Application Of Electrostatic Precipitators Research Articles

Direct observation of particle clustering and gas breakdown in charged granular streams

The dust layer formed by charged particles deposition significantly limit the collection efficiency and stable application of electrostatic precipitators (ESPs). However, the deposition characteristics and re-entrainment mechanism of charged particles in electric field still remain unclear. In this study, a transparent ESP was designed to investigate the dynamic process of charged particle deposition, clustering and gas breakdown in electric field. The results showed that deposited particles will aggregate and gradually grow in chains in high-voltage electric field. The length of chain agglomerates can exceed 10 mm. And interelectrode gas breakdown could suddenly occur, which significantly changed the particle charging characteristics and increased particle emission at the outlet. In addition, a perforated plate was proposed to inhibit the gas breakdown and particle re-entrainment. The mass concentrations of particle re-entrainment decreased by 85.2 % and 79.1 % for the spike electrode and the arista electrode at the applied voltage of 30 kV, respectively.

The Application of Electrostatic Precipitator (ESP) as Pollutant Reduction in Ship

The burning process of fuel from the main engine in ships impacts on air and sea pollution. Afterward, in overcoming the air pollution from the result burning in industry usually use electronic precipitator (ESP) by using electric field to precipitate gas pollutant from burning result. Thus, the aim of this research is making the concept of ESP (Electrostatic Precipitator) which can be used to reduce pollutant from the result burning in the main engine. Afterward, this research is used experiment as its method. The results of this study shows that before using the ESP tool, the NO2 levels is 7.70 mg/Nm3, while after using ESP Nitrogen Oxide (NO2) levels dropped to 3.85 mg/Nm3. Before using the ESP, the data on emissions gas had SO2 levels of 72.3 mg/Nm3, while after using ESP the levels of Nitrogen Oxide (NO2) dropped to 39.6 mg/Nm3. The level of Nitrogen Oxide (NO2) in gas emissions drops to 50% while the level of Sulfur Dioxide (SO2) in emission gas drops to 45.2%.

Fine particle migration and collection in a wet electrostatic precipitator

ABSTRACTElectrostatic precipitation is considered as an effective technology for fine particle removal. A lab-scale wet electrostatic precipitator (ESP) with wire-to-plate configuration was developed to study particle migration and collection. The performance of the wet ESP was evaluated in terms of the corona discharge characteristics, total removal efficiency and fractional removal efficiency. The corona discharge characteristics and particle removal abilities of the wet ESP were investigated and compared with dry ESP. Particle removal efficiency was influenced by discharge electrode type, SO2 concentration, specific collection area (SCA) and particle/droplet interaction. Results showed that the particle removal efficiency of wet ESP was elevated to 97.86% from 93.75% of dry ESP. Three types of discharge electrodes were investigated. Higher particle removal efficiency and larger migration velocity could be obtained with fishbone electrode. Particle removal efficiency decreased by 2.87% when SO2 concentration increased from 0 ppm to 43 ppm as a result of the suppression of corona discharge and particle charging. The removal efficiency increased with higher SCA, but it changed by only 0.71% with the SCA increasing from 25.0 m2/(m3/s) to 32.5 m2/(m3/s). Meanwhile, the increasing of particle and droplet concentration was favorable to the particle aggregation and improved particle removal efficiency.Implications: This work tends to study the particle migration and collection under spraying condition. The performance of a wet electrostatic precipitator (ESP) is evaluated in terms of the corona discharge characteristics, total particle removal efficiency, and fractional particle removal efficiency. The effects of water droplets on particle removal, especially on removal of particles with different sizes, is investigated. The optimization work was done to determine appropriate water consumption, discharge electrode type, and specific collection area, which can provide a basis for wet ESP design and application.

