Application Of Energy Storage Technology Research Articles

Improving the Energy Storage Performance in Bi0.5Na0.5TiO3-Based Ceramics by Combining Relaxor and Antiferroelectric Properties.

Ceramic capacitors have received great attention for use in pulse power systems owing to their ultra-fast charge-discharge rate, good temperature stability, and excellent fatigue resistance. However, the low energy storage density and low breakdown strength (BDS) of ceramic capacitors limit the practical applications of energy storage technologies. In this work, we present a series of relaxor ferroelectric ceramics (1-x) [0.94 Bi0.5Na0.5TiO3 -0.06BaTiO3]- x Sr0.7Bi0.2TiO3 (1-x BNT-BT- x SBT; x = 0, 0.20, 0.225, 0.25, 0.275 and 0.30) with improved energy storage performances by combining relaxor and antiferroelectric properties. XRD, Raman spectra, and SEM characterizations of BNT-BT-SBT ceramics revealed a rhombohedral-tetragonal phase, highly dynamic polar nanoregions, and a reduction in grain size with a homogeneous and dense microstructure, respectively. A high dielectric constant of 1654 at 1 kHz and low remnant polarization of 1.39 µC/cm2 were obtained with the addition of SBT for x = 0.275; these are beneficial for improving energy storage performance. The diffuse phase transition of these ceramics displays relaxor behavior, which is improved with SBT and confirmed by modified the Curie-Weiss law. The combining relaxor and antiferroelectric properties with fine grain size by the incorporation of SBT enables an enhanced maximum polarization of a minimized P-E loop, leading to an improved BDS. As a result, a high recoverable energy density Wrec of 1.02 J/cm3 and a high energy efficiency η of 75.98% at 89 kV/cm were achieved for an optimum composition of 0.725 [0.94BNT-0.06BT]-0.275 SBT. These results demonstrate that BNT-based relaxor ferroelectric ceramics are good candidates for next-generation ceramic capacitors and offer a potential strategy for exploiting novel high-performance ceramic materials.

Systemic Analysis of The Application of Energy Storage Technology in The Power System

Systemic Analysis of The Application of Energy Storage Technology in The Power System

Interlayer expansion and conductive networking of MoS2 nanoroses mediated by bio-derived carbon for enhanced potassium-ion storage

Potassium-ion batteries (PIBs) represent a promising battery technology for energy storage applications. Nevertheless, the progress of PIBs is still hindered by the lack of electrode materials that allow rapid and repeatable accommodation of the large K+ ions. Herein, a composite anode material containing interlayered-expanded MoS2 (55.6% larger) nanoroses in carbon nanonets (MoS2/C@CNs) is designed with the assistance of biomass bagasse, of which the dual carbon sources convert into interlayer and skeleton carbon, respectively. The unique structure facilitates electron/ion transport in the entire electrode and offers excellent structural stability, leading to much improved electrochemical performance compared to simple MoS2/C composite and pure MoS2. Furthermore, the role of electrolyte salts (potassium hexafluorophosphate and potassium bis(fluorosulfonyl)imide) and the electrolyte concentration on the interfacial properties in PIBs have been explored. The results indicate that the low-concentration potassium bis(fluorosulfonyl)imide electrolyte helps to produce optimized organic-inorganic solid electrolyte interface films, contributing to a capacity retention of 90% after 1,000 cycles at 2 A g-1.

Preparation and properties of gel-type low-temperature phase change materials

In the context of the dual‑carbon target, there is a high emphasis on the energy efficiency of traditional mechanical cold storage systems with significant power consumption. Additionally, the implementation of time-of-use electricity pricing has played a crucial role in driving the rapid advancement of energy storage technology. The application of energy storage technology in cold storage can significantly reduce the energy consumption of the refrigeration system, save operating costs by shifting peak demand to valleys, and reduce start and stop frequencies. Therefore, studying phase-change materials with high latent heat, low cost, and good performance for cold storage is of great practical application in cold storage. The paper developed four types of gel-type phase-change cold storage materials with high latent heat, low cost, and good cycle stability. These materials mainly consist of NH4Cl, KCl, and deionized water. The phase transition temperature ranges from −18 to −21 °C, the latent heat of phase change is approximately 260 to 289 J/g, and the thermal conductivity ranges from 0.58 to 0.60 W/(m·K), which can meet the cooling demand of cold storage facilities. Furthermore, by comparing the phase transition temperature, latent heat value of phase change, and cyclic stability, a gel-type PCM with good comprehensive properties was selected for corrosion and corrosion inhibition studies with five common metal samples in welded and non-welded forms. The results showed that material B2 had slight corrosion on 1060 aluminum, 6061 aluminum, and 304 stainless steels, but no obvious corrosion phenomenon was found on 316 stainless steels. The corrosion rate of the material on red copper was the highest, and the corrosion was too strong. In addition, the corrosion of welded parts is more serious than that of non-welded parts, and the welding points are more susceptible to corrosion. Adding the corrosion inhibitor BTA to material B2 can reduce the corrosion rate of red copper by more than 94 %.

