Applied Ethics Research Articles

Charting the psychological literacy landscape: Systematic review highlighting psychology education

The aim of this systematic review is to provide, for the first time, a broad overview of the scope and nature of the current English language concept of ‘psychological literacy' (PL) as evidenced in the literature, primarily since 2010. Covidence systematic review methodology yielded 112 papers that were scored on 23 specific criteria/questions relevant to addressing predetermined research questions. PL has been conceptualized as both a general capability (e.g., ethical application of psychological knowledge) and a group of capabilities (discipline-specific knowledge and research methods, and more generic capabilities such as communication). Variability in the constellation of group capabilities has led to challenges in operationalization and thus measurement, signaling the need for international consensus and improved measurement. We propose a model for how PL is related to psychologically literate citizenship and global citizenship. Key papers explore PL as an integrative concept in psychology. All papers were relevant to psychology education, with most prevalent being undergraduate level, and least prevalent being graduate level. There were numerous papers providing practical PL teaching and assessment strategies. PL as a pedagogical approach has been a necessary and richly diverse focus. Finally, a revisioning of PL within the context of psychology education, as well as recommendations for further research and development, are suggested.

Research ethics training, challenges, and suggested improvements across Europe: Radiography research ethics standards for Europe (RRESFE)

IntroductionThe Radiography Research Ethics Standards for Europe (RRESFE) project aimed to provide a cross-sectional view of the current state of radiography research ethics across Europe. This included investigating education and training in research ethics, and identifying the key challenges and potential improvements associated with using existing research ethics frameworks. MethodsThis cross-sectional online survey targeting radiography researchers in Europe was conducted between April 26 and July 12, 2021. Descriptive and analytical statistics were used to identify research ethics education and training trends. Content analysis of qualitative responses was employed to identify significant challenges and proposed improvements in research ethics frameworks of practice. ResultsThere were 232 responses received across 33 European countries. Most (n = 132; 57%) respondents had received some research ethics training; however, fewer participants had received training on safeguarding vulnerable patients (n = 72; 38%), diversity and inclusivity (n = 62; 33%), or research with healthy volunteers (n = 60; 32%). Training was associated with a greater perceived importance of the need for research ethics review (p = 0.031) and with the establishment of EQF Level 6 training (p = 0.038). The proportion of formally trained researchers also varied by region (p = <0.001). Time-to-ethics-approval was noted as the biggest challenge for professionals making research ethics applications. ConclusionEarly and universal integration of research-oriented teaching within the radiography education framework which emphasises research ethics is recommended. Additionally, study findings suggest research ethics committee application and approval processes could be further simplified and streamlined. Implications for practiceThe survey contributes to a growing body of knowledge surrounding the importance of education and training in research ethics for assuring a high standard of research outputs in Radiography and has identified hurdles to obtaining research ethics approval for further investigation and address.

Ethics review and conversation analysis

In this case study, I address the procedural ethics of conversation analysis (CA) and the collection of naturally occurring mundane interactions. I draw from the challenges that emerged from the institutional ethics review of the HIV, health and interaction study (the H2I Study), a CA project that sought to identify the practices through which normative assumptions of HIV and other health conditions are produced in conversations. Consistent with CA’s preference for naturally occurring interactions, the H2I Study collected and analysed everyday telephone calls involving people living with HIV. This article offers practical strategies CA researchers might use to navigate two ethical concerns raised about the collection of naturally occurring mundane interactions. The first questions the merits of collecting naturally occurring mundane interactions. For those unfamiliar with CA, the specific advantages of analysing naturally occurring mundane interactions may not be self-evident. This places an evidentiary burden on CA researchers to warrant the collection of this type of data. To address this concern, I suggest demonstrating in ethics applications the analytic value of CA using publicly available interactions. The second concern questions the use of verbal consent necessary for the collection of naturally occurring mundane interactions. Like most CA research, the H2I Study required flexible informed consent protocols appropriate for spontaneous and unpredictable interactions. Drawing from within and outside the CA literature, I offer three rationales for the use of verbal consent. This article is written as a practical resource for conversation analysts seeking approval from their research ethics board (REB) and for REBs who might be unfamiliar with CA research. This article contributes to a small but growing body of literature that documents not only the kinds of challenges CA researchers encounter from institutional ethics review, but the specific procedural ethics they may employ to secure ethics approval.

