Application Of Inorganic Fertilizers Research Articles

Is green manure a viable substitute for inorganic fertilizer to improve grain yields and advance carbon neutrality in paddy agriculture?

Green manure is a widely applied to increase grain yield, while it also attributes to greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions in agriculture ecosystems. Combining green manure with inorganic fertilizer inputs is a common practice that can influence soil GHG emissions and grain yield, however, its impacts on grain yield and global warming potential (GWP) under different initial soil conditions before rotating experiments and agronomic management in paddy fields remain unclear. We synthesized 508 data pairs to evaluate the responses of CO2 emissions, CH4 emissions, N2O emissions, and grain yield to combined inputs of green manure plus inorganic fertilizer compared with only inorganic fertilizer application. Our findings indicate that both inorganic fertilizer plus extra green manure (GM-E) and green manure substitutes for inorganic fertilizer (GM-S) could increase CO2 emissions (22.5 %−76.8 %), CH4 emissions (100 %−103 %), N2O emissions (29.8 %−50.9 %), and yield (2.21 %−19.6 %). Except for GM-E, which showed a non-significant increase in grain yield. The initial soil properties before rotating experiments, the types and timing of green manure application were key drivers of GHG emissions and yield, and extra green manure applied in areas with low initial soil pH and high C:N can increase GWP and yield. Overall, the mixed green manure application had greater impact than leguminous or non-leguminous green manure applied alone. The responses of GHG emissions and yield to GM-S were modulated by mean annual precipitation and initial soil properties before rotating experiments, and green manure substitutes for inorganic fertilizer in areas with high initial soil pH and low C:N can increase GWP and yield. Meanwhile, excessive precipitation caused a reduction in yield and a significant increase in GWP intensity. Our results showed that extra green manure applications of less than 68.1 kg N ha−1 would not significantly increase GWP. Therefore, an effective green manure strategy can achieve a win-win situation for the dual challenge of agricultural production and climate change mitigation.

Impact of organic liquid fertilizers on growth and yield performance of Green Bean (<em>Phaseolus vulgaris</em> L.) in non-circulating hydroponic system

Non-circulating hydroponic systems are a type of soilless production system that has been found to be extremely productive, low-cost, water, land efficient, and well-suited to avoid fertilizer leaching and groundwater contamination. The experiment was conducted to study the effect of liquid organic nutrient solutions on Green Bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) cultivation in non-circulating hydroponic system. The experiment was laid out in a Completely Randomized Design (CRD) with seven treatments having fifteen replicates. The treatments were recommended inorganic fertilizer application (T1), ½ doses of Albert’s solution with 0.5% vermiwash (T2), 1% vermiwash (T3), 1.5% vermiwash (T4), 0.5% vegetable waste solution (T5), 1% vegetable waste solution (T6), 1.5% vegetable waste solution (T7) was used as media. The results revealed that plant height, number of leaves and branches per plant, leaf area, dry weight of leaves and length of pods were significantly (P<0.05) varied at 6th week after planting and it was high in T5. However, number of pods per plant, girth of pods, fresh and dry weight of pods and yield were high in T2 at 3rd picking while yield at 1st and 2nd picking were high in T5. This result suggests that ½ doses of Albert’s solution with 0.5% vegetable waste solution (T5) and ½ doses of Albert’s solution with 0.5% vermiwash (T2) would be the potential source of plant nutrients for sustainable crop production of bean in Non-circulating Hydroponic system.

