Application Of Membrane Separation Technology Research Articles

Application of Membrane Separation Technology in Electroplating Wastewater Treatment and Resource Recovery: A Review

The rapid development of industry has led to the generation of a large amount of electroplating wastewater. The direct discharge of untreated electroplating wastewater may lead to the formation of toxic metal-organic complexes, which is a challenging problem for human health and the living environment of organisms. Due to the high solubility of heavy metals in aquatic environments and their easy absorption by organisms, effective treatment of electroplating wastewater is of great significance. The ultimate goal of electroplating wastewater treatment should be to recover metals and water from electroplating wastewater. In indoor experiments, pilot tests, and industrial applications of electroplating wastewater treatment, membrane treatment technology commonly used in wastewater terminal treatment has attracted great attention. Membrane treatment technology seems to be the most promising method for removing heavy metals and organic pollutants from electroplating wastewater. This article reviews the membrane treatment technologies for electroplating wastewater, introduces the advantages and disadvantages of various membranes in the treatment of electroplating wastewater, the removal efficiency of pollutant types, and their comparison. The focus is on the treatment effects of nano-filtration membrane, ultra-filtration membrane, micro-filtration membrane, reverse osmosis membrane, ceramic membrane, biofilm, etc., on electroplating wastewater. Compared with a single treatment method, the combination of different processes shows higher efficiency in removing various pollutants.

Feasibility study on the separation and purification of sinomenine hydrochloride from Caulis sinomenii solution based on membrane ultrafiltration technology

The traditional preparation of sinomenine hydrochloride (SH) requires more chloroform and the steps are cumbersome. The use of membrane separation technology can solve the above problems. In this study, Box-Behnken design (BBD) was used to optimize the membrane separation and purification process of SH based on single factor experiments of feed temperatures, diafiltration washing volume, and molecular weight cut-off (MWCO) ranges, the optimized evaluation index is the permeability of SH through the membrane. In addition, to evaluate the effectiveness of membrane separation, the recovery rate of chloroform and the purity of crude SH were compared between traditional separation and purification methods and membrane separation techniques. Finally, the precipitate after extraction was recovered. The optimal process conditions determined are feed temperature of 46 °C, diafiltration washing volume of 75%, and MWCO range of 1 kDa to 150Da. Compared with traditional methods, the implementation of membrane separation can increase the recovery rate of chloroform by 10%. The application of membrane separation technology not only makes the extraction solution clearer, but also reduces the demand for organic solvents during the extraction process. Therefore, this method represents a green and environmentally friendly separation and purification method.

The Application of Membrane Separation Technology in the Pharmaceutical Industry.

With the advancement in membrane technology, membrane separation technology has been found increasingly widespread applications in the pharmaceutical industry. It is utilized in drug separation and purification, wastewater treatment, and the recycling of wastewater resources. This study summarizes the application history of membrane technology in the pharmaceutical industry, presents practical engineering examples of its applications, analyzes the various types of membrane technologies employed in the pharmaceutical sector, and finally, highlights the application cases of renowned international and Chinese membrane technology companies in the pharmaceutical field.

Research on Downhole Gas Separation Method Based on a PDMS Separation Membrane

Safe and efficient deep drilling is a fundamental requirement for the development of oil and gas resources. In this regard, the application of membrane separation technology for drilling fluid gas separation and monitoring is highly significant. In this study, several commonly used permeable membrane materials were analyzed, and a PDMS separation membrane was preliminarily selected as a suitable material for downhole gas separation. We designed an experimental setup to investigate the separation performance of PDMS membranes. The effects of the separation pressure difference, operating temperature, and membrane thickness on the performance of PDMS membranes were analyzed, and the microstructure changes in the PDMS membrane under high temperature and pressure were observed using a scanning electron microscopy. The experimental results showed that PDMS membranes with a thickness of 150–200 μm can work stably and maintain good strength and permeability at a separation pressure difference of 1.1 MPa and a temperature of 150 °C. The SEM observations revealed that the PDMS separation membrane had a smooth surface and uniform microstructure after continuous operations for 15 h under the temperature and pressure conditions, without any cracks, demonstrating high temperature and pressure resistance. These research results provide an important reference for the application of PDMS separation membranes in downhole gas separation technology.