The Influence Computer Assisted Auditing Tools and Techniques (CAATTs) and Professional Ethics on Auditor Performance

This study was conducted with the aim of analyzing the effect of the application of computer-assisted audit technique systems and professional ethics on auditor performance. The data used in this study are the results of processing questionnaire data given to auditors who work in public accounting firms in the Jakarta area. The method used in this research is a purposive sampling method with a total of 92 respondents. Testing the analysis using SPSS 25 by testing the validity, reliability, multiple linear regression, classical assumption test, and hypothesis testing. The results of this study indicate that the application of a computer-assisted audit technique system has a positive and significant effect on employee performance with a significance level of 0.000 &lt;0.05 and professional ethics has a positive and significant effect on employee performance with a significance level of 0.000 &lt;0.05. The results also show that the application of a computer-assisted audit technique system and professional ethics have a joint or simultaneous effect on auditor performance with a significance level of 0.000 &lt; 0.05.

Developing a community facilitator-led participatory learning and action women's group intervention to improve infant feeding, care and dental hygiene practices in South Asian infants: NEON programme.

The Nurture Early for Optimal Nutrition (NEON) study is a multiphase project that aims to optimize feeding, care and dental hygiene practices in South Asian children &lt;2 years in East London, United Kingdom. The multiphase project uses a participatory learning and action (PLA) approach facilitated by a multilingual community facilitator. In this paper, we elaborate on the process and results of the Intervention Development Phase in the context of the wider NEON programme. Qualitative community-based participatory intervention codevelopment and adaptation. Community centres in East London and online (Zoom) meetings and workshops. In total, 32 participants registered to participate in the Intervention Development Phase. Four Intervention Development workshops were held, attended by 25, 17, 20and 20 participants, respectively. Collaboratively, a culturally sensitive NEON intervention package was developed consisting of (1) PLA group facilitator manual, (2) picture cards detailing recommended and nonrecommended feeding, care and dental hygiene practices with facilitators/barriers to uptake as well as solutions to address these, (3) healthy infant cultural recipes, (4) participatory Community Asset Maps and(5) list of resources and services supporting infant feeding, care and dental hygiene practices. The Intervention Development Phase of the NEON programme demonstrates the value of a collaborative approach between researchers, community facilitators and the target population when developing public health interventions. We recommend that interventions to promote infant feeding, care and dental hygiene practices should be codeveloped with communities. Recognizing and taking into account both social and cultural norms may be of particular value for infants from ethnically diverse communities to develop interventions that are both effective in and accepted by these communities. Considerable efforts were placed on Patient/Participant and Public Involvement and Engagement. Five community facilitators were identified, each of which represented one ethnic/language group: (i) Bangladeshi/Bengali and Sylheti, (ii) Pakistani/Urdu, (iii) Indian/Gujrati, (iv) Indian/Punjabi and(v) Sri Lankan/Tamil. The community facilitators were engaged in every step of the study, from the initial drafting of the protocol and study design to the Intervention Development and refinement of the NEON toolkit, as well as the publication and dissemination of the study findings. More specifically, their role in the Intervention Development Phase of the NEON programme was to: 1. Support the development of the study protocol, information sheets and ethics application. 2. Ensure any documents intended for community members are clear, appropriate and sensitively worded. 3. Develop strategies to troubleshoot any logistical challenges of project delivery, for example, recruitment shortfalls. 4. Contribute to the writing of academic papers, in particular reviewing and revising drafts. 5. Develop plain language summaries and assist in dissemination activities, for example, updates on relevant websites. 6. Contribute to the development of the NEON intervention toolkit and recruitment of the community members. 7. Attend and contribute to Intervention Development workshops, ensuring the participant's voices were the focus of the discussion and workshop outcomes.