Effects of different fertilizer applications on citrus rhizosphere soil quality and arbuscular mycorrhizae colonization

To understand the effects of different fertilizer applications on soil quality and arbuscular mycorrhizal colonization, we examined the changes in soil physical and chemical properties, mycorrhizal colonization and propagules, and their relationships in citrus under inorganic fertilization (IF), organic fertilization (OF), combined organic and inorganic fertilization (CF), and no fertilization (CK) treatments. Results showed that all fertilization treatments improved the content of rhizospheric soil organic carbon (SOC), nutrient contents, and electrical conductivity (EC). Both CF and OF significantly increased soil pH, soil aggregate stability, activities of urease, catalase, and sucrase, and the colonization and reproduction of arbuscular mycorrhizae fungi (AMF) in citrus rhizosphere. However, IF treatment significantly decreased soil pH and the colonization and reproduction of AMF in citrus rhizosphere. The number of mycorrhizal colonization and propagation was positively correlated with soil aggregate stability, SOC content, total nitrogen content, total phosphorus content, urease activity, and soil pH. Combined with the principal component analysis, we concluded that application of inorganic fertilizer alone could cause soil acidification and inhibit AMF colonization in citrus orchards. In contrast, organic fertilizer combined with inorganic fertilizer in citrus could improve the soil quality and AMF colonization.

Growth and yield of three high-yielding varieties of lowland rice as affected by application of inorganic fertilizers

The need for rice in Indonesia currently increases linearly along with the soaring of population. However, the rice production tends to be levelling-off. This study evaluates the yield potential of three lowland rice varieties under different rate of fertilizer. The varieties of Mekongga, Ciherang and Inpari30 sub1 were grown under five fertilizer treatments: 90 %, 100 % served as a control, 110 %, 115 %, and 120 % of recommended rate with three replications and laid out in a factorial block design. The study was located on a silty loam and irrigated soil. ANOVA was applied and followed by a Tukey test at a 5 % level. Among three varieties, Mekongga and Inpari-30 sub1 produced more yield than Ciherang by 6.71 and 6.77 t ha−1, respectively. Increasing the rate of fertilizers caused the increase of the yield significantly. The highest grain yield was recorded by the application of 120 % of recommended rate by 7.82 t ha−1. Fertilizer rate was positively correlated with grain yield (r=0.97). The result shows the importance of cropping system pattern in order to prevent the soaring of harmful attacks of pest and disease as well as the evaluation of fertilizer recommendation that had been used a dozen consecutive years.

Nutritional Changes In Anchote [Coccinia Abyssinica (Lam.) Cogn.] Root Cultivar Under The Use Ofmixed NPSB And FYM Fertilizers Rates

Anchote (Coccinia abyssinica (Lam.) Cogn.) is a critically important root crop native to Ethiopia on the African continent. In terms of nutrition, economics, medical, and social welfare, it is a highly valued food source that is abundant throughout the Western part country. The nutrient makeup of the crop may be affected by the application of various organic and inorganic fertilizers. The effects of organic and inorganic fertilizers on the nutritional content of the Anchote food crop, on the other hand, are unknown. As a result, during the 2019-20 cropping season, a field experiment was conducted in the southwestern part of Ethiopia to see how the Anchote variety (Desta 01) responded to various levels of NPSB and farmyard manure in terms of yield and nutritional components. Six rates of mixed NPSB fertilizer (0, 58,116,175,233, and 291 kg ha-1) and three levels of Farmyard Manure (FYM) (0, 5, and 10 t ha-1) were treated within the experimental plot in the field to assess the yield and nutritional composition of the Anchote variety. In a randomized complete block design, the experiment was set up in 3 x 6 factorial patterns with three replications.For laboratory analysis, samples of its roots from all three replications were collected separately after the crop maturity and subjected to SAS (version 9.3) software, which was used to assess nutritional characteristics such as dry matter content of roots (DMC) (percent), crude fat (percent), moisture content (percent), total soluble solid (TSS), and total ash (percent). The results of the laboratory analysis revealed that the interaction effects of blended NPSB fertilizer and FYM levels significantly changed nutritional features such as dry matter and moisture content (P0.01). DMC, ash percent, TSS, moisture content, and crude fat were all significantly (P0.01) affected by FYM and NPSB application in the field, whereas the interaction effects of both NPSB and FYM treatment in the field had a significant (P0.01) impact on laboratory parameters like ash and crude fat content of Anchote cultivar. Finally, the results of the laboratory experiment showed that applying blended NPSB fertilizer and FYMtogether to the field had an effect on the quality and nutritional attributes of the Anchote cultivar gathered for laboratory testing in the research region.