Optimization of Frequency Modulation Energy Storage Configuration in Power Grid Based on Equivalent Full Cycle Model

This paper aims to meet the challenges of large-scale access to renewable energy and increasingly complex power grid structure, and deeply discusses the application value of energy storage configuration optimization scheme in power grid frequency modulation. Based on the equivalent full cycle model and a large number of actual operation data, various energy storage technologies are technically analyzed, and the economic and environmental performance of different energy storage configuration schemes are comprehensively evaluated. On this basis, this paper puts forward a set of efficient and economical energy storage configuration optimization strategies to meet the demand of power grid frequency modulation and promote the wide application of energy storage technology. After an in-depth analysis, it is found that the optimized energy storage configuration scheme is excellent in technology, economy, and environmental protection. Specifically, in terms of technical performance, the optimization scheme has significantly improved key indicators such as energy storage efficiency, capacity and power, and response speed, which can better meet the requirements of power grid frequency modulation. Through the verification of actual operation data, it is found that the overall efficiency of the optimized energy storage configuration scheme is above 55%, which is helpful to the stability and efficiency of power grid frequency modulation. In terms of economic performance, although the initial investment cost of the optimization scheme may be high, it is found that it has good economy through the evaluation of long-term operation benefits. Considering that the energy storage system can reduce the operating cost of the power grid, improve the energy utilization rate, and achieve the optimization of cost-effectiveness in the long run, this scheme is economically feasible and attractive. In terms of environmental performance, the optimization scheme effectively reduces the negative impact on the environment by improving energy storage efficiency, reducing emissions, and optimizing resource utilization. This is not only conducive to the sustainable development of the power grid but also in line with the current global trend of promoting green and low-carbon transformation. To sum up, this paper not only provides an efficient and economical energy storage allocation optimization strategy for power grid frequency modulation but also provides a scientific basis for relevant decision-making departments. By promoting the practical application and development of energy storage technology, this paper is helpful to improve the frequency modulation ability of power grid, optimize energy structure, and reduce environmental pollution, and thus achieve the goal of sustainable energy development. The data results and in-depth analysis of this paper provide strong support for the practical application of energy storage configuration optimization scheme and also provide important reference for the further innovation and development of energy storage technology.

Extraction Of LiCl From Low-Purity Chlorides Through Solid Electrolyte Towards High-Purity Li2CO3 Production.

Lithium carbonate (Li2CO3) plays a crucial role in advancing state-of-the-art lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) for efficient energy storage. The primary source of lithium is lithium-rich brines, which have complex compositions. Conventional extraction processes from brines involve cumbersome methods that often lead to emissions and/or large volumes of wastewater. To address these environmental challenges, a novel and eco-friendly lithium extraction process under ambient pressure is necessary. In this project, we developed an electrolytic process utilizing a NASICON-type solid-state electrolyte (LATP) to extract lithium chloride from low-purity sources at a temperature of 380 °C. To reduce the melting points of the lithium sources, ZnCl2 was introduced as a fluxing agent. The electrolytic process effectively separated Li+ from other coexisting ions, but resulted in their mixture with Zn2+. Subsequently, purification and carbonation processes were employed to produce high-purity Li2CO3 (98.9 %). We also obtained high-purity Zn(OH)2 (>99.9 %) as a value by-product. Despite the formation of color centers that caused the LATP disk to change from white to black during the electrolytic process, it exhibited sufficient ionic conductivity for successful lithium extraction. Our environmentally friendly approach offers a promising pathway for efficient and sustainable lithium extraction, contributing to the advancement of LIB technology for energy storage applications.