Studies, Modification and Application of Electrostatic Precipitators - A Review

Studies, Modification and Application of Electrostatic Precipitators - A Review

Automated Design of a High-Power High-Frequency LCC Resonant Converter for Electrostatic Precipitators

This work presents an automated design procedure for series parallel resonant converters (LCC) employed in electrostatic precipitator (ESP) power supplies, which reduces the designer effort significantly. The requirements for the power supplies in ESP applications and means to derive an accurate mathematical model of the LCC converter, such as the power loss from commercial insulated-gate bipolar transistors, are described in detail in this paper. The converter parameters, such as resonant tank elements, are selected in order to improve the overall efficiency of the system, when a typical ESP energization operation range is considered. The analysis comprises two different control strategies: the conventional variable frequency control and the dual control. Both control strategies are analyzed by comparing semiconductor losses of five commercial modules. Finally, the circuit operation and design are verified with a 60 kW LCC resonant converter test setup.

Application of electrostatic precipitator in collection of smoke particles from hospital wastes combustion

The paper reports the development and implementation of a cost-effective electrostatic precipitator (ESP) prototype for the medical wastes incinerator of university hospital centre (CHU) of Sidi-Bel-Abbes, using a water washing system for cleaning electrodes. The impact of medical waste incineration on human health is a topical debate. The incineration process is a safe mode of disposal [OK] of such waste, but it is not an effective solution and needs a pollution control system. Generally, in Africa, cost is the major constraint for manufacturers and users. A half-scale ESP model was initially used for an experimental study in the laboratory. Thereafter, a full-scale model was produced and installed for the incinerator based on the optimal values obtained from this preliminary study.

Collection of low resistivity fly ash in an electrostatic precipitator

Due to increasing restrictions on dust emission limits (IED directive), particularly in the fine particle size range, wider application of electrostatic precipitators (ESPs) in cleaning the combustion gases from stoker boilers can be anticipated. The objective of the model studies in this paper was to select the optimal construction of the discharge electrode in ESP for obtaining high collection efficiency of fly ash leaving stoker boilers. In these studies a test bench was constructed, which comprised one-stage model ESPs with a set of discharge and collecting electrodes. The main dimensions of the precipitator chamber were as follows: length of electric field 2.0 m; active height 0.45 m and spacing between the collecting electrodes 0.4 m. Four constructions of discharge electrode were tested for fly ash of different fractional sizes and chemical compositions. The aim of the tests was to determine the current-voltage characteristics and the discharge current distribution on the collection electrode so as to find out the optimal construction and ensure the maximal collection efficiency of ESP. The results of the collection efficiency measurements in these tests were compared with those obtained from an ordinary industrial ESP. The comparison shows that it is necessary to optimise the discharge electrode construction for a specific physico-chemical property of fly ash so as to obtain the highest collection efficiency.

Application of Electrostatic Precipitator in Collection of Smoke Aerosol Particles from Wood Combustion

A simple wire-plate electrostatic precipitator (ESP) was constructed in order to test the efficiency of collecting smoke particles from combustion of rubber-wood that is used as a source of biomass energy. The ESP contains a maximum of 15 collection plate electrodes and 20 wire electrodes per row between plates. The maximum input voltage of the Wheatstone bridge circuit using a high-voltage neon transformer was 13.5 kV (DC). The gap between plates and the distance between wires were adjustable. Results from the field test in a furnace indicate that the device could be used for a period of about one hour before cleaning the electrodes was required. The collection efficiency was decreased during the course of wood burning as the dust loading increased. Maximum efficiency was near 80% during the initial period. The distance between the collection plate electrodes had a greater influence on efficiency than the distance between the wire electrodes. The cleaning system used in this experiment was made from a row of PVC pipes to allow water to discharge radially to the plate electrodes on both sides. This system was equipped with the case of maximum collection efficiency that had a 50 mm gap between collection plate electrodes and a 64 mm distance between wire electrodes. Efficiency was increased after 120 minutes and maintained a collection efficiency of about 60%. This ESP is suitable for small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) to alleviate the release of detrimental chemicals such as PAHs into the atmosphere.