Assessment of whole egg fractionation by tangential flow filtration: The problem of low-density lipoprotein aggregates

Eggs are a compelling source of bioactive compounds. Membrane separation is a green technology that allow components to be obtained while preserving their biological activity. The objective of this study was to assess the application of membrane separation technology to egg products. Whole egg plasma, egg yolk plasma and egg white were tangential flow filtrated evaluating the effect of the pore size and membrane materials. Transmission of dry matter and proteins from feed to filtrate was noticed in all the processes. Nevertheless, cholesterol and carotenoids were not detected at filtrates from 750 kDa to 0.2 µm when mixed ester or polyethersulfone were the membrane materials. The interactions between egg yolk and egg white components difficult the separation. Cholesterol was part of low-density lipoproteins. These lipoproteins together with carotenoids were filtrated with modified polyethersulfone at a minimum pore size of 0.2 µm. High uncertainty was obtained due to low-density lipoproteins aggregation. Three kinds of aggregates can justify these results: low-density lipoproteins aggregated themselves, low-density lipoproteins bound to ovomucin and other smaller egg white proteins (<750 kDa), and low-density lipoproteins bound only to smaller egg white proteins. The detected chelate effect of egg white proteins could be important in vivo. Therefore, research should be led to assess the influence of cooking method and digestion of the different egg components on the bioaccessibility of nutrients and the generation of bioactive peptides. Moreover, the filtration processes analysed herein may be useful techniques for liquid food matrix studies.

Green thermally induced phase separation (TIPS) process for braided tube reinforced polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) hollow fiber composite membranes with favorable bonding layer

BackgroundCurrently, membrane separation technology was used in the fields of water treatment, gas separation and electrodialysis. Among them, water treatment was still the main field of application of membrane separation technology, for example, in the treatment of industrial wastewater, membrane separation technology does not destroy or change the composition of wastewater during the treatment process, and valuable products can be recovered and used commercially. MethodsThe braided tube reinforced polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) hollow fiber composite membranes were successfully prepared by thermally induced phase separation (TIPS) method with no harmful diluent and additives (green preparation) based on concentric circle spinning process. Significant findingsThe membrane morphology was characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and confocal scanning microscopy (CSM). The effects of polyethylene oxide (PEO) content on the performance of the prepared hollow fiber membranes were investigated in terms of mechanical strength, pure water flux and bovine serum protein (BSA) rejection. The results showed that the addition of PEO promoted the phase separation process and inhibited the growth of PVDF spherical crystals. When the PEO content was 15wt%, the membrane has high pure water flux and excellent BSA rejection. In addition, the tensile strength of the reinforced hollow fiber membranes exceeded 100 MPa and exhibited favorable interfacial bonding.

Application of in-situ microbubble method on SEP@MnO2/RGO composite membrane for efficient and long-acting treatment of oil field wastewater

