Application Of Magnesium Research Articles

Gestational and Hormonal Effects on Magnesium Sulfate\u2019s Ability to Inhibit Mouse Uterine Contractility

Magnesium sulfate is used as a tocolytic, but clinical efficacy has been seriously questioned. Our objective was to use controlled ex vivo conditions and known pregnancy stages, to investigate how 2 key factors, hormones and gestation, affect magnesium’s tocolytic ability. We hypothesized that these factors could underlie the varying clinical findings around magnesium’s efficacy. Myometrial strips were obtained from nonpregnant (n = 10), mid-pregnant (n = 12), and term-pregnant (n = 11) mouse uterus. The strips were mounted in organ baths superfused with oxygenated physiological saline at pH 7.4 and 37 °C. The effect of different concentrations of MgSO4 (2-20 mM) was examined on spontaneous and oxytocin-induced (0.5-1 nM) contractions. Contractile properties (amplitude, frequency, and area under the curve) were measured before and after application of magnesium. Magnesium sulfate had a dose-dependent inhibitory effect on both spontaneous and oxytocin-induced contractions but was less effective in the presence of oxytocin. In spontaneous contractions, magnesium was more potent as gestation progressed (P < .0001). In the presence of oxytocin, however, there were no significant gestational differences in its effects on contraction. The rapid onset and reversal of magnesium’s effects suggest an extracellular action on calcium entry. Taken together, we conclude that magnesium’s actions are influenced by both gestational state and hormones, such that, at least in mice, it is least effective in early gestation with oxytocin present and most effective at term in the absence of oxytocin. That magnesium is least effective preterm and oxytocin decreases its effectiveness throughout gestation, may explain its disappointing clinical effects as a tocolytic.

A study on drill machining for Magnesium alloy using Taguchi method

Magnesium is one the very important material light weight, especially in the field of the vehicle component, and the field of biomedical. Application of material magnesium and its alloy in the field of biomedical based on the magnesium characteristics which look very much like the nature of biocompatibility of bones in man and melted down within the body. Application material magnesium are also many developed by means of grown (implant). Magnesium alloy material has some of the more in the chemical nature and physics, but in the machining process a magnesium alloy known as combustible metal material type, especially during the machining process at high speed. The optimizing of machining process is necessary in order to maintain for not chip burning. In this research, the point angle, lubricant and drilling parameter were analysed to know their influence on the value of surface roughness, cylindricity and perpendicularity. On this research analysis support for new carried out using a Taguchi Method L18 consisting of 3 factors with 3 levels and 1 factors with 2 levels. The research results show that surface roughness is influenced by the significant contributions from the point angle 18.9 % and lubricant 14.5 %, where the point angle is 650 with lubricant of synthetic oil. The emergence of a nose radius tendency resulting in the increasing level subtlety. Cylindricity is influenced by an point angle 450 of the drilling process however, especially if there is an interactions of the feeding of 0.2 mm/rev and synthetic lubricant. The cutting edge accuracy led to a tangential force so that had an impact on their rotation stability and the cylindricity of drilling results. The value of perpendicularity of magnesium AZ31 in the drilling process however also carried out similar procedures are very much influenced by the cutting parameter of feeding that produces the significance of p = 0,044, while the strongest significance will be happened if there were an interaction between feeding of 0,1 mm and synthetic lubricant to p = 0.041.

Application of Magnesium and its Alloys in Biodegradable Vascular Stent

Biodegradable vascular stent is mainly made of materials that can be naturally decomposed. Magnesium and its alloys have excellent mechanical properties and biocompatibility. The vascular stent made of magnesium and its alloys has the unique advantages of strength of metal scaffolds and bioabsorbability of degradable polymer scaffolds. Due to the special microenvironment inside the blood vessels, the stent should have good resistance against corrosion. After implantation of metal materials for human tissue repair, the surface oxidation film spontaneously formed in the air will react with the human physiological environment. The nature of the interface between materials and tissues will have a certain impact on the corrosion resistance of metals and the degree of metal ion release, thus determining the biocompatibility of materials.