328 道路トンネル用環境対策技術(S39-1 トンネルの空気力学と換気(道路と環境),S39 トンネルの空気力学と換気)

Electrostatic Precipitator (ESP) is one of the environmental preservation systems for road tunnel. ESP for road tunnel is achieved to treat high air volume with high air flow because it is installed in very limited space like a road tunnel and a tunnel ventilation station. In this paper, we describe the application of ESP for road tunnel ventilation station which is extremely limited space and has sudden widen duct. We apply CFD method to unify the air flow and measure the actual air flow.

Application of ESP for gas cleaning in cement industry — with reference to India

Electrostatic precipitators (ESP) are used for gas cleaning in almost every section of cement manufacture. Application of ESP is studied, keeping in view Indian conditions. The characterisation of dust emissions has been done for different units, such as rotary kiln and raw mill, alkali by-pass, clinker cooler, cement and coal mill, in terms of exit gas quantity, temperature, dew point, dust content and particle size. It is seen that all these characteristics have a wide range of variance. The ESP system must effectively deal with these variations. The fundamental analytical expression governing the performance of ESP, i.e. the Deutsch equation, and that for particle migration velocity, were analysed to predict the effect of major operating parameters, namely particle size, temperature and applied voltage. Whereas the migration velocity (and the efficiency) varies directly with the particle size, it is proportional to the square and square root of applied voltage and absolute temperature of the gas, respectively. The increase in efficiency due to temperature is not seen in dc based ESP, perhaps due to more pronounced negative effect on the applied voltage due to the increase in dust resistivity at higher temperatures. The effect of gas and dust characteristics on the collection efficiency of ESP, as seen in the industrial practice, is summarised. Some main process and design improvements effectively dealing with the problem of gas and dust characteristics have been discussed. These are gas conditioning, pulse energisation, ESP-fabric filter (FF) combination, improved horizontal flow as well as open top ESP. Generally, gas conditioning entails higher operating and maintenance costs. Pulse energisation allows the use of hot gas, besides reducing the dust emission and power consumption. The improved horizontal flow ESP has been successfully used in coal dust cleaning. The open top or vertical flow ESP has a limitation on collection efficiency as it provides for only one electric field.

A Study of Fly Ash Resistivity Characteristics Generated from the Coal Fired Power Plant as a Function of Water Concentration and Temperature

Recent studies have been directed toward obtaining a better understanding of the application of electrostatic precipitators to collect fly ash particles produced in a coal-fired power plant. Electrical resistivity can be described as the resistance of the collected dust layer to the flow of electrical current and is an important property for the collection efficiency in the electrostatic precipitator. In this paper, fly ash resistivity as a function of temperature up to has been experimentally investigated using the resistivity meter consisted of the movable electrode, dust cup, and furnace. Resistivity was found to increase with increased temperature up to due to the reduction of water concentration and then gradually decrease with increased temperature due to the activation of electrons. As the resistivity of fly ash in the flue gas temperature of was measured > ohm cm, the efficiency of fly ash removal in the electrostatic precipitator might be expected to be low due to back-corona phenomenon. Flue gas conditioning in the electrostatic precipitator to reduce the resistivity of fly ash as required.

An optical study of negative-corona tuft distribution for pulsed electrostatic precipitator applications

The authors describe the use of an optical multichannel analyser (OMA) to obtain quantitative information on corona discharge characteristics for use in the simulation of pulse-energised electrostatic precipitation. Results for a bench-scale wire-plate system are presented and discussed. These results are then incorporated into a simulation of corona in a wire-tube geometry and the simulation results are compared with measured I-V characteristics to illustrate the importance of the OMA-derived information. For pulses superimposed on a DC bias (as is common in electrostatic precipitator applications), it is found that a more uniformly distributed corona results when the DC bias is below the corona threshold. However, if the DC bias is held above the corona inception voltage, there is no improvement in uniformity over the case of pure DC energisation.

