearly on the number of tasks. Then, the possibility of a linear programming formulation for the general case is analyzed.

Best bits: Applications of microprocessors

Best bits: Applications of microprocessors

Best bits: Applications of microprocessors

Best bits: Applications of microprocessors

Musical Applications of Microprocessors

Musical Applications of Microprocessors

A taxonomic classification of dedicated microprocessor applications

The principles and uses of taxonomic classification for dedicated microprocessor applications are discussed and a classification is proposed. A population of devices, produced by the author, is mapped into the classification schema and typical characteristics of devices used in particular applications are estimated. It is suggested that the taxonomically derived characters may be of value for expert system design programs and in producing more efficient designs for dedicated microprocessor applications.

Adoption Subsidies vs Information Provision as Instruments of Technology Policy

Our main concern in this paper' is to focus analytical attention on government policies which aim to influence the diffusion of technological innovations into actual use. This subject has been relatively neglected in recent discussions of technology policy which increasingly have centred on the first two parts of the Schumpeterian trilogy invention and innovation. Yet it would be difficult to exaggerate the significance of diffusion in the contexts which presently give rise to an interest in technology policy. What determines improvements in productivity and product quality, thereby enhancing economic welfare and the competitiveness of firms and industries, is not the rate of development of new technologies but the speed and extent of their application in commercial operations. However feasible the designs for new products and processes may be from an engineering standpoint, it is the prospects for diffusion which ultimately imparts economic value to this form of new knowledge. We have discussed elsewhere (Ireland and Stoneman (1984), David (1985)) how the generation and diffusion of new technology may be linked, but here we concentrate on diffusion per se. Governments have largely attempted to speed up the diffusion of new technologies. Two routes have been used. The first is by information provision policies, e.g. the Agricultural Extension Scheme in the United States and certain aspects of the Microprocessor Applications Programme in the United Kingdom. The second is by the use of subsidies, e.g. the favourable leasing terms offered to Japanese robot users. In this paper we are interested not only in whether such policies will speed up diffusion but also whether their impact is welfare improving, for as we argue below, there may be a limit to the desirable speed of take up of new technology. Our analysis is conducted within the framework of a model that integrates the two main prevailing theoretical approaches to diffusion (see Stoneman (1983)). The first approach is that diffusion is a reflection of the information propagation or learning process with firms adopting a technology as they come to learn of its existence. This literature has a strong tradition of using epidemic learning models which we follow below. The second approach allows that potential buyers of technology differ from each other in the benefits they

Microprocessor Applications in RTU Comunications And in Master Station Control

A description is given for recent microprocessor applications in Remote Terminal Unit (RTU) comunications and in master station equipment configuration control. The Communication Input Output Controller (CIOC) is used for RTU data acquisition and subsequent front end processing. With modular firmware, it can be programmed to handle arbitrary communication protocols and message structures. In communication with the CIOC is a Configuration Manager(CM). It monitors and controls the switching of major control equipment including the CIOC's. This enables either automatic or manually instructed substitution of spare items for failed items. Both the CIOC and the CM are microprocessor based. Integration testing of the applications has been conducted and satisfactory results have been obtained. Discussions are also given to indicate related future applications.

Microprocessor Applications in RTU Communications And in Master Station Control

Microprocessor Applications in RTU Communications And in Master Station Control