The treatment of oilfield wastewater has been a problem for oil workers for a long time. Indeed, it is economical, efficient and environmental friendly to treat oilfield wastewater with membrane. However, the contamination and stability of membrane limit the application of membranes. This study focuses on improving the long-term integrated treatment of oilfield wastewater by commercial PVDF membranes in different environments. Sepiolite(Sep)@MnO 2 composites were synthesized by hydrothermal method. SEP@MnO 2 and graphene oxide(GO) were left on the commercial PVDF membrane after vacuum filtration. Then the membrane was subjected to 120 vacuum thermal reduction. The prepared Sep@MnO 2 /RGO composite membrane showed good separation result and flux for different proportion of oilfield wastewater. Moreover, it can remove some common salt (NaCl,MgSO 4 , CaCl 2 , MgCl 2 ) and heavy metal ions (Ni 2+ , Fe 3+ , Cr 6+ ) in oilfield wastewater. Even more valuable, a few addition of H 2 O 2 to oilfield wastewater caused an oxidation reaction and the produced in situ microbubbles greatly enhance the antifouling property of the membrane. After 15 cleaning tests and 12 h of cycling, the membrane still showed strong separation ability. Compared with other oil-water separation membranes reported, this membrane demonstrated a longer and better separation effectively. All the work promotes the application of membrane separation technology in oilfield wastewater treatment. Hopefully, the application of in-situ microbubble method on membrane will solve the problem of membrane pollution in oilfield wastewater treatment. • The membrane can effectively treat the oil field wastewater with heavy metals and salts. • The application of in-situ bubble method on the membrane enhances the anti-fouling property of the membrane. • The membrane is qualified in a table and long-active treatment of oilfield wastewater.

Status and Trends of Membrane Technology for Wastewater Treatment: A Patent Analysis

Global access to clean water and sanitation has been broadly discussed in the context of the Sustainable Development Goals adopted by the United Nations. In this context, membrane technology has been increasingly applied with great success in wastewater treatment. Considering the relevance of patent information for understanding the current status and future trends of technologies, the patent filings on membrane technology for wastewater treatment in the period from 2011 to 2019 were analyzed. This study comprised a global analysis, aimed at determining the most general aspects, and a qualitative analysis, which consisted of a careful reading of the documents to assess technological statuses and trends. From a total of 7303 patent documents found on the topic, 488 documents were selected for the qualitative analysis. China, Japan and the United States play a leading role in the development of these technologies. Companies constitute the vast majority of the applicants. The focus of the inventions turned out to be: equipment, membranes, customized equipment/processes for specific wastewaters, fouling control and cleaning, combinations of technologies and sustainability. Finally, enhancements in the operational performance of the membrane separation equipment and the development of membrane materials with increased water flow and fouling resistance are found to be key factors to broaden the application of membrane separation technology in wastewater treatment.

Fabrication of FeOCl/MoS2 catalytic membranes for pollutant degradation and alleviating membrane fouling with peroxymonosulfate activation

The combination of advanced oxidation (AOPs) and membrane separation technology provides a prospect for catalyst recovery and alleviation of membrane fouling. Herein, we prepared FeOCl/MoS2 catalysts for activating peroxymonosulfate (PMS) by a simple partial thermal decomposition method. Then, the FeOCl/MoS2 was immobilized onto a polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) membrane coated by polydopamine (PDA) through vacuum filtration. FeOCl/MoS2 can remove 96.9% of rhodamine B (RhB) within 5 min. Notably, with a pH range from 3 to 9, FeOCl/MoS2 exhibited high catalytic efficiency. Besides, the surface hydrophilicity of the PVDF membrane was significantly improved by the modification. The flux recovery rate (FRR) of the modified membrane reached 97.6%, which was 42.7% higher than that of the pristine membrane. With dead-end filtration, 72.2% of the pollutants can be removed. After 5 runs, the fabricated FeOCl/MoS2 membrane displayed good stability and high efficiency. The analysis of the mechanism showed that adding MoS2 to FeOCl can promote the reduction of Fe3+ to Fe2+ through the oxidation of Mo4+ to Mo6+. The active species in this system were identified as SO4-•, •OH, O2-•, and 1O2. SO4-• and 1O2 were dominant. This research provides a new strategy for the development and application of membrane separation technology.

Preparation and Separation Properties of Electrospinning Modified Membrane with Ionic Liquid Terminating Polyimide/Polyvinylpyrrolidone@Polydopamine.