Effect of Inorganic Fertilizer and VP3 Biofertilizer Applications in Legume on the Population of Indigenous Bacteria

Effect of Inorganic Fertilizer and VP3 Biofertilizer Applications in Legume on the Population of Indigenous Bacteria

Respon Pertumbuhan Bibit Alpukat terhadap Pemberian Pupuk Kandang Sapi dan NPK

Avocado is one of the most popular horticultural commodities because it has a delicious taste and high nutrition. In order to increase avocado production in Indonesia, nutrition management at each stage of cultivation is an aspect that needs attention. Appropriate fertilizer application needs to be started in the seedling phase to support plant growth to produce productive mature plants. Effective nutrition management can be done by integrating the application of organic fertilizers and inorganic fertilizers. Therefore, a study was conducted on the growth response of avocado seedlings to the application of cow manure and NPK. This study aimed to determine the effect of cow manure and NPK and its interaction on the growth of avocado seedlings. The research was conducted from August to October 2022 in Dukuh Mencek Village, Sukorambi, Jember, East Java. This study used a factorial randomized block design consisting of 2 factors. The first factor was the dose of cow manure which consisted of 4 levels, namely 0, 90, 181 and 272 g/plant. The second factor was the concentration of NPK which consisted of 3 levels, namely 7, 14 and 21 g/l. Each treatment combination was repeated 3 times so there were 36 experimental units. Observation variables included plant height, stem diameter, number of leaves and number of shoots. Observational data were analyzed using analysis of variance (ANOVA). The application of cow manure and NPK had no significant effect on all observation variables

Penampilan Tanaman Krisan Pot (Dendranthema grandiflora) pada Pemberian Pupuk Organik dan Anorganik

Potted chrysanthemum plants are known as one of popular room decoration elements because they have flowers of various shapes and colors as well as long-lasting freshness. Several aspects that many consumers value are the appearance of flowers and the balance between the plant stem and the pot. This aspect is influenced by the availability of nutrients from both organic and inorganic sources. Therefore, a research was conducted on the performance of potted chrysanthemum plants by application of organic fertilizers and inorganic fertilizers. This study aimed to determine the effect of organic and inorganic fertilizers on the growth and development of potted chrysanthemum plants. This research was conducted from June to October 2022 in Rembangan, Arjasa, Jember. This study used randomized block design (RBD). The experimental factors were the types and amount of fertilizers consisted of 12 levels, namely cow manure 15 g/polybag; guano fertilizer 15 g/polybag; compost 15 g/polybag; NPK (16-16-16): 150, 200, 250 ppm, NPK (15-15-15): 150, 200, 250 ppm and NPK Pelangi: 150, 200, 250 ppm. The observed variables included plant height, diameter of stem and crown and the number of branches and flowers. Data were analyzed using analysis of variance (ANOVA) with Duncan's Multiple Range Test (DMRT) with a level of 5%. Application of manure, guano and NPK (16-16-16) 200 ppm resulted in higher chrysanthemum plants compared to other treatments. Application of 150 ppm NPK Pelangi and 250 ppm NPK 15-15-15 showed the best results on the number of branches and the number of flowers.