A Comprehensive Review of Current and Emerging Binder Technologies for Energy Storage Applications

A Comprehensive Review of Current and Emerging Binder Technologies for Energy Storage Applications

Analysis of "Source-Network-Load-Storage" Integrated Operation Mode for Park Microgrids

This article discusses the concept and characteristics of a park microgrid, as well as the principles and analysis of the integrated operation mode of "generation-network-load-storage". A park microgrid refers to the supply and management of energy within a park through distributed power generation sources, microgrid network architecture, load management, and energy storage technologies. By analyzing distributed power generation sources, optimizing microgrid network architecture, load forecasting and management, as well as the selection and application of energy storage technologies, the energy supply diversification and efficient optimization of the park microgrid can be achieved. This article summarizes the above content and emphasizes the importance of the integrated operation mode for the park microgrid.

Effects of mushy-zone parameter on simulating melting and solidification phenomena inside a spherical capsule

The research on latent heat storage technology is beneficial for the large-scale popularization and application of energy storage technology. In order to solve the difficulties in the latent thermal energy storage (LTES) technology, numerical studies of the solid–liquid phase-change process of LTES units using the enthalpy-porosity method have become research hotspots. Among them, the importance of studying the mushy-zone parameter has been neglected. In this paper, a two-dimensional numerical model is created based on the enthalpy-porosity method to investigate the effects of different mushy-zone parameters within a wide range [104–108 kg/(m3·s)] on the melting and solidification processes of the spherical phase change material capsule. A comprehensive examination of the fluid flow and heat transfer characteristics during two phase-change processes is conducted. Meanwhile, the morphology of the solid–liquid phase boundary and the evolution of the mushy zone under different mushy-zone parameters are discussed in detail. It is worth mentioning that a new analytical perspective is innovated by proposing the “eccentricity phenomenon,” and the eccentricity law is further explored. The results show that the influence mechanisms of the mushy-zone parameters on the melting and solidification processes differ greatly. This paper emphasizes the significance of exploring the mushy zone and provides adequate guidance for future simulation studies to determine the mushy-zone parameter.

Collaborative decision-making model for capacity allocation of photovoltaics energy storage system under Energy Internet in China

Solving the problem of photovoltaics abandonment and power limitation and improving resource utilization is particularly important to promote the sustainable development of the PV industry. With the innovative development and continuous application of energy storage technology, energy storage has become an indispensable part of photovoltaic power generation, realizing the consuming goal of abandoned photovoltaics. This paper studies the synergistic management of PV power generation based on the perspective of value chain, and constructs a complex value chain system with PV power generation subsystem and energy storage subsystem as the key subsystem—photovoltaics energy storage system (PVESS). Firstly, a value co-creation analysis framework for promoting capacity allocation of PVESS under the Energy Internet is analyzed. Secondly, the basic model of hybrid energy storage system (HESS) combining battery energy storage system (BESS) and superconducting magnetic energy storage system (SMES) is constructed. Thirdly, a multi-objective collaborative decision model is established with the objective functions of minimum economic cost, minimum abandoned photovoltaics and minimum load outage rate for the hybrid energy storage system (HESS). And the hybrid particle swarm algorithm (HPSO) algorithm and Vlsekriterijumska Optimizacija I Kompromisno Resenje (VIKOR) method are used to determine the optimal system configuration. Finally, the validity and feasibility of the model are proved by the results of collaborative decision making and sensitivity analysis. The proposed collaborative decision suggestions for capacity allocation is adopted to facilitate the collaborative and effective operation of the system. This study can also provide insightful enlightenment for PVESS project investors, collaborative decision-making professionals and decision makers.

3D printing flexible supercapacitors based on crosslinked poly (acrylic acid‐co‐vinylimidazole)

AbstractSupercapacitors are an attractive technology for energy storage applications as they allow for fast charging of devices. The fabrication of flexible supercapacitors by additive manufacturing is a promising approach to produce energy storage components for applications where material flexibility and complex geometries are desirable. In this work, digital light projection (DLP) additive manufacturing is used to fabricate polymer electrolytes for flexible supercapacitors based on crosslinked poly(acrylic acid‐co‐vinylimidazole) (PAAVim). Ion gels are prepared through equilibration with 4M lithium chloride (LiCl) in ethylene glycol, deionized (DI) water and ethylene glycol/DI water mixtures. Flexibility and stretchability varied depending on the equilibration solvent with prepared PAAVim/LiCl polymer electrolytes exhibiting up to ˜700% elongation at break. Subsequent flexible supercapacitors fabricated by sandwiching the ion gel between carbon cloth electrodes delivered 60 F/g specific capacitance at the scan rate of 0.2 A/g with an energy density of 8.3 Wh/kg and a power density of 99.8 W/kg. Overall, this work demonstrates the fabrication of flexible capacitors through DLP additive manufacturing, where the resulting material physical and electrochemical properties can be varied through control over the resin chemistry.