In this paper, superhydrophilic polyimide (PI) membranes were prepared using the electrostatic spinning method, capped with a hydrophilic ionic liquid (IL), and blended with polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP). Using this preparation, the surface of the fiber membranes was coated in polydopamine (PDA) by means of an in-growth method. Scanning electron micrographs showed prepared blend films can form continuous fibers, for whom the distributions of diameter and pore were uniform. Post-modification (carried out by adding hydrophilic substances), the ability of the membrane surface to adhere to water was also significantly improved. The water contact angle was reduced from 128.97 ± 3.86° in unmodified PI to 30.26 ± 2.16°. In addition, they displayed a good separation effect on emulsified oil/water mixtures. The membrane flux reached a maximum value of 290 L·m−2·h−1, with a maximum separation efficiency reached of more than 99%. After being recycled 10 times, the separation efficiency maintained a level exceeding 95%. The purpose of this study is to demonstrate the simplicity and efficiency of this experiment, thereby providing new ideas for the future application of membrane separation technology in wastewater treatment.

Bio-inspired mineral-hydrogel hybrid coating on hydrophobic PVDF membrane boosting oil/water emulsion separation

Membrane fouling is one of the difficult challenges that restrict the efficient application of membrane separation technology in oil/water separations. Hydrogel with strong hydration capability has been considered as an ideal material for preparing anti-oil-fouling coating for membranes. Although some hydrogel-based coatings have been developed for the membrane interface hydrophilization modification, controlling the morphology of gel layers and improving the flux of hydrogel coated membranes remains a difficult matter to resolve. In this study, we elegantly designed a new mineral-hydrogel coating with nanostructures to modify hydrophobic polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) microfiltration membranes by an alternate quaternary soaking strategy. Compared with the merely hydrogel-coated membrane, the pure water flux of novel mineral-hydrogel coating membrane increased by 214% and the permeation increased by 127% with the oil rejection rate of 99.6% at 0.4 bar. Most importantly, the newly-built mineral-hydrogel layer on porous support possessed excellent hydrophilicity, underwater super-oleophobic properties and superior anti-oil-fouling performance, which is greatly promising in oily sewage remediation. In addition, this mineral-hydrogel coating could also be constructed on other hydrophobic substrates successfully, such as commercial melamine resin. Our facile strategy for designing and constructing synergetic mineral-hydrogel architecture may also inspire other functional coatings with nanostructures.

Performance Evaluation of Polymeric Membrane Permeability Characteristics Using Different Aqueous Solutions

In the last decade the application of membrane separation technology is more increasing. The membrane in water purification and wastewater treatment is essential separation process used for water reclamation. The production of new membrane types with different permeable characteristics and performances allows them to be fitted in different membrane modules that can be used in the membrane filtration. The water characteristics are important for the membrane performance. It can seriously affect the permeability characteristics and increase the fouling on the membrane surface. In wastewater treatment, the characteristics of the aqueous influent can reduce the permeability of the membrane and the process efficiency of the membrane bioreactor (MBR). The aim of this paper is to explore the effect of different aqueous solutions on membrane permeability using dead end filtration process. For this purpose, NaCl solution with different concentration were prepared and the effect of the concentration polarization on the membrane was observed. The constructed membrane module was also tested with real water sample and the membrane permeability was analyzed. In this experiment a polymeric membrane produced from polyether sulphonate (PES), with diameter of 5.0 cm and pore size of 0.04 µm was assembled in a constructed module for dead-end filtration. The module was constructed in a way that would allow turbulence of the solution on the membrane surface. The following working parameters were examined: transmembrane pressure (TMP), the types of solutions, the working temperature, and the influence of agitation on the feeding to the specific membrane flux and permeability. The results showed that the membrane permeability is affected by the water organic and inorganic constituents and in the process of design of membrane reactor for wastewater treatment, the water composition should be taken in consideration.