Decomposition and nitrogen mineralization of <em>Gliricidia sepium</em> leaf green manure under diverse nutrient management strategies in irrigated lowland rice cropping systems in Sri Lanka

The utilization of green manure has become an essential strategy for enhancing soil fertility and substituting synthetic fertilizers. The decomposition and release of nutrients through mineralization processes are influenced by soil microbial activity, which in turn depends on the nutrient management practices employed. depending on nutrient management approaches. The study aimed to investigate the decomposition and N mineralization of Gliricidia sepium leaf green manure in an irrigated lowland rice ecosystem under different nutrient management systems (NMS), for a duration of eight weeks. Litterbags were placed at two soil depths, namely the topsoil, and subsoil, within three NMS; 100% Department of Agriculture (DOA) recommended inorganic fertilizer application (CNM), 50% of DOA recommended inorganic fertilizer combined with the organic fertilizer application (INM), and 100% organic fertilizer application (ONM). The treatments were arranged in a randomized complete block design and litterbags were retrieved weekly to determine dry mass, total N content, and total organic carbon content remaining in the leaves. The rate of decomposition and nutrient release was estimated using an exponential decay equation and analysis of variance was carried out using the repeated measures MIXED model. A consistent biphasic pattern of decomposition and mineralization was observed across all NMS treatments and soil depths, characterized by an initial rapid phase followed by a slower phase. However, significant differences (p<0.05) were observed among the treatments. The ONM treatment combined with topsoil placement exhibited a shorter time for 50% and 80% reduction in biomass and nitrogen content. Approximately 80% of the nitrogen content was released into the soil solution within 4-5 weeks of green manure incorporation, regardless of the nutrient management system employed. These findings suggest that with proper application rates and appropriate depth of placement, Gliricidia sepium green manure can effectively replace a significant portion of mineral nitrogen fertilizer, thereby enhancing nutrient use efficiency in lowland rice-based systems.

Long-term anthropogenic field management enhanced wheat productivity and resource utilization in the Loess Plateau region of China

Low precipitation and poor soil quality are the main factors that limit wheat production in the Loess Plateau region of China. Straw incorporation and/or adding organic fertilizer can enhance wheat productivity by improving the soil water content (SWC) and soil fertility, but systematic long-term research has not yet been conducted. Thus, we conducted a 12-year continuous in-situ experiment in the Loess Plateau by testing four treatments: (1) CK: no fertilization and wheat straw removal; (2) FM: straw removal and application of inorganic fertilizer; (3) SI: straw incorporation and application of inorganic fertilizer; (4) SIOM: straw incorporation and application of inorganic fertilizer, with organic fertilizer added to replace 10% of the inorganic fertilizer. Under CK, the soil chemical properties and enzyme activities tended to decrease over the years. The soil fertility was significantly higher under FM than CK, and higher under SI and SIOM than FM (P < 0.05). SIOM significantly improved the soil nutrients and wheat productivity than other treatments (P < 0.05). Compared with FM, the soil bulk density in the 0–20 cm soil layer under SIOM decreased by 4.5%, while SOC, TN, TP, AN, and Olsen-P increased by 4.5%, 6.1%, 4.9%, and 12.3%, respectively. The DOC, DON, MBC, and MBN contents increased by 18.5%, 26.4%, 15.8%, and 16.2%, respectively. The activities of urease, sucrase, and catalase increased by 12.8%, 13.6%, and 22.8%, and the N uptake, nitrogen use efficiency (NUE), water use efficiency (WUE), water productivity, and wheat yield increased by 17.8%, 43.7%, 38.6%, 33.5%, and 22.4%. SIOM obtained the highest NUE, WUE, yield, and economic benefits of 37.83%, 14.34 kg ha–1 mm–1, 4579.16 kg ha–1, and 7990.39 Yuan ha–1, respectively. Linear mixed effects modeling showed that the year and treatment significantly affected the soil fertility and wheat productivity (P < 0.05). Random forest and structural equation modeling showed that the soil and fertilizer management strategies increased wheat productivity (R2 = 0.50) by improving the soil fertility. Therefore, straw incorporation and applying inorganic/organic fertilizers are effective management strategies for improving soil fertility and wheat productivity in semi-arid areas of Loess Plateau regions.

