Correct Application Research Articles

New approaches in the fern genus Pteris (Pteridaceae) from Brazil

Background and aims: Pteris is widely distributed with ca. 65 species in the Tropics. In Brazil, 24 species were recognized and five of them are endemic to the Atlantic Forest. The objective of the present paper is to re-evaluate the taxonomy of Pteris occurring in Brazil, based on new morphological evidence of old and recent specimens deposited in herbaria, analysis of types, and observations in the field. M&M: The new approaches are based on morphological data such as SEM images of the spores and from the examination of herbarium collections mainly from SP and RB Herbaria. Results: Four species are being recognized in the present paper (P. lata, P. organensis, P. praealta, and P. sericea). For two of them, two new combinations into Pteris are presented: P. organensis and P. praealta. A key to distinguishing the newly recognized species and its relative taxa, as well as descriptions, illustrations, and comments are presented in this paper. Conclusions: By reviewing herbarium materials, mainly observing the morphology of the spores, and collecting more specimens in the field, it was possible to recognize three species (Pteris lata, P. organensis, and P. praealta) in Brazil and also verify the correct application of the name Pteris sericea to the Brazilian plants. All these names had been previously synonymized in previous studies. After this study, 27 species of Pteris are recognized in Brazil.

The legacy of STAHY: milestones, achievements, challenges, and open problems in statistical hydrology

ABSTRACT Statistical tools are crucial for a variety of hydrological applications, whether to model processes and enhance understanding and knowledge or to design infrastructure systems. Given the rapid evolution of statistical methods and the need for a solid theoretical foundation for their correct application, a multidisciplinary community STAtistics in HYdrology Working Group (STAHY-WG) aggregated under the International Association of Hydrological Sciences (IAHS) umbrella to contribute to this research field. Now, more than 15 years since its inception, this paper summarizes the main achievements of this productive community collaboration in four (of many) branches of statistical hydrology: extreme value analysis, multivariate analysis, time series analysis, and regionalization. The aim is to provide an overview of recent developments, offer practical suggestions (e.g. software packages), and outline future challenges to support scientists and practitioners in their endeavours within the realm of statistical hydrology studies.

From waste to wealth: sustainable approaches and novel strategies in the utilisation of food and dairy by‐products – a critical review

SummaryThe correct application of by‐products produced in the food and dairy industries is essential for attaining sustainability goals and minimising waste. By‐products, which used to be viewed as throwaway materials, have lately been recognised as valuable sources. By‐products can have significant nutritional, physiological and economic value. This paper addresses the novel techniques and technologies that have been employed to successfully transform these by‐products into products with value‐added hybrid products; there are also some instances of success mentioned, as well as the trends that will likely have an impact on the sector in the coming years. Through case studies and scientific insights, the reader may discover how businesses and society as a whole can benefit from using by‐products. Overall, the goal of this endeavour is to demonstrate the transformative potential of using food and dairy by‐products and to serve as an avenue of encouragement and knowledge for researchers, business executives and policymakers interested in increasing the value of by‐products in the food and dairy sectors. Despite the fact that there are a few articles on the utilisation of food and dairy by‐products, none of them have employed bibliometric analysis to reach insights. The present study is an exemplary instance of looking into the evolution of publication patterns over time, suggesting the need for additional research in this area.

Evaluation of the Turkish Population's Knowledge about Dental Implants

Aim: Dental implants have become the most preferred treatment method for tooth loss. The aim of this study is to evaluate the knowledge and preferences of individuals living in Turkey regarding dental implants. Material and Method: In this research, a multiple-choice questionnaire was administered to assess individuals' knowledge levels and reasons for preference concerning dental implants. The survey was conducted online among men and women aged 18-79 who had never undergone implant treatment, residing in various provinces of Turkey. The statistical analysis of the obtained data was performed using the SPSS program and the chi-square test. Results: A total of 429 individuals participated in the study, including 196 men (45.7%) and 233 women (54.3%). Of the participants, 47.9% learned about the concept of dental implants from dentists, and 57.6% reported having partial knowledge. A majority of 67.7% preferred to have implant treatment performed by a specialist dentist. 87.8% believed that dental implants are not harmful to health after treatment. Most participants indicated that the most crucial factor in the preference for implants is the dentist's recommendation (54.2%). Conclusion: This study provides significant data for understanding the knowledge levels and factors influencing the preferences of individuals regarding dental implants. While highlighting the critical role of dentists in providing information and guidance, it also underscores the need to increase awareness about dental implants among the general population. Accordingly, broader informational and educational efforts are necessary to promote more widespread and correct application of dental implant treatments.