Numerical study on heat storage efficiency of broken rock mass under different CO2 injection conditions

The application of energy storage technology can solve the problems of randomness and volatility in the development and use of renewable energy, such as wind and solar energy, and effectively improve energy utilization. Rock heat storage is one of the primary forms of sensible heat storage. The heat storage efficiency and heat storage capacity of rock packed bed are important indicators to measure the energy storage effect of a rock energy storage system. This paper takes CO2 as the heat-carrying medium and broken granite grains as the packed bed matrix of the energy storage system. It establishes a porous medium thermal-hydraulic-mechanical coupling model of the broken rock bed. The heat injection and production process of the large-sized rock bed heat storage system is simulated using the COMSOL finite element software, and the heat storage efficiency and heat storage capacity of the broken rock bed is analyzed under different fluid injection pressures and injection temperatures. The results show that: 1) With the increase of CO2 injection pressure, the heat storage and heat production speed of the heat storage system will increase, and the heat storage rate changes from two stages of “low rise - slow decline” to four stages of “rapid increase—stability—rapid decrease—stability”; 2) With the increase of CO2 injection temperature, the maximum heat storage capacity of the rock bed heat storage system will increase. Due to the increase in the temperature gradient between CO2 and the rock bed, the heat storage and the heat production time of the heat storage system will increase, and its speed will decrease.

Unveiling the mutual ion-storage mechanism of dual-carbon NaTFSI-WiSE Cells: A molecular dynamics study

The application of sodium cation in electrochemical devices has been considered an alternative technology for energy storage applications. Water-in-salt electrolyte (WiSE) combined with dual-carbon electrodes can be considered an emerging eco-friendly alternative, however, several problems remain in debate, e.g., what is the ion-storage mechanism? Thus, we carried out molecular dynamics investigations considering three different dual-carbon sodium-WiSE cells at different salt/water concentrations, namely, 4.50, 6.76, and 9.25molkg−1. Furthermore, we employed the constant potential model to simulate the charging behavior of these systems at two potential differences, namely, ΔΨ=1V and 2V. The best results for the total accumulated charge at 2V were from the 6.76m and 9.25m systems. From the analysis of the evolution of the local charge on the electrodes, we identified a crucial role in the mutual ions migration inside both the positive and negative sides of the dual-carbon. In general, cations are driven into the pores coordinated by water molecules and keep their solvation shell during all the simulation time. Except when they are highly confined into narrow pores, where they have fewer water molecules in their surroundings. Therefore, from our simulations and analyses, the storage mechanisms are associated with sodium adsorption together with H2O co-embedding.

Ti2CTx–MXene aerogel based ultra–stable Zn–ion supercapacitor

Zn–ion supercapacitors (ZISCs) have emerged as a potential technology for energy storage applications because of their rich natural resources, eco–friendly nature, and excellent safety. However, the development of ZISC is in its early stages, and work on cathode materials is still required to significantly improve the charge storage ability. Herein, ZISC is assembled by combining zinc metal anode and Ti2CTx–MXene aerogel (MXene–A) as a cathode (denoted by MXene–A//Zn). The MXene–A cathode material provides high structural stability, an abundance of active sites, and an excess of open channels, which allow rapid ion diffusion. The MXene–A//Zn exhibits a high specific capacitance of 233.5 F/g at 1 A/g, with capacitance retention of 98.3% after 5000 cycles and Coulombic–efficiency close to 99%. The MXene–A//Zn exhibited outstanding charge performance, and the capacitive mechanism is predominant in total charge (73.6% at 4 mV/s). Additionally, the MXene–A//Zn demonstrates a maximum energy density of 129.83 W h/kg at a power density of 1000.8 W/kg. This work introduces a novel approach to the design of energy storage devices with enhanced electrochemical performance.

Present Situation and Prospects of Energy Storage Technology in the Context of New Power System Construction

With the promotion of new power system construction, due to the real-time-balance characteristics of power system and the randomness and volatility of renewable energy, the power system needs more adjustable means, which boost the development of large-scale energy storage. This paper summarizes the problems faced by new power system operation with large-scale grid-connected renewable energy. Furthermore, the current mainstream energy storage technology and its development status are summarized. On this basis, the security, economy, system and mechanism problems faced by large-scale application of energy storage technology in power system are proposed. Finally, the key development directions and prospects of large-scale energy storage applications are prospected.