Baseline Survey on Sorghum (Sorghum bicolor L.) Production in Southern Taraba State

A baseline survey was carried out to assess sorghum production practices namely; years of production, cropping system, hectarages cultivated, identification of important pests, diseases and weed species infesting the crop and other cultural practices measures used by the farmers during sorghum cultivation in Taraba state. The study aimed at gathering information on the production status of sorghum in the state. Questionnaires were administered to 12 farmers carefully selected in 5 wards from each of the 5 Local Government areas sampled. This gave a total of 300 farmers. The survey shows that most of the farmers cultivate less than 3 ha of sorghum usually intercropped with maize or millet and most recently with groundnut. Striga hermonthica was identified to be the most destructive weed and one of the major limiting factor to sorghum production in the study area. It was also observed that most of the farmers produced sorghum without application of fertilizer and pesticide generally. In conclusion, there is urgent need to sensitize farmers in this part of the country on the need for the use of proper pesticides to control pests and diseases in sorghum, application of organic and inorganic fertilizers alongside the incorporation of crop residues to improve soil fertility for higher yield of sorghum in this survey area. Also there is need to sensitize them on the practice of cereal-legumes intercrop for sustainable crop production, instead of the commonly practiced cereal-cereal intercrop system. Moreso research effort on finding solutions to the challenges of striga hermonthica in sorghum is strongly advocated in the state. This will encourage the farmers to cultivate more hectarages of sorghum, to burst food security in the state

Effect of Organic and Inorganic Fertilizers on Soil Physical Properties &amp; Nutrients Content and Uptake of Summer Green Gram

The investigation was carried out during summer season to know the effect of different organic and inorganic fertilizers on physicochemical properties of soil &amp; content and uptake of plants. The experiment was laid out in factorial randomized block design (FRBD) followed by twelve treatments with four replications. Water holding capacity, bulk density, porosity of soil was not significantly influenced by application of organic and inorganic fertilizers at harvest. Application of vermicompost @ 1.0 t ha-1 recorded significantly higher nitrogen content &amp; uptake in seed and stover and potassium content in stover of green gram which was at par with incorporation of FYM @ 4 t ha-1 but phosphorus content &amp; uptake was not significantly influenced by either incorporation of FYM or vermicompost or inorganic fertilizer. The use of 100% RDF (20 kg N + 40 kg P2O5 ha-1) resulted in significantly higher uptake of nitrogen and potassium by seed, stover and total uptake by crop and were at par with the application of 75% RDF (15 kg N + 30 kg P2O5 ha-1). Nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium content &amp; uptake in seed, stover and total uptake of green gram was significantly higher recorded with the incorporation of FYM @ 4 t ha-1 which was at par with application of vermicompost @ 1 t ha-1. Application of farm yard manure @ 4 t ha-1 or vermicompost @ 1 t ha-1 along with inorganic fertilizers @ 75% RDF (15 kg N + 30 kg P2O5 ha-1) is best suited for improving physico-chemical properties of soil and nutrients content &amp; uptake of green gram.

Effect of Integrated Nutrient Management on Growth and Yield of French Bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.)

The present investigation entitled, “Effect of integrated nutrient management on growth and yield of French bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.)” was carried out at the research farm of School of Agriculture, Abhilashi University, Mandi (H.P.) during spring season 2022. The experiment was laid out in a randomized block design with three replications. The treatments consisted of conjoint and sole application of organic (FYM and vermicompost) and inorganic fertilizers (urea, SSP and MOP). In terms of soil chemical properties i.e., soil pH (5.6) strongly acidic, organic carbon (0.99%) i.e. high and NPK (260:18:336) kg/ha were maximum observed in treatment T7 (75% RDF of NPK + 12.5% FYM + 12.5% Vermicompost. Out of seven treatments, treatment T7 was recorded best performing for all the traits i.e. days to 50% germination (14.06), leaf area index at 60 DAS (105.32 cm2) and at harvest (130.65 cm2), fresh weight of plant (189.20 g), dry weight of plant (20.03 g), yield per plot (17.45 kg), yield per hectare (290.84q/ha), biological yield (29.47q/ha) and harvest index (59.19%). The maximum gross return (581680 Rs/ha), net return (483209 Rs/ha) and B:C ratio (1:5.9) was also recorded in T7 75% RDF of NPK + 12.5% FYM + 12.5% Vermicompost. Thus, application of optimum doses of NPK along with organic manures was found highly beneficial for plant growth, yield and economics of French bean.