Application of membrane separation technology in water treatment process

Water is the source of life. With the development of economy, China has paid more attention to water pollution and adopted a series of scientific solutions. Following the situation, membrane separation technology has made great progress in the research and application of water treatment. In this paper, the principle of membrane separation and the process of membrane separation are briefly introduced, and then the application of membrane separation technology in drinking water purification, industrial wastewater treatment and desalination engineering is introduced, and the discussion and summary are made according to the application.

Investigation of the antioxidant capacity of the components of Astragalus after membrane separation

Astragalus is commonly used in health supplements, and its flavonoids and saponins are the important material basis for immune system enhancement. The study on the effective component contents and antioxidant capacities of astragalus extract after membrane separation lays the foundation of the application of membrane separation technology in health supplement development. The astragalus extract was filtered by suction and passed through membranes of 10000 Da, 2500 Da, and 600 Da to obtain retentate 1 (M1), retentate 2 (M2), retentate 3 (M3) and permeate MT. UV/vis spectrophotometer was used to compare the contents of total flavonoids and total saponins before and after each step of membrane separation. High performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) was used to analyze the contents of Verbasil Glucoside and Astragaloside IV of all membrane separation samples, and the antioxidant activities were determined. The contents of flavonoids in membrane separation samples were significantly different. In the freeze-dried powders obtained from the membrane separation, the contents of total flavonoids and Verbasil Glucoside were the lowest in MT, M1 was the highest, and M3 was the second highest. The order of contents of total saponins and Astragaloside IV of the freeze-dried powders from membrane separation was as follows: M3 &gt; M1 &gt; M2 &gt; MT. Among them, the content of total saponins in the freeze-dried powder of M3 was the highest, which reached 2.67 times of that of the astragalus extract. The order of the scavenging activities of membrane separation samples for DPPH free radical was: MT &gt; M3 &gt; M2 &gt; M1 &gt; astragalus extract. The strongest scavenging activity of hydroxyl free radicals was found in M3, and the scavenging rates of hydroxyl free radicals in all samples were higher than those of VC. The total antioxidant capacity of FRAP showed a certain dose-effect relationship. At the same concentration, the FRAP values of M1 and MT were higher than other samples. Membrane separation technology can be used to separate and purify the effective components from astragalus extract. M3 has the highest contents of the total flavonoids and total saponins, and its antioxidant capacity is better than that of astragalus extract and other samples obtained by membrane separation.

Membrane Separation as a Cleaner Processing Technology for Natural Raw Rubber Processing

Natural rubber (NR) processing had long been a process utilizing a lot of water, discharging effluent with high organic load, creating waste and malodour. In the wake of global consciousness about environment and the scarcity of water, the NR processing, raw as well as rubber product manufacturing need to be reengineered and made environmentally and economically viable. In view of this, Malaysian Rubber Board (MRB) created a paradigm shift in raw rubber processing by investigating the use of membrane separation technology to overcome some of its pertinent problems. This paper outlines the use of membrane separation technology as an alternative method to promote cleaner processing and to extract useful biochemical as a value–added product. References were made to the current R&amp;D projects as well as give an overview of the projects that could be undertaken in the near future so as to make NR industry to be environmentally friendly and economically viable and to achieve a zero discharge through the application of membrane separation technology.

Application of Membrane Separation Technology in Downstream Processing of Bacillus thuringiensis Biopesticide: A Review

Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) has been extensively used in biopesticidal formulations due to its safe environmental and human health records. The widespread use of Bt is often challenged by production as well as formulation costs which are in direct contact with downstream processing, i.e. the separation/purification step. Downstream separation/purification efficacy governs the marketability of a product by affecting potency and aiding in further processing during formulation development. Separation/purification of Bt from fermentation broth is a crucial link between production and application and dictates economy, longer shelf life after formulation, ease of application and enhanced field efficacy. There are various methods like chemical precipitation, centrifugation and etc. which impede the efficacy of Bt recovery; however, all of them have their own limitations and drawbacks. In this regard, membrane separation technology has been recently introduced for downstream processing of the Bt biopesticide. This article comprehensively reviews recent advances in downstream processing of Bt based biopesticides incorporating the effect of different membranes and membrane processes.