PEMBANGUNAN DAN LINGKUNGAN HIDUP : DILEMA ETIS MANUSIA

Various facts and experiences show that the negative impacts of development cause development goals to improve people's welfare to be delayed or not achieved. In preparing development policies with an environmental perspective, environmental considerations become a subsystem that is included in economic development and human resource development. Apart from conquering and fighting for the environment, there is still one more thing that can be done to save the environment, namely designing a sustainable life. The assumption is that if development does not pay attention to the quality of the environment, then the depreciation of natural resources will become increasingly evident. Therefore, the balance between the social environment, the built environment and the natural environment needs to be known and taken into account empirically and objectively in environmentally sound development. This research contains studies related to the Application of Environmental Ethics that must be developed by humans. Humans need to see and understand that a damaged environment is not only part of human moral and ethical responsibility for nature and God's creation that is not damaged, but has become the responsibility of the Christian faith. God the Great Creator. Ecosystem crisis, especially regarding the exploitation of natural resources and pollution, has ethical implications, especially regarding human attitudes and behavior towards nature. This is covered in what is called environmental ethics (eco-ethics).This environmental ethics arises because it is driven by social issues that arise as a result of excessive exploitation of natural resources which has an impact on decreasing environmental quality and pollution. Where environmental ethics is a reflection of humans and nature (environment) which understands that humans and the environment have a close relationship.

Penerapan Etika Bisnis dan Tanggung Jawab Pemberi Kerja Dan Hak Karyawan Terhadap Kinerja Karyawan

In its implementation, the principles of business ethics in an organization and customer service are very related, such as when provudung services to customers, ethics must be used. Tjis is intended to create a good relationship between customers at PT Bank Rakyat Indonesia. In principle, business atehics is everything about guiding norms for a company in making decision, with the intention that good relation between the company and stakeholders are maintained, of course must use the rules that have been in effect. PT Bank Rakyat Indonesia has been good in carrying out its duties so that customers feel satisfied and fulfilled with the wishes expected by customers, both from service and banking ethics. Problems that occur at this time are deviations in terms of providing excellent service, namely there are multiple positions or commonly referred to as overlapping work in a work unit, for example customer service provider not only serves customers who come to convey various kind of complaints, but also does some work, and the work that shuold be done by the back office such as administering credit completeness and credit contract. So that more or less will reduce the excellent service that a customer service should do with a small example, ignoring basic service concept such as smiles, greetings wich are often referred to 3S. The method used in writing journals about the application of business ethic and employer responsibilities and employee rights to employee performance is a descriptive research method, because this study aims to only describe the facts as they are and describe the fact on the object under study. Irredularities commited by PT Bank Rakyat Indonesia (Persero),.Tbk, which are contary to the principles of business ethics in this company, namely in terms of providing excellent service, there are multiple positions or commonly referred to as overlapping work in unit. PT Bank Rakyat Indonesia (Persero),.Tbk need to be reviewed again regarding the duties and function of each position. It’s just that there are very few deviations that occur because this in a work unit in this company there is an overlapping position.

Applied Ethics and Digital Information Privacy: Informing the Design of Covid-19 Contact Tracing Apps

To counteract the spread of Covid-19, many countries have introduced mobile applications for contact tracing, which raises considerable questions about how these apps protect users’ information privacy. Through an exploratory analysis of Covid-19 contact tracing apps being used in Australia, France, Germany, Japan, and New Zealand, we identify normative and technical principles for the design of privacy-sensitive contact tracing apps. Based on a Restricted Access/Limited Control (RALC) account of information privacy, we discuss how the apps protect users’ information privacy through limiting access to and allowing users to actively manage their personal information. Our findings illustrate what understanding of information privacy is evident from the various designs of Covid-19 contact tracing apps, and how competing design principles can contribute to users’ information privacy. From a practical perspective, our findings can inform the design of contact tracing apps and the development of privacy approaches that can be applied in particular contexts. Our work thus bridges the gap between ethical design guidelines and technical analyses of specific implementations.