Changes of plant biomass partitioning, tissue nutrients and carbohydrates status in magnesium-deficient banana seedlings and remedy potential by foliar application of magnesium

Magnesium (Mg) is involved in many biochemical and physiological processes affecting plant growth and development. Although Mg deficiency is a widespread problem in banana production, detailed study of physiological responses to Mg deficiency in banana crops is lacking. Here, we characterized plant biomass partitioning, tissue nutrient distribution and carbohydrates status of banana seedlings grown under sufficient and deficient Mg supply. We also studied the potential of remedying Mg deficiency by foliar application of Mg. Mg deficiency severely decreased plant growth, especially biomass partitioning from rhizome to root and led to a reduction of root/shoot dry weight ratio. Under Mg deficiency, plant Mg status was reduced but the concentrations of N, P and K were increased in most tissues. Mg deficiency caused an overall reduction in tissue glucose and fructose contents, and accumulation of sucrose, amylose and amylopectin in leaves. Sucrose, amylose and amylopectin contents were however reduced in pseudostem, rhizome and root of plants with Mg deficiency. Foliar application of Mg to Mg-deficient plants completely recovered banana plant growth, nutrients and carbohydrates status.

Novel aircraft Mg-Y-Gd-Ca alloys with high ignition temperature and suppressed flammability

The ban by the Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) of application of magnesium in aircraft cabins was lifted under the condition that the used materials have to fulfill the requirements for the ignition tests. This work proposes the novel Mg-2Y-2Gd-1Ca alloy with a small amount of Y, Gd and Ca as main alloying elements. Superior ignition temperature of 1100 °C was determined for this alloy. Analysis of the oxide layers revealed the presence of Y2O3, CaO, Gd2O3, and MgO in oxide layers which were observed to significantly suppress ignition compared to the pure Mg.

Influence of methods and stage of application of zinc, magnesium and boron on yield attributes, yield and micronutrients uptake of cotton in rainfed alfisols

A research experiment was conducted on cotton during kharif 2015 and 2016 at Regional Agricultural Research Station (RARS), Warangal (Telangana) “To study the Influence of methods and stage of application of zinc, magnesium and boron on yield attributes, yield and micronutrients uptake of cotton in rainfed alfisols”. Pooled results indicated that, foliar application of ZnSO4 @ 0.2% at 30 days, ZnSO4 + Borax @ 0.2% each at 45 days, Borax @ 0.2% + MgSO4 @ 1% at 60 days and MgSO4 @ 1% at 75 days after sowing along with soil application of recommended dose of fertilisers (RDF) recorded significantly higher sympodial branches, number of bolls per plant, seed cotton yield i.e 21.90, 43, 2811 kg ha-1, respectively over other treatments. However, significantly higher Zn, Cu, Fe and Mn uptake i.e 191, 54.14, 2861 and 172 g ha-1, respectively were found with foliar application of ZnSO4 @ 0.2% at 30 days, ZnSO4 + Borax @ 0.2% each at 45 days, Borax @ 0.2% + MgSO4 @ 1% at 60 days and MgSO4 @ 1% at 75 days after sowing along with soil application of recommended dose of fertilisers.

Improvement of Magnesium and Calcium Deficiency in Patients with Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease Associated with Undifferentiated Connective Tissue Disease