Air Quality Sensor Experts Convene: Current Quality Assurance Considerations for Credible Data.

Air sensors can provide valuable non-regulatory and supplemental data as they can be affordably deployed in large numbers and stationed in remote areas far away from regulatory air monitoring stations. Air sensors have inherent limitations that are critical to understand before collecting and interpreting the data. Many of these limitations are mechanistic in nature, which will require technological advances. However, there are documented quality assurance (QA) methods to promote data quality. These include laboratory and field evaluation to quantitatively assess performance, the application of corrections to improve precision and accuracy, and active management of the condition or state of health of deployed air quality sensors. This paper summarizes perspectives presented at the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency's 2023 Air Sensors Quality Assurance Workshop (https://www.epa.gov/air-sensor-toolbox/quality-assurance-air-sensors#QAworkshop) by stakeholders (e.g., manufacturers, researchers, air agencies) and identifies the most pressing needs. These include QA protocols, streamlined data processing, improved total volatile organic compound (TVOC) data interpretation, development of speciated VOC sensors, and increased documentation of hardware and data handling. Community members using air sensors need training and resources, timely data, accessible QA approaches, and shared responsibility with other stakeholders. In addition to identifying the vital next steps, this work provides a set of common QA and QC actions aimed at improving and homogenizing air sensor QA that will allow stakeholders with varying fields and levels of expertise to effectively leverage air sensor data to protect human health.

Study and application of wide-azimuth seismic anisotropy analysis and correction in shale reservoir in Gulong Sag, Songliao Basin, China

Study and application of wide-azimuth seismic anisotropy analysis and correction in shale reservoir in Gulong Sag, Songliao Basin, China

Охотхозяйственное соглашение как гражданско-правовой договор

The article discusses issues related to legal regulation in the field of hunting and conservation of hunting resources. Special attention is paid to the civil law regulation of property relations, primarily those of obligations arising in connection with the conclusion and execution of a hunting agreement. As a result of the analysis of the legislative provisions of the Federal Law “On Hunting”, contradictions of certain norms of the Federal Law “On Hunting” to each other, as well as the legislative provisions of the Federal Law “On Hunting” to the legal requirements of the Civil Code of the Russian Federation, the vagueness and incompleteness of some legislative provisions of the Federal Law “On Hunting” were revealed. In such circumstances, the practical application of the provisions of the Federal Law “On Hunting” by participants in civil turnover is difficult or impossible, and may also lead to negative legal consequences. We consider it necessary to eliminate contradictions between the legislative provisions of the Federal Law “On Hunting” and the current legislation. It is proposed to resolve these issues by making amendments and additions to the legislative provisions of the Federal Law “On Hunting”, in particular, to the norms on the definition of a hunting agreement, its parties and content. This will improve the quality of the legislative provisions of the Federal Law “On Hunting” and ensure the possibility of their correct practical application by participants in property turnover, since there is a need for this. When writing the article, the following methods were used: general scientific (formal-logical, systemic, structural-functional), general logical methods of theoretical analysis, private scientific methods, including formal-legal and technical-legal analyses.

