Application Of Effective Microorganisms Research Articles

태안 유출 원유의 생물정화를 위한 유용미생물 적용

We have studied bioremediation of effective microorganisms on crude oil spill in Taean, west-coast of Korea. Oil contaminated soil samples were collected on December 14, 2007, seven days after the Hebei Spirit oil-spilled accident. Total petroleum hydrocarbon (TPH) was measured to evaluate the effectiveness of effective microorganisms (EM) which were composed with yeast, photosynthetic bacteria and lactic acid bacteria on oil degradation. TPH concentration before EM treatment was 323.8 mg/kg, whereas TPH concentrations on 2 days after EM treatment and that of control (without EM) was 102.1 mg/kg and 170.6 mg/kg, respectively. On six days after EM treatment TPH was 91.3 mg/kg and that of control was 127.7 mg/kg. Percentages of degraded crude oil were 47.3% without EM and 68.5% with EM, 60.6% without EM and 71.8% with EM on 2 and 6 days after EM treatment, respectively. These results clearly showed that the application of effective microorganisms toward oil-contaminated soil was quite useful to degrade crude oil spill. These results were derived from the effects of biostimulation of microbial media nutrients and bioaugmentation of effective microorganisms. If we carefully apply these effective microorganisms, it can be a useful bioremediation method to recover oil-contaminated marine ecosystems.

Effect of Fungal Infection and the Application of the Biological Agent EM 1<sup>™</sup> on the Rate of Photosynthesis and Transpiration in Pea (<i>Pisum Sativum</i> L.) Leaves

Field experiments conducted during the years 2003-2005 showed that the rate of photosynthesis and transpiration decreased as a result of pea infection by Peronospora viciae. Foliar application of effective microorganisms (EM) combined with chemical control increased the rate of photosynthesis in pea, while other methods of EM application reduced net photosynthesis values (An). Chemical control and seed dressing with the tested biological agent caused a significant decrease in molar transpiration (E) values, compared to the control treatment. Soil application of EM contributed to inhibiting fungal pathogen infestation on pea plants.

The effect of three organic pre-harvest treatments on Swiss chard (Beta vulgaris L. var. cycla L.) quality

Despite the increasing interest in organic products, our understanding of how different organic treatments affect fruit and vegetable quality is still limited. The effect of three organic pre-harvest treatments [effective microorganisms (EM), a fermented mixture of effective microorganisms with organic matter (EM-Bokashi + EM), and an auxiliary soil product (Greengold®)] on Swiss chard quality was evaluated. The Swiss chard was analyzed 8 and 19 weeks after sowing. The treatments did not notably modify the physical and chemical quality of the chard when compared with control plants. Chard harvested 19 weeks after sowing showed greater differences in nutritional quality than chard harvested 8 weeks after sowing. Control plants had higher water content than the plants treated with EM, EM-Bokashi + EM and Greengold®. Chards treated with EM-Bokashi + EM had lower ascorbic acid content and higher phosphor and magnesium content than control plants. Application of EM to plants induced higher levels of calcium compared with non-treated plants.

Effect of Soil Type, Applications of Chicken Manure and Effective Microorganisms on Corn Yield and Microbial Properties of Acidic Wetland Soils in Indonesia

A field experiment was carried out to elucidate the effect of chicken manure (CM) and effective microorganisms (EM) on the yield of corn and chemical and microbial properties of acidic wetland soils. A split-split plot experimental design with three replications was used in this research. The main plot consisted of two types of soil. The sub-plot was for the application of CM, while the sub-sub plot was for the application of EM. Sweet corn seeds were planted and cultivated until harvest. Above ground plant biomass and round of the stem of an ear of corn were observed. Soil samples were taken and analyzed for chemical and microbial properties. The results showed that the interaction between soil types and CM application affected the corn yield, while EM had no effect. Similarly, the chemical and microbial characteristics of soils used were affected by soil type and the application of CM, while the effect of EM was not clear.

Effects of integrated use of organic and inorganic nutrient sources with effective microorganisms (EM) on seed cotton yield in Pakistan

A field experiment was conducted to determine the effects of integrated use of organic and inorganic nutrient sources with effective microorganisms on growth and yield of cotton. Treatments included: control; organic materials (OM); effective microorganisms (EM); OM+EM; mineral NPK (170:85:60 kg); 1/2 mineral NPK+EM; 1/2 mineral NPK+OM+EM and mineral NPK+OM+EM. OM and EM alone did not increase the yield and yield attributing components significantly but integrated use of both resulted in a 44% increase over control. Application of NPK in combination with OM and EM resulted in the highest seed cotton yield (2470 kg ha-1). Integrated use of OM+EM with 1/2 mineral NPK yielded 2091 kg ha-1, similar to the yield (2165 kg ha-1) obtained from full recommended NPK, indicating that this combination can substitute for 85 kg N ha-1. Combination of both N sources with EM also increased the concentrations of NPK in plants. Economic analysis suggested the use of 1/2 mineral NPK with EM+OM saves the mineral N fertilizer by almost 50% compared to a system with only mineral NPK application. This study indicated that application of EM increased the efficiency of both organic and mineral nutrient sources but alone was ineffective in increasing yield.

Improvement in Biological Nitrogen Fixation and Yield of Groundnut By the Application of Effective Microorganisms

Improvement in Biological Nitrogen Fixation and Yield of Groundnut By the Application of Effective Microorganisms