The objective of the research was to study the effectiveness of course application of magnesium and calcium-containing drugs on the background of conventional therapy on the changes in the content of macronutrients in red blood cells and the activity of matrix metalloproteinase - 9 in the patients with a co-existence of undifferentiated connective tissue disease and gastroesophageal reflux disease.&#x0D; Materials and Methods. All 75 patients with gastroesophageal reflux disease associated with undifferentiated connective tissue disease were divided into three groups: Group I included 25 patients who received Magne-B6 at a dose of 2 tablets 3 times a day in addition to the standard background therapy with “Panocid” at a dose of 40mg once a day; Group II comprised 25 patients who received “Ca-D3 Nycomed” at a dose of 1 tablet 3 times a day in addition to the standard background therapy; Group III included 25 patients who received a combination of “Magne-B6” and “Ca-D3 Nycomed” in addition to the standard background therapy. &#x0D; Results. In Group I, the proposed complex therapy resulted in a significant increase in Mg2+ by 40.9%. Mg2+ dynamics was less significant in Group II; this index reached the level of 17.9 ± 2.04 µg/g (р"˃0.05); in its turn, Ca2+ level increased to 80.6 ± 2.12 μg/g (p"&lt;0.05) in these patients. Mg2+ and Ca2+ indices showed the most significant positive dynamics in Group III: 21.52 ± 2.47 μg/g (р"&lt;0.05) and 102.7±1.37 µg/g, respectively. After combination treatment, we traced the dynamics of changes in the level of matrix metalloproteinase - 9: it decreased by 39.45% in Group I, by 35.3% in Group II, by 53.18% in Group III and reached the level of 1689.266 ± 14.89 pg/ml, approaching the indicators of the control group.&#x0D; Сonclusions. Based on the data obtained, it can be argued that simultaneous addition of “Magne-B6” and “Ca-D3 Nikomed” to the standard therapy for gastroesophageal reflux disease in the patients with undifferentiated connective tissue disease contributed to a significant decrease in the level of matrix metalloproteinase-9 resulting in reduced degradation and increasing synthesis of new connective tissue components.

Corrosion behavior and cytocompatibility of nanostructured hydroxyapatite hydrothermally grown on porous MgO coatings with different P contents on magnesium

Clinical application of magnesium (Mg) in bone reconstruction has been hindered owing to its high degradation rate in physiological environment. Surface modification by the strategy combining micro-arc oxidation (MAO) and hydrothermal treatment (HT) to prepare a composite coating (MAO-HT) and improve its corrosion resistance has been proved an effective method. In this work, Mg was micro-arc oxidized in electrolyte with different Na3PO4 contents, and subsequently hydrothermally treated in Ca(NO3)2 solution. The results show that hydroxyapatite (HA) can be fabricated on MAO coating after HT for 4 h. The HA shows nano-flake morphology when P content in the MAO coating is low (12.1 at%), while nano-particle morphology is observed when the P content is high (20.0 at %). Electrochemical tests reveal an improved corrosion resistance of MAO-HT coatings than corresponding MAO coatings. In vitro biological tests indicate that MAO-HT coatings are more favorable for MG63 cells proliferation than MAO coatings. Especially, Nano-flake HA/MAO composite coating shows the highest corrosion resistance and cytocomatibility thus is promising as biomedical coatings of Mg.

In-situ synthesis of Mg2Ni-Ce6O11 catalyst for improvement of hydrogen storage in magnesium

To decrease the hydrogen sorption temperature and increase the hydrogen sorption rate is important for the practical application of magnesium for hydrogen storage. The binary nano-catalysts Mg2Ni and Ce6O11 with oxygen vacancy defects was in-situ synthesized on Mg surface via the hydrogen activation of Mg-Ni-CeO2. The hydrogen storage material Mg-20Ni-CeO2 can release 4.19 wt% H2 in 5 min at 320 °C, which is significantly higher than that of Mg with 10 wt% Ni (3.44 wt% H2) or 10 wt% CeO2 (0.34 wt% H2). The peak temperature and apparent activation energy for hydrogen desorption of Mg-20Ni-CeO2 are reduced by 115.8 °C and 63.89 kJ/mol respectively comparing with that without catalyst. Structural analysis suggests that Mg2Ni and Ce6O11 can be in-situ synthesized on Mg surface, which shows a synergistic catalysis for hydrogen storage. During H2 absorption, the oxygen vacancy defects on Ce6O11 surface can trap H2 molecules, while the Mg2Ni on Mg/Mg2Ni interface can promote H2 dissociation. For H2 desorption, the Mg2Ni can weaken the Mg-H bond and act as “hydrogen pump” to transfer H for H2 formation with the assistance of Ce3+/Ce4+ transformation in Ce6O11. The results of this study provide a new horizon for a novel binary catalyst design for hydrogen storage.