Influence of 36 years of integrated nutrient management on soil carbon sequestration, environmental footprint and agronomic productivity of wheat under rice-wheat cropping system

A long-term field experiment was conducted to study the effects of different combinations of integrated nutrient management (INM) on carbon sequestration and wheat yield in a rice-wheat cropping system. The experiment consisted of 11 treatments that were replicated three times. The organic manures used in the study included farmyard manure (FYM), wheat straw (WS), and green manure (GM) with Sesbania aculeata. The results of the experiment revealed that the application of 50% of the recommended dose of fertilizers (RDF) along with 50% nitrogen (N) through FYM during rice cultivation, and RDF during wheat cultivation, led to a significant increase in soil organic carbon (SOC). Specifically, the SOC content was enhanced by 46.4% (18.29 Mg ha-1) compared to RDF in rice and wheat, resulting in a C sequestration rate of 0.22 Mg ha-1 year-1. These increases were higher in treatments that combined organic and inorganic inputs. Additionally, the application of 50% RDF and substituting 50% of the nitrogen with FYM during wheat cultivation resulted in a 24.7% increase in grain yield compared to RDF in rice and wheat. The INM treatments, showed significantly (p ≤ 0.05) higher agronomic efficiency (AE) of nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P) and potassium (K), partial factor productivity (PFP) of N, P and K, and carbon pool index (CPI) compared to the application of inorganic fertilizers at the recommended dose. Moreover, the INM treatments also exhibited lower greenhouse gas (GHG) emission intensity. Application of neither chemical fertilizers nor organic manure (T1) resulted in maximum GHG emission intensity (328.1 kg CO2 eq Mg−1 yield). Based on these findings, it can be concluded that the combined use of inorganic fertilizers and organic manures significantly increased crop yield and soil organic carbon sequestration while reducing GHG emissions in a rice-wheat cropping system in the eastern Indo-Gangetic Plains (EIGP) of India.

Monitoring the effect of integrated nutrient management practices on soil health in maize-based cropping system

IntroductionSoil organic matter (SOM) plays a vital role in enhancing soil characteristics and promoting sustainable crop production. The active and passive components of SOM tend to be more effective indicators of soil changes than total SOM content.MethodsThis study aimed to examine the impact of integrated nutrient management (INM) on the active and passive segments of SOM in maize during the kharif seasons of 2019 and 2020 at the Instructional Farm of Rajasthan College of Agriculture, Udaipur. A total of 11 treatments comprising of control (no application of manures/fertilizers/biofertilizers), different INM combinations, and application of inorganic fertilizers were laid in a randomized block design (RBD) with three replications tested in this study.ResultsThe use of INM through enriched phosphorus compost (EPC), biofertilizers, and chemical fertilizers significantly boosted both the active and passive constituents of the organic matter of the soil. In this study, a combination of 75% NPK fertilizers via soil test response (STR), EPC @ 5 t ha−1, an Azotobacter consortium, phosphorus solubilizing bacteria (PSB), and a foliar spray of 0.5% Zn considerably increased the active fraction of SOM than other treatments as indicated by microbial biomass carbon (251 mg kg−1), microbial biomass nitrogen (36.8 mg kg−1), microbial biomass phosphorus (6.82 mg kg−1), water-soluble organic carbon (73.9 mg kg−1), water-soluble carbohydrates (43.8 mg kg−1), presence of dehydrogenase in soil (6.82 μg TPF g−1 soil 24 h−1), and carbon mineralization (43.8 mg CO2C kg−1 soil 24 h−1). This treatment was also found to increase the passive fraction as shown by the presence of humic acid (0.332%), fulvic acid (0.210%), hymatomelanic acid (0.052%), brown humic acid (0.252%), and humin (0.604%).DiscussionFrom this study, it can be concluded that the application of 75% NPK fertilizers as per STR + EPC + Azotobacter + PSB + 0.5% foliar Zn spray can improve soil health in maize-based cropping systems.