Effect of the dimensions (width and radius) of the shading ring on the measurement of diffuse solar irradiance with the MEO shading ring measurement method

Diffuse irradiance was monitored by the Melo–Escobedo–Oliveira shading ring measurement method (MEO method) and requires the application of two corrections: one geometric and one atmospheric. The latter occurs from the interaction of radiation with atmospheric constituents and is known as circumsolar radiation, which is also obstructed by the ring. Thus, the objective of this work is to verify if geometrical aspects of the shading ring, such as width and radius, interfere in the quantification of these atmospheric corrections. Two Kipp & Zonen pyranometers were used to monitor the diffuse irradiance, one with 10/40 cm (width/radius) and one with 5/20 cm (width/radius). The values measured by the rings were compared with the diffuse irradiance obtained by the difference method. Studies were carried out under all atmospheric sky cover conditions: cloudy sky, partially cloudy sky, and clear sky. The results showed the highest atmospheric corrections were obtained for the clear sky coverage. Despite the two assemblies having the same width/radius ratio of 0.250, the assembly with the largest radius showed the lowest atmospheric correction. The application of atmospheric corrections is conditioned to the geometrical aspects of the ring, mainly the radius, to guarantee the quality of measurements carried out by the shading ring method.

Features of the qualification of crimes in the sphere of intellectual property

The article is devoted to the peculiarities of the qualification of crimes in the field of intellectual property. It is noted that the basis of the criminal-legal qualification process is exclusively the criminal law. Only the Criminal Code of Ukraine provides an exhaustive list of criminal offenses, definitions of acts that are not crimes, and characteristics of post-criminal behavior, which in each specific case have their own criminal-legal significance. That is why, for the correct application of the criminal law, it is necessary to have deep knowledge, a systematic understanding and a clear and unanimous interpretation of all elements of the composition of a criminal offense, acts that are not criminal, as well as certain post-criminal behavior, if they were not disclosed by the legislator in the law itself. That is, the qualification of a criminal offense in the field of intellectual property becomes a logical continuation of the previous criminal-legal qualification only when the result of the latter turns out to be the recognition of a certain act as criminally illegal. In addition, it was established that during the criminal-legal qualification, first of all, it should be determined whether the committed act is provided for in a certain prohibitive article of the Criminal Code of Ukraine. Then it is necessary to establish the conformity of the signs of this actually committed act with all the signs of a criminal offense in the field of intellectual property, which are provided for by the specified article of the criminal law. The author also emphasized the fact that an important aspect of the qualification of criminal offenses in the field of intellectual property is their combination with other criminal acts. That is why the accuracy of the qualification of the investigated criminal offenses must be achieved regardless of whether it will affect the future punishment or in some other way in the future will affect the legal position of the suspect.

Mixed-mode crack-tip stress intensity factors measurements by caustics method: A comparison between low and high loading rate conditions

Mixed-mode crack-tip stress field is different in low and high loading rate conditions, resulting in different mixed-mode stress intensity factors (SIFs) measurements. How to correctly measure mixed-mode SIFs in different loading rate conditions is of critical importance. To this end, mixed-mode SIFs are measured and compared by optical caustics method with high-speed photography, specifically by the interpretation of crack-tip optical image, i.e., caustics pattern which reflects crack-tip stress field. Different mixed-mode caustics patterns in shape are observed in drop weight and blast loading conditions, indicating that corresponding crack-tip stress field and mixed-mode SIFs measurements are different. Under drop weight loading, mixed-mode caustics patterns are consistent with the classical caustics interpretation for SIFs measurements, while those under reflected P wave loading in blasts are not consistent. Therefore, a modified mixed-mode caustics interpretation is proposed and verified to be available for SIFs measurements in blast loading condition. Finally, underlying reasons for different mixed-mode SIFs measurements in low and high loading rate conditions are discussed, and it is concluded that in low loading rate condition, a longer loading time results in crack-tip K-dominated stress field which is suitable for the classical caustics interpretation, while in high loading rate condition, the loading time is too short to form K-dominated stress field in the crack tip, hence a modified caustics interpretation is necessary. This paper benefits correct applications of caustics method to mixed-mode SIFs measurements in different loading rate conditions.