An Overview of the Recent Developments in Metal Matrix Nanocomposites Reinforced by Graphene.

Two-dimensional graphene plateletes with unique mechanical, electrical and thermo-physical properties could attract more attention for their employed as reinforcements in the production of new metal matrix nanocomposites (MMNCs), due to superior characteristics, such as being lightweight, high strength and high performance. Over the last years, due to the rapid advances of nanotechnology, increasing demand for the development of advanced MMNCs for various applications, such as structural engineering and functional device applications, has been generated. The purpose of this work is to review recent research into the development in the powder-based production, property characterization and application of magnesium, aluminum, copper, nickel, titanium and iron matrix nanocomposites reinforced with graphene. These include a comparison between the properties of graphene and another well-known carbonaceous reinforcement (carbon nanotube), following by powder-based processing strategies of MMNCs above, their mechanical and tribological properties and their electrical and thermal conductivities. The effects of graphene distribution in the metal matrices and the types of interfacial bonding are also discussed. Fundamentals and the structure–property relationship of such novel nanocomposites have also been discussed and reported.

Application of Layered Double Magnesium–Aluminum Oxides for the Purification of Aqueous Solutions from Dyes

The possibility of purifying aqueous solutions from dyes with the use of layered double magnesium–aluminum oxides is studied. Using stamp ink as an example, it has been demonstrated that the complete recovery of dye from the solution is attained at the time of contact between the liquid (L) and solid (S) phases of 120 min and S : L = 1 : 25. The same complete recovery of dye from the aqueous solution is attained upon repeated contact between the stamp-ink solution and the solid phase of the sorbent containing stamp ink. No desorption of dye from the sorbent into the aqueous solution is observed after 120 min of contact.

Lithium-Incorporated Nanoporous Coating Formed by Micro Arc Oxidation (MAO) on Magnesium Alloy with Improved Corrosion Resistance, Angiogenesis and Osseointegration.

Magnesium is an attractive candidate for orthopedic implants due to its similar mechanical properties to human bone and biodegradability. However, the high corrosion rate of magnesium accompanying with high pH value and poor osteogenic activity hinder its further application. In this study, we employed micro arc oxidation (MAO) to improve corrosion resistance by introduce nanoporous coating on AZ91 magnesium. Meanwhile, we added lithium, an angiogenic and osteogenic element, to the coating (named as Li-MAO) by reaction in a lithium-containing electrolyte to simultaneously enhance angiogenic and osteogenic activity of AZ91. The favorable corrosion resistance of Li-MAO was verified by electrochemical and immersion test in vitro. Better biocompatibility was observed in Li-MAO samples by cell counting kit-8 (CCK-8) and live/dead assay. The in vitro results of immunofluorescence staining, Alizarin red staining and osteogenic-related genes expression indicated better osteogenic ability of Li-MAO group, which may result from the activation the Wnt/β-catenin pathway. In vitro angiogenic tests also demonstrated better angiogenesis in Li-MAO group. A bone defect repair model was built to evaluate the in vivo osseointegration of samples. The outcomes of micro-computed tomography (Micro-CT) scanning, sequential fluorochrome labeling and Van Gieson staining suggested better in vivo bone repair ability of Li-MAO than other groups. Our promising results both in vitro and in vivo demonstrated that lithium-containing nanoporous coating can improve corrosion resistance, angiogenesis and osseointegration of magnesium alloy, which may forward the clinic application of Li-MAO magnesium.

Fermentation of Cucumber Extract with Hydromagnesite as a Neutralizing Agent to Produce an Ingredient for Dermal Magnesium Products.