Application of membrane separation technology in postcombustion carbon dioxide capture process

Membrane separation technology is a possible breakthrough in post-combustion carbon dioxide capture process. This review first focuses on the requirements for CO2 separation membrane, and then outlines the existing competitive materials, promising preparation methods and processes to achieve desirable CO2 selectivity and permeability. A particular emphasis is addressed on polyimides, poly (ethylene oxide), mixed-matrix membrane, thermally-rearranged polymer, fixed site carrier membrane, ionic liquid membrane and electrodialysis process. The advantages and drawbacks of each of materials and methods are discussed. Research threads and methodology of CO2 separation membrane and the key issue in this area are concluded

Wastewater Treatment of Palm Oil Mill Effluent (POME) by Ultrafiltration Membrane Separation Technique Coupled with Adsorption Treatment as Pre-treatment

The application of membrane separation technology coupled with adsorption treatment (pre-treatment) can be effective means of treating palm oil mill effluent (POME).The pre-treatment process was done by stirring the raw palm oil mill effluent (POME) with 0.20 g/L of palm kernel shell-based activated carbon (PKS-AC) in 35.94 min with stirring speed 39.82 rpm and able to reduce 71.26% of suspended solid. Ultrafiltration membrane separation was subsequently applied for further treatment of POME. From a random observation on the result, it was found that at pressure 2 bar with 600 rpm speed and pH 8 obtained lower dissolved solid (123.70 mg/L) and turbidity (4.50 NTU) concentration.

Application of Membrane Separation Technology for Developing Novel Dairy Food Ingredients

In several processing industries, separation of different components from a mixture is an important unit operation. Sometimes the separated component is an important product, and in some instances it is a waste product. There is a variety of technologies available for use in separations, each operating based on physical and chemical properties of the mixture. One of the fundamental separation processes that brought about a major change in processing of dairy co-product streams is membrane separation technology. Membrane separations work on the basis of differences in size and shape of the molecules. Today dairy industry accounts for major share in the total membrane area installed in food processing, accounting for about 300,000 square meters of membrane area installed worldwide. R everse Osmosis (RO), Nanofiltration (NF), Ultrafiltration (UF) and Microfiltration (MF) processes have been in use in the dairy industry for about 4-5 decades. Each of these processes is used for specific application. The phenomenal growth in the application of membrane separation technology in the dairy processing brought into focus the need for novel membranes and processes that enable production of new dairy based ingredients. Now-a-days wide pore UF process is used to develop α-Lactalbumin enriched protein products, loose NF process is used to recover and purify Oligosaccharides, high pressure UF process is used to replace the conventional NF process used for concentrating dairy product streams. In the present paper, new developments in the application of membrane separation in the dairy industry are presented along with the experimental data from the research conducted by the authors.

Application of membrane distillation for ethanol recovery during fuel ethanol production

The economic competitiveness of fuel ethanol in comparison with fossil fuels depends on the effective lowering of costs on each step of the process. One of the most promising methods seems to be the application of membrane separation technology. In this study, the focus is on improvement of brewer's wort fermentation. For this purpose, the membrane distillation process for ethanol recovery was implemented. The experimental system consisted of a bioreactor equipped with a capillary polypropylene microfiltration unit. Yeast cells’ count and viability, assimilation of sugars, production of ethanol and fermentation of by-products (glycerol and lactic acid) were monitored during fermentations. The intercellular trehalose as well as Hsp70 and Hsp104 heat shock proteins contents were determined. It was concluded that membrane distillation can be regarded as a straightforward method, which leads to an increase in ethanol production by facilitation of the continuous process, more complete fermentation of sugars, lowering the osmotic pressure in the fermentation broth, decreasing glycerol synthesis level and increasing yeast cells’ number and viability.