Electrostatic Precipitator Applications in the Paper Industry

A survey of paper industry applications of electrostatic precipita-tors reveals problem areas and compares operators' experience on both tile shell and heated steel jacket units. In addition, items such as dew point operation, corrosion, electrode cleaning, wire breakage, etc. are discussed.

The Separation Efficiency and Electric Behaviour of Cement Kiln Dust in Electrostatic Precipitator

Application of electrostatic precipitator is the most important basic method relating to the emission control in cement industry as well. The most critical dust concerning the separation by electrostatic precipitator in the cement factory is the hot kiln gas dust. At first, corona method of particle charging is discussed. Among others change of electrical resistivity of dust against temperature and humidity of gas is considered. The electrical conduction mechanisms of dust particles are interpreted by our measuring method in order to characterize conditioning methods for overcoming the high electrical resistivity problems in the case of kiln dust.

Application of Electrostatic Precipitator to the Gasoline Engine

In order to control air pollution in automobile exhaust particulates, the authors applied the electrostatic precipitator (E. P.) to the gasoline engine. The trial E. P. have two features to be mounted on the automobiles. The first point is the compact design of E. P. The other point is high voltage power source was supplied from car's battery by a method of using the trial DC-AC invertor. In this study two kinds of engines have been used; one is 4 cycle engine, Nissan Prince 1500cc, and the other is 2 cycle engine, Suzuki Fronte 360cc. The test was perfomed under no load driving.The results are summarized as follow:1) Collection efficiency was rather satisfactory.2) Particle size distribution of 4 cycle engine exhaust showed to obey log-normal distribution. and it's particle size was mostly to be so much smaller than 1μm diameter.3) About 35 percent of lead supply in fuel were emitted under our condition. The remainder were accumulated in the engine and exhaust system as deposit.E. P. is available in air pollution control. We have the dawn of hope for applying the E. P. to the gasoline engine.

The Application of Electrostatic Precipitators for the Control of Container Glass Emissions

The glass container industry is faced for the first time with the problem of selecting and installing air pollution control equipment on their furnaces. Equipment selection and design and application factors associated with installing an electrostatic precipitator are discussed. Preliminary engineering studies, engineering check list items, bid evaluation, costs, testing, and performance guarantees are also covered.

Information Required for the Selection and Application of Electrostatic Precipitators for the Collection of Dry Particulate Material

Information Required for the Selection and Application of Electrostatic Precipitators for the Collection of Dry Particulate Material

Application of Electrostatic Precipitators for The Control of Fumes from Low Odor Pulp Mill Recovery Boilers

The cellulose pulping industry has long used electrostatic precipitators to collect soda ash entrained in recovery boiler flue gases. At a collection efficiency of 85 to 95%, the optimum economic situation is reached where capital outlay and operating expenses balance the value of the chemicals recovered over the life of the equipment. In recent years, however, stringent governmental regulation of particulate emissions has necessitated collection efficiencies above 99%. Although economic operation can not be achieved, traditional precipitator design is readily adaptable to these higher collection efficiencies. The pulp and paper industry in the United States has recently embarked upon a program to eliminate the emission of odorous gases from pulp mills. This involves q totally different operation of the kraft pulping liquor recovery process. Low odor operation of the recovery boiler results in a particulate emission with different physical properties than those produced by the traditional process. Electrostatic precipitators of the traditional design are incapable of handling this particulate emission. Fundamental changes in precipitator design and application are therefore necessary.

Collection of metallurgical fumes from oxygen lanced open hearth furnaces

The application of electrostatic precipitators to the collection of open hearth metallurgical fumes has proven very satisfactory at the Steel Co. of Canada. In our opinion, this type of equipment, properly engineered, is the most suitable for this operation. For this installation, no efforts were spared to make it one of the finest possible.