Research on the Application and Control Strategy of Energy Storage in Rail Transportation

With the development of the global economy and the increase in environmental awareness, energy technology in transportation, especially the application of energy storage technology in rail transportation, has become a key area of research. Rail transportation systems are characterized by high energy consumption and poor power quality due to the more flexible regulation capability of energy storage technology in these aspects. This paper summarizes the latest research results on energy storage in rail transportation systems, matches the characteristics of energy storage technologies with the energy storage needs of rail transportation, and analyzes the operation of energy storage systems in different scenarios. The adaptability of batteries, supercapacitors, and flywheels as energy storage systems for rail transportation is summarized and compared. The topologies and integration methods of various energy storage systems are studied. The control strategies under each control of rail transportation are summarized and proposed. The future development direction of energy storage system for rail transportation prospects and the corresponding reference is provided for the engineering of energy storage technology in the field of rail transportation.

Techno-economic comparison of different hybrid energy storage systems for off-grid renewable energy applications based on a novel probabilistic reliability index

The application of energy storage technologies is crucial to the extensive exploitation of renewable energy for power generation in off-grid areas because energy storage can mitigate the intermittency of renewables and balance the supply–demand mismatch. A hybrid energy storage system (HESS) with two or more heterogenous and supplementary energy storages outperforms single energy storage from the perspective of reliability and cost-effectiveness, but how to select the optimal HESS configuration is still unknown. To this end, this paper investigates the techno-economic comparison of ten HESSs in off-grid renewable energy system applications, including all pairwise combinations of thermal energy storage, pumped hydro storage, hydrogen storage, battery, and supercapacitor. Moreover, a novel probabilistic reliability index called loss of power supply probability with probability of exceedance (LPSP-PoE) is proposed to quantitatively handle the long-term uncertainties of renewable energy resources. The rule-based coordinated energy management strategies considering the charging/discharging priority and optimized operating thresholds are established for different HESSs, and then the multi-objective optimization models aiming to minimize net present cost and LPSP-PoE are developed to search the optimal components sizing and operating thresholds simultaneously. Finally, the results of case studies show that: (1) the optimal net present cost of thermal energy storage-battery at the highest reliability level is 3.3472 billion USD, which is 6.98 %∼69.85 % lower than the figure for other HESSs, indicating that thermal energy storage-battery is the most cost-effective HESS configuration; (2) The optimal charging/discharging priority can lead to 29.6 %∼75.2 % cost reduction, and the optimal operating thresholds can always achieve the lowest LPSP, illustrating the superiority of the proposed operation strategies; (3) the techno-economic performance of all HESSs varies significantly with the PoE level and load profile, while their rankings remain basically unchanged, showing the robustness of the comparison results.

A Multi-Criteria Decision-Making Approach for Energy Storage Technology Selection Based on Demand

Energy storage technologies can reduce grid fluctuations through peak shaving and valley filling and effectively solve the problems of renewable energy storage and consumption. The application of energy storage technologies is aimed at storing energy and supplying energy when needed according to the storage requirements. The existing research focuses on ranking technologies and selecting the best technologies, while ignoring storage requirements. Here, we propose a multi-criteria decision-making (MCDM) framework for selecting a suitable technology based on certain storage requirements. Specifically, we consider nine criteria in four aspects: technological, economic, environmental, and social. The interval number, crisp number, and linguist terms can be transformed into a probabilistic dual hesitant fuzzy set (PDHFS) through the transformation and fusion method we proposed, and a suitable technology can be selected through distance measurements. Subsequently, the proposed method is applied in a representative case study for energy storage technology selection in Shanxi Province, and a sensitivity analysis gives different scenarios for elaboration. The results show that the optimal selection of energy storage technology is different under different storage requirement scenarios. The decision-making model presented herein is considered to be versatile and adjustable, and thus, it can help decision makers to select a suitable energy storage technology based on the requirements of any given use case.

Application of Energy Storage Technology in Wind Power Generation System

Application of Energy Storage Technology in Wind Power Generation System

An Analysis of the Application of Energy Storage Technology in Power Systems

With the rapid development of China’s economy, the coverage area of China’s power grid is expanding, and users have higher requirements for the quality and reliability of electrical energy. And the development of energy storage technology has improved the stability of power system operation, voltage and frequency regulation, load compensation, and also injected new development ideas into the planning and design of power systems, manufacturing control, etc. Energy storage technology occupies a very important position in the power system, the needs of its power system so as to enhance the availability of renewable energy and ensure that the power system can operate safely and stably. This paper provides further analysis and discussion on the application of energy storage technology in power systems.