Magnesium is an essential element involved in various biochemical processes in the human body. In addition to oral supplementation, topical magnesium application is another conventional form of magnesium delivery for the treatment of skin diseases and muscle inflammation. Cucumber extract is a well-known superfood for human skin. It has been widely used in various skincare product lines because of its known benefits to the skin. The benefit of cucumber extract to the human skin would be significantly enhanced if the cucumber extract was fermented to convert the reducing sugars to beneficial organic acids. In this study, we developed a protocol for lactic acid fermentation of cucumber extract using hydromagnesite as a neutralizing agent. Various lactic acid bacteria were screened for fermentation of cucumber extract. The best fermenting performance was observed with Lactobacillus paracasei, which could convert approximately 13 g/L of reducing sugars (glucose and fructose) to lactic acid and a minor amount of acetic acid within 2 days of incubation. The final fermented cucumber extract contains magnesium in the form of salts of organic acids, which have high absorption ability and bioavailability. The product is a potent ingredient for producing dermal magnesium products.

Topical application of magnesium to prevent intubation-related sore throat in adult surgical patients: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

Postoperative sore throat negatively affects patient satisfaction and recovery. We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis to examine the efficacy of preoperative topical administration of magnesium sulfate in preventing postoperative sore throat in adult patients. We searched Medline, EMBASE, China National Knowledge Infrastructure, and the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials from inception to 6 October, 2018. We included randomized-controlled trials that assessed the efficacy and safety of topical application of magnesium preoperatively in adult patients who underwent endotracheal intubation for general anesthesia. We then pooled the data using a random-effects model and conducted a trial sequential analysis on the incidence of sore throat. Our primary outcome was the incidence of sore throat at 24 hr after surgery/extubation. Our secondary outcomes included the severity of sore throat at 24 hr after surgery/extubation and adverse events. Eleven randomized-controlled trials involving 1,096 patients were included in this study. Topical application of magnesium was associated with reduced incidence of postoperative sore throat (risk ratio, 0.31; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.21 to 0.45) as well as reduced severity of postoperative sore throat (standardized mean difference, - 2.66; 95% CI, - 3.89 to - 1.43). Three studies reported that significant adverse events were not associated with topical magnesium. The trial sequential analysis suggested that there is adequate evidence supporting the efficacy of topical magnesium in preventing postoperative sore throat. Our study suggests that preoperative topical magnesium can effectively prevent postoperative sore throat. PROSPERO (CRD42018110019); registered 26 September, 2018.

Gestational and Hormonal Effects on Magnesium Sulfate's Ability to Inhibit Mouse Uterine Contractility.

Magnesium sulfate is used as a tocolytic, but clinical efficacy has been seriously questioned. Our objective was to use controlled ex vivo conditions and known pregnancy stages, to investigate how 2 key factors, hormones and gestation, affect magnesium's tocolytic ability. We hypothesized that these factors could underlie the varying clinical findings around magnesium's efficacy. Myometrial strips were obtained from nonpregnant (n = 10), mid-pregnant (n = 12), and term-pregnant (n = 11) mouse uterus. The strips were mounted in organ baths superfused with oxygenated physiological saline at pH 7.4 and 37°C. The effect of different concentrations of MgSO4 (2-20 mM) was examined on spontaneous and oxytocin-induced (0.5-1 nM) contractions. Contractile properties (amplitude, frequency, and area under the curve) were measured before and after application of magnesium. Magnesium sulfate had a dose-dependent inhibitory effect on both spontaneous and oxytocin-induced contractions but was less effective in the presence of oxytocin. In spontaneous contractions, magnesium was more potent as gestation progressed ( P < .0001). In the presence of oxytocin, however, there were no significant gestational differences in its effects on contraction. The rapid onset and reversal of magnesium's effects suggest an extracellular action on calcium entry. Taken together, we conclude that magnesium's actions are influenced by both gestational state and hormones, such that, at least in mice, it is least effective in early gestation with oxytocin present and most effective at term in the absence of oxytocin. That magnesium is least effective preterm and oxytocin decreases its effectiveness throughout gestation, may explain its disappointing clinical effects as a tocolytic.

The effect of application of potassium, magnesium and sulphur on wheat and barley grain yield and protein content.

The effect of application of potassium, magnesium and sulphur on wheat and barley grain yield and protein content.