Editorial for the Special Section on Research on Applied Ethics: Developing Ethical Guidelines for Social Media Analytics

Editorial for the Special Section on Research on Applied Ethics: Developing Ethical Guidelines for Social Media Analytics

Zwischen Identität und Diskurs – Wege zur Gemeinschaft?

Abstract The article shows that with respect to increasing complaints about the social coldness of our current society and awareness of the urgent needs in the global south it should be clear that we need a moral motivation to solidarity beyond all legal regulations. While at first glance it may seem seducing to draw on the concept of community in the sense of Tönnies, it becomes quickly clear that this is much more dangerous but useful. As the application of universal ethics may be difficult in intercultural correlations, an interpretation of discourse ethics by Seyla Benhabib seems promising. The idea of identity may provide us with a number of insights, but it leads into a misinterpretation of democracy and, in the end, it is extremely dangerous for society if it is split into a growing number of identity groups.

An Aristotelian Resistance Against Transhumanism

Posthuman Bliss? The Failed Promise of Transhumanism by Susan B. Levin presents a well-informed and structured critique to transhumanism. Not only transhumanist ethical and sociopo-litical applications are challenged: the theoretical assumptions and implications of transhumanism are made explicit and put into discussion, thereby confronting transhumanism as a worldview of its own, from metaphysics, to epistemology, to philosophy of mind, down to ethics and politics. This worldview is then constantly put to the test of Levin’s own Aristotelian essentialist framework, which sees the human being as a holistic whole and our role in the world as the complex process of attaining human flourishing. First, I will spend a few words to frame the general aim of the book and to delineate the main contents of the seven chapters. After that, I will deal critically with four interesting focal points, where further research may be prompted or the standpoint of the author may be challenged: the attribution of (rational) essentialism to transhumanism, the definition of well-being underlying transhumanist positions, the apparent tension between the sociopolitical im-plications of transhumanism and its cultivation of radical personal autonomy, the critical evaluation of Levin’s American-centered adaptation of her Aristotelian virtue-ethics approach.

Epistemic justice in public involvement and engagement: Creating conditions for impact.

IntroductionPatient and public involvement in research is anchored in moral and epistemological rationales. Moral rationales relate to the public having a right to influence how knowledge about them is generated. Epistemological rationales relate to how research design and implementation can improve when informed by experiential, as well as technical, knowledge. In other words, public involvement can increase the epistemological resources of researchers, and contribute to research that is fit for purpose and has high external validity.MethodsThis article presents an analysis of 3 meetings and 11 interviews with public collaborators and researchers in three UK‐based health research studies. Data comprised transcripts of audio‐recorded research meetings and interviews with public collaborators and researchers. Data were first analysed to develop a data‐informed definition of experiential knowledge, then thematically to investigate how this experiential knowledge was considered and received within the research space.ResultsAt meetings, public collaborators shared their experiential knowledge as stories, comments, questions, answers and when referring to their own roles. They were aware of crossing a boundary from everyday life, and some adapted their contributions to fit within the research space. Although researchers and public collaborators made efforts to create an inclusive climate, obstacles to impact were identified.ConclusionsConsidering experiential knowledge as a boundary object highlights that this knowledge has a different form to other kinds of knowledge that contribute to research. To enable impact from experiential knowledge, researchers need to create a space where public collaborators experience epistemic justice.Patient and Public ContributionThe Peninsula Public Engagement Group (PenPEG) was involved in the planning and conceptualization of the study, including the development of the ethics application and the interview schedules. One member of this group (Richard Fitzgerald) and one from outside the group (Leon Farmer), were full members of the author team and were involved in the data analysis. Leon Farmer has since become a member of PenPEG. Richard Fitzgerald and Leon Farmer were not involved in the three research studies sampled for this study. Sadly Richard Fitzgerald died during the course of this study.