Influence of planting basins on selected soil quality parameters and sorghum yield along an agro-ecological gradient in South Eastern Zimbabwe

Planting basins are an important soil and water conservation technology. This study evaluated the effects of basins on soil organic carbon (SOC) stocks, aggregate stability (Ima), bulk density, soil moisture retention and sorghum yield in agro-ecological regions III, IV and V of Chipinge district. The experiment consisted of three treatments; namely planting basins (basins) with goat manure and inorganic fertilizer application, hand hoeing with similar fertility amendments (FP+) and hand hoeing without fertility amendments (FP). It was hypothesized that planting basins with fertility amendments would improve the selected soil quality parameters and sorghum yield. Only planting basins significantly (p˂0.05) improved soil quality parameters in the 0-15 cm depth and bulk density, Ima, SOC stocks ranged from 1356 to 1451 kg/m3; 314 to 450 and 14.18 to 25.55 Mg ha-1 respectively. Planting basins significantly increased (p&lt;0.05) sorghum yield relative to hand-hoeing practices (FP+ and FP) with average grain yield of 2.68, 1.72 and 1.32 t ha-1 in agro-ecological regions III, IV and V, respectively. When compared to FP+ and FP, basins increased grain yield by &gt;130% in all the 3 agro-ecological regions. The hypothesis was accepted and it was concluded that basins improve soil properties and sorghum grain yield in agro-ecological regions III, IV and V. Considering the soil and crop productivity benefits highlighted in this study, there is a strong justification for the widespread promotion and adoption of planting basins in semi-arid agro-ecological regions of Zimbabwe.

Unveiling the Impact of Integrated Nutrient Management on Soil Health and Microbial Dynamics in Mustard Cultivation

During the Rabi season of 2020-21, an investigation was carried out at College Farm, Agricultural College, Polasa, Jagtial, under the supervision of Professor Jayashankar Telangana State Agricultural University. The primary aim of the research was to assess the influence of integrated nutrient management on the organic carbon content, enzyme activity and microbial population in the mustard (Brassica juncea L.) crop. The experiment was conducted in soil with a sandy clay loam texture and followed a randomized block design, consisting of nine distinct treatments, each of which was replicated three times. These treatments includes: T1: 100% Recommended Dose of Fertilizer (RDF), T2: 100% RDF + FYM, T3: 100% RDF + FYM + Biofertilizer consortium, T4: 75% RDF, T5: 75% RDF + FYM, T6: 75% RDF + FYM + Biofertilizer consortium, T7: Soil Test Based NPK, T8: 75% STB NPK + FYM and T9: 75% STB NPK + FYM + Biofertilizer consortium. The results revealed that the organic carbon, dehydrogenase activity and microbial population of soil were significantly enhanced by the application of combined use of organic, inorganic fertilizers and biofertilizers. All the parameters were recorded higher with the integrated application of 75% STB NPK+ FYM + Biofertilizer consortium which was on par with 100 % RDF + FYM + Biofertilizer consortium, 75 % RDF + FYM + Biofertilizer consortium, 75 % STB NPK + FYM, 100 % RDF + FYM, 75 % RDF + FYM. The population of bacteria and fungi, organic carbon content and dehydrogenase were recorded lower in the treatments receiving sole application of inorganic fertilizers.