Elemental mapping of biodegradable magnesium-based implants in bone and soft tissue by means of μ X-ray fluorescence analysis

Besides the biocompatibility and potential support of bone-healing, homogeneous degradation and the uniform distribution of degradation products are key factors for a successful medical application of magnesium (Mg)-based materials as biodegradable implants in orthopedic therapies.

Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of Mg–RE–TM Cast Alloys Containing Long Period Stacking Ordered Phases: A Review

Casting magnesium alloys hold the greatest share of magnesium application products due to their short processing period, low cost and near net shape forming. Compared with conventional commercial magnesium alloys or other Mg–RE-based alloys, the novel Mg–RE–TM cast alloys with long period stacking ordered (LPSO) phases usually possess a higher strength and are promising candidates for aluminum alloy applications. Up to now, two ways: alloying design and casting process control (including subsequent heat treatments), have been predominantly employed to further improve the mechanical properties of these alloys. Alloying with other elements or ceramic particles could alter the solidification pattern of alloys, change the morphology of LPSO phases and refine the microstructures. Different casting techniques (conventional casting, rapidly solidification, directional solidification, etc.) introduce various microstructure characteristics, such as dendritic structure, nanocrystalline, metastable phase, anisotropy. Further heat treatments could activate the transformation of various LPSO structures and precipitation of diverse precipitates. All these evolutions exert great impacts on the mechanical properties of the LPSO-containing alloys. However, the underlying mechanisms still remain a subject of debate. Therefore, this review mainly provides the state of the art of the casting magnesium alloys research and the accompanying challenges and summarizes some topics that merit future investigation for developing high-performance Mg–RE–TM cast alloys.

The influence of humic acids based products on the productivity of white cabbage with irrigation

The influence of humic acids based products on the productivity of late-ripening white cabbage hybrid Aggressor has been studied. It is established that spraying of plants with the solution of Reasil Micro Hydro Mix increased the yield of cabbage heads by 15.8 t/ha (21% higher than control). Treatment with the solution of Humate K-Na with microelements increased the productivity of cabbage by 10.25 t/ha (14% higher than control). Maximum yield of white cabbage within the experiment (100.81 t/ha) was obtained with double application of Reasil Forte Amino Magnesium on the background of Reasil micro Hydro Mix. All studied products based on humic acids positively influenced on accumulation of dry matter, vitamin C, the amount of sugars and the content of nutrients. At the same time, they also contributed to an increased removal of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium from the soil. The products did not affect the content of nitrate nitrogen in the products.

EFFECT OF FOLIAR APPLICATION WITH CALCIUM, MAGNESIUM AND FERTILIZING WITH HUMIC ACID ON GROWTH , YIELD, AND STORAGE ABILITY OF POTATO TUBERS.

Two experiments were carried out, the first at the College of Agriculture - University of Baghdad during spring season 2017 Everest cv. class (Elite) was used to study the effect of foliar application of calcium and magnesium and addition of humic acid to the soil on potato growth and yield, The layout of the experiment was factorial within RCBD design using three replicates. Calcium and Magnesium sprayed with concentrations (0, 500, 1000 mg.L-1), while the humic acid was added to the soil with (0, 0.75 gm.m2), The second experiment included storage of tubers produced from the spring season, with to study the effect of field treatments on improving the storability of the tubers. The results showed that the treatment of calcium spray was superior a concentration of 1000 mg.L-1 in plant height, leaf area, weight of tuber, plant yield and protein % in tubers after storage and reduced the percentage of damaged in tubers stored by 1.57%. The magnesium spray treatment with 1000 mg. L-1 exceeded the number of leaves, leaf area, number of tubers per plant, plant yield, the accumulation of dry matter and the percentage of protein in the stored tubers. Humic acid with 0.75 gm.m2 was superior in the plant height , the tuber weight and the single plant yield , the concentration of dry matter and the protein percentage in the stored tubers produced. The interaction treatment (500 mg.L-1 calcium + 0.75 gm2 of Humic acid + 0 mg.L-1 of Mg) was superior in the single plant yield which 1.28 kg.plant-1.