Application of Ethics: Discussion Prompts.

Application of Ethics: Discussion Prompts.

Etika Bertetangga Menurut Islam (Studi Kasus di Kelurahan Harjosari I Gang Budi Kota Medan)

Ethics is usually closely related to moral words which are terms from Latin, namely mos and in its plural form mores, which also means customs or ways of life of a person by doing good deeds (decency) and avoiding bad actions. It is closely related to socializing between humans and other communities, especially those in their environment which are very concerned, especially ethics in neighbors. Neighbor ethics in Islam is an obligation that must be carried out by every Muslim, both towards others and non-Muslims. This research has two problem formulations, namely: 1) How is Neighbor Ethics According to Islam? 2) How is the Application of Neighbor Ethics in Islam in the Village of Harjosari I Gang Budi? The results of research on Neighbor Ethics According to Islam are neighboring manners in Islam are guidelines and ethics in neighbors that need to be considered by Muslims. Neighbors are people who are around us who need to be respected and needed as well as possible. In Islamic teachings, the command to do good to neighbors is juxtaposed with the command to worship Allah and the prohibition of associating partners.

Keberlanjutan Usaha Pedagang Warung Tradisional dengan Menerapkan Etika Bisnis Islam di Kota Makassar

It is important for every trader to know and apply Islamic business ethics because with it a trader can achieve the main goals of business, namely world profits and the salvation of the hereafter. This study aims to determine the understanding and application of Islamic business ethics to traditional warung traders and the role of Islamic business ethics in maintaining business sustainability. This research is a field research with qualitative method which is done descriptively. The results of this study indicate that the traditional traders understand Islamic business ethics substantially but not in detail, but most of the Islamic business ethics have been applied by traditional warung traders. Other results show that the application of Islamic business ethics in a business can maintain the business sustainability of traders. The implication of this research is to make traders aware of the importance of knowing and applying Islamic business ethics in their business.

Manevi duyarlık ölçeğinin Türkçeye uyarlanması: Geçerlik ve güvenirlik çalışması

Son yıllarda eğitimde maneviyatın ve bireyin manevi yönünün göz ardı edildiğine dair görüşler sıklıkla dile getirilmektedir. Ayrıca maneviyatın dinden ayrı bir kavram olup olmadığı halen tartışılmaktadır. Yurtiçi alan yazında maneviyat ile ilişkili çalışmalara katkı sağlaması amacıyla, mevcut araştırmada Tirri, Nokelainen ve Ubani (2006) tarafından geliştirilen Manevi Duyarlık Ölçeğinin (MDÖ) Türkçeye uyarlanması amaçlanmıştır. Mevcut araştırma, ODTÜ Uygulamalı Etik Araştırma Merkezi İnsan Araştırmaları Etik Kurulu’ndan alınan 01.12.2021 tarih ve 28620816/ sayı numaralı etik kurul onayı ile yürütülmüştür. Toplam on bir sorudan oluşan ölçeğin orijinal formu, dört boyuttan oluşmaktadır. Uyarlama sürecinde Türkçeye çevirisi yapılan Manevi Duyarlık Ölçeğine açımlayıcı (n=300) ve doğrulayıcı (n=340) faktör analizleri yapılmıştır. Yapılan açımlayıcı faktör analizinde elde edilen üç faktörlü 11 maddelik Türkçe ölçek formunun açıkladığı toplam varyans miktarı %53,49 olarak bulgulanmıştır. Açımlayıcı faktör analizinde elde edilen üç faktörlü (Farkındalık ve gizem duyarlığı, değer duyarlığı ve toplum duyarlığı) modelin birinci düzey ve ikinci düzey doğrulayıcı faktör analizi sonuçları modelin doğrulandığını göstermiştir. Ölçeğin Türkçe formuna ilişkin iç tutarlık katsayısı Cronbach alpha değeri ölçeğin tümü için .85’dir. Araştırma, ölçeğin (MDÖ) Türkçe formunun bireylerin manevi duyarlığını ölçen geçerli ve güvenilir bir ölçme aracı olduğunu ortaya koymuştur. Ölçeğin psikolojik danışmanlık, eğitim, teoloji ve pek çok alanda yapılacak araştırmalara katkı sağlayacağı düşünülmektedir.