Soil biological indicators associated with nitrogen mineralization patterns in rice soils under long‐term integrated nutrient management

AbstractIn long‐term integrated nutrient management (INM) involving organic amendments with inorganic fertilizer application, understanding nitrogen (N) mineralization is key to assessing soil functioning. In this study, soil samples were collected following rice cropping from treatments consisting of various combinations of inorganic with organic fertilizers, including farm yard manure, wheat straw or Green Leaf Manuring, as well as 100% inorganic and a control (no fertilizer). The soil samples were incubated for 120 days at 30°C for determining N mineralization potential, and the mineralization patterns were fitted to double first‐order kinetic models to separate the potentially mineralizable nitrogen (PMN) into readily available N (PMN‐I) and resistant N (PMN‐II) fractions. The half‐lives of PMN‐I and PMN‐II ranged from 1.2 to 3.3 days and 22.4 to 63.0 days, respectively. In the organically amended soils, we observed that microbial biomass carbon (MBC) and nitrogen (MBN) increased by 43% and 41%, respectively, compared to inorganic fertilizer application alone. Moreover, the soil enzyme activity increased, revealing enhanced biological activity (dehydrogenase—31.96 μg TPF, Urease—35.69 μg urea‐N, glucosidase—57.78 μg p‐nitrophenol, fluorescein diacetate hydrolysis—45.84 μg fluorescein, N‐acetyl β‐glucosaminidase—46.47 μg p‐nitrophenol released g−1 dry soil h−1). We determined that PMN‐I was affected by the soil urease activity; whereas, PMN‐II was regulated by soil organic carbon, MBC, MBN, dehydrogenase activity and fluorescein diacetate hydrolysing capacity. These findings elucidate the soil biological indicators associated with nitrogen (N) mineralization, which can help optimize INM practice.

The Effect of Burned Rice Husks and NPK Fertilizer Application on The Growth of Bok Choy (Brassica Rapa L. Subsp. Chinensis)

Fertilizer is very important factor in achieving high productivity, especially in providing essential nutrients. The application of inorganic fertilizers without adding organic fertilizers potentially reduces soil fertility and damages soil structure. This study aimed to determine the effect of burned rice husks, NPK fertilizer application, on the growth of Chinensis bok choy (Brassica rapa L. Subsp. Chinensis). The study employed a completely randomized design (CRD) consisting of 2 factors, with 5 treatment levels. The burned rice husks treatments comprised (0 gr, 90 gr, 110 gr, 130 gr, and 150 gr), while the NPK fertilizer treatments comprised (0 gr, 0.4 gr, 0.6 gr, 0.8 gr, 1.0 gr / 100 ml water). Data were analyzed using an ANOVA test. The results showed that the NPK fertilizer factor significantly influenced all parameters, including plant height, leaf number, wet weight, and dry weight. The burned rice husks factor and the interaction between burned rice husks and NPK fertilizer had no significant effect on all parameters, namely plant height, leaf number, wet weight, and dry weight of the Chinensis bok choy. The optimal treatment for the interaction of burned rice husks and NPK fertilizer "Mutiara 16" was with the N4S4 treatment (combination of NPK Mutiara 1.0 gr/100 ml water and burned rice husks 150 gr) for plant height, leaf number, wet weight, and dry weight parameters, while the optimal treatment for chlorophyll concentration content was with the N3S2 treatment (combination of NPK Mutiara 0.8 gr/100 ml water and burned rice husks 110 gr).

The response of bio-fertilizers (Rhizobium and phosphate solubilizing bacteria) and inorganic fertilizer application on yield and yield contributing attributes of black gram (Vigna mungo) under rain fed condition of Chitrakoot region

The response of bio-fertilizers (Rhizobium and phosphate solubilizing bacteria) and inorganic fertilizer application on yield and yield contributing attributes of black gram (Vigna mungo) under rain fed condition of Chitrakoot region