PENERAPAN ETIKA BISNIS DAN PROFESI DALAM UPAYA PENINGKATAN KUALITAS PELAYANAN SKCK POLSEK SIDOARJO KOTA MELALUI INOVASI PROGRAM SURVEI ONLINE (EPZI)

This research aims to determine the application of business and professional ethics, especially in the field of service professions. In the public service book written by Semil,N (2018), a public servant must have the ability and integrity in serving the community in order to create good judgment and the formation of a professional work. The research method used in this study is descriptive quantitative. This research will discuss problems by collecting, reviewing and describing a data obtained through observation and processing existing data, then described so that it can become an understanding for readers. The results of this study, it shows that the Sidoarjo City Police applies professional ethics as an evaluation material for improving service quality and has implemented it in accordance with public service standards that have been set by the government in Law Number 25 of 2009 concerning Public Services.

Penerapan Etika Bisnis Islam Dalam Transaksi Jual Beli Sembako Di Pasar Kedurus Surabaya

The high market demand for necessities has increased their business, but many of them do not fully understand islamic business ethics in buying and selling transactions. The purpose of this research is to identify and analyze the application of islamic business ethics in the purchase and sale of necessities at the Kedurus Market in Surabaya City. The descriptive qualitative method was used in the research. The techniques used to collect research data include observation, interviews, and documentation. According to the findings of this study, the application of islamic business ethics in buying and selling groceries at Kedurus Market only applies and carries out four principles of islamic business ethics, namely unity, balance, free will, and responsibility. The application of truth or honesty principle has not been applied by basic food traders because they do not explain the honesty of the quality of goods to buyers during trading. However, purchasing and selling transactions have been carried out by the pillars of purchasing and selling, as well as the form of purchasing ande selling used by food traders, namely ba’i an-naqd, ba’i salam, ba’i ajal, and ba’i musawamah. And the most common khiyar is khiyar majlis and khiyar aib.

Peranan Etika Bisnis dalam Perusahaan Maspion

Applied ethics includes a branch called "business ethics" that aims to keep tabs on a company's morals and ethics under tight scrutiny. Business ethics and effective management are crucial, but they are not the main determinants of a company's success. The business sector is very competitive, and ethics in the workplace are taken for granted. Regardless of whether the information is good or bad, it can spread swiftly. Businesses can only exist if they treat their customers and suppliers with respect, as well as their investors and the general public. The fierce competition in business leads to a lack of attention to corporate ethics on the part of executives.

A consciência quântica como fundamento da realidade no pensamento de Amit Goswami

Quantum Consciousness is worked on, investigating from Amit Goswami how how “she” can be, ontologically, the foundation of reality at its most fundamental level and how it can become immanent. The objective is to present the concept of consciousness in a historical perspective as prior to materiality. It describes how the consciousness unfolds in subject and object provoking the phenomenal experience. It unveils a universal element that permeates everything and opens possibilities for application in ethics and in everything where there is the presence of a conscious being. Everything has been found to be possibility in quantum consciousness until the observer collapses making the transcendent immanent. It is hypothesized that quantum consciousness is the foundation of reality and that all people and beings have a common origin.