Administrative Reform to Strengthen Cooperative Tax Compliance in Cambodia: A Case Study in Domestic Revenue Mobilization

The focus of current study is to discuss the tax compliance structure and the role of administrative reforms in domestic revenue mobilization. There are several reasons why unresolved tax audits keep piling up with (particularly) large taxpayers, causing complaints. After the comprehensive review of existing tax structure, discussion on the existing infrastructure and based on empirical analysis, it is suggested that too much reliance on tax audit revenue, need for a more cooperative future relationship between GDT and large taxpayers, impartial express arbitration of tax disputes to clear the backlog and update the structure of the tax audit system. Lastly, taxpayers need (even3 ) more effectual education so they can comply faster and more accurately: Our research shows that delays at the taxpayer side are just as important, or even more so, than the delays observed at the GDT side. Even large taxpayers have difficulties understanding and preparing necessary documentation (26%) or are unclear about the correct application of laws and regulations (16%). Along the same lines, the GDT should consider to make the incentive for voluntary self-correcting of past tax returns permanent, at least to some degree.

Horse Owners' Knowledge of Fundamental Care and their Perceptions on the Implementation of a Mandatory Certificate of Knowledge.

The aims of this study were to first determine the extent of owners' fundamental knowledge of equine care, second, gain their opinions on the implementation of a mandatory certificate of knowledge and third, to investigate the association of certification on horse owner knowledge. An online survey comprising 23 questions (18 closed, 5 open) was distributed worldwide via snowball sampling, and completed by 1847 horse owners who were all ≥18 years old from 17 different countries. Almost all (96%, n = 1781) completed surveys were usable. Just over half (52%) of participants held a current equine knowledge certification, and 59% believed a mandatory certificate of knowledge should be necessary to buy, own, or sell a horse. Horse owners with an equine certificate of knowledge were more likely to be in favor of a mandatory certificate (Pearson's Chi-squared = 50.79, df = 1, p < 0.0001). The mean correctly answered knowledge questions was 68%, indicating that approximately 1/3 of horse owners lacked fundamental horse care knowledge. Further examination indicated that participating horse owners showed the least understanding in the behavioral interactions domain (ANOVA F(4, 24) = 4.98, p < 0.01), specifically in relation to pain recognition and learning theory terminology. Arguably, this deficit in knowledge and likely correct application increases the risk of owners using misinformed or inappropriate techniques to manage horse behavior and training, predisposing the horse to experiencing a sub-optimal quality of life. Overall no significant difference was found between the total correct scores of horse owners with or without a certificate (ANOVA F(1, 56) = 0.78, p > 0.05); however, a series of Chi-squared tests revealed that for the more complex questions, horse owners with a certificate scored better than those without (all p < 0.05). Further work is needed to develop an evidence-based assessment framework if mandatory certification of horse owners is to become an effective tool for improving horse welfare and quality of life.

Dissipation pattern and dietary risk assessment of chlorfenapyr and methomyl in corn under Egyptian field conditions.

Corn is the second most widely farmed grain for human consumption. Low corn productivity due to damage caused by pests has led to using pesticides to control pest infestations. However, the uncontrolled application of pesticides on corn harms both environmental and human health. Accordingly, field experiments followed good agricultural practices to investigate the dissipation pattern and terminal residues of chlorfenapyr and methomyl in corn and compare the values with established safety limits. Gas chromatography-tandem mass spectrometer coupled with the quick, easy, cheap, effective, rugged, and safe technique was used to analyze residues of chlorfenapyr and methomyl in corn. The average recoveries varied from 94% to 105%, with relative standard deviations (RSDs) of 8%-13% for chlorfenapyr and from 99% to 111%, with RSDs of 10-16% for methomyl. Chlorfenapyr and methomyl residues degraded in corn following a first-order kinetic model, with an estimated half-life (t1/2) of 3.9 and 2.8days, respectively, and significant degradation (91.4%-98.1.5%, respectively) after 14 days. Although the maximum residue limits of chlorfenapyr and methomyl for corn are yet to be formulated in Egypt, the long-term dietary risk for those pesticides was acceptable, with arisk quotient < 100%, according to the national assessments. These findings are required to guide the correct and safe application of these insecticides in Egypt.

Failed primary repair of blunt duodenal injury managed by tube duodenostomy, gastrojejunostomy and a feeding jejunostomy: a case report

BackgroundThe worldwide increase in road traffic crashes and use of firearms has increased the incidence of duodenal injuries. Upper gastrointestinal radiological studies and computed tomography (CT) in resource settings may lead to the diagnosis of blunt duodenal injury. Exploratory laparotomy remains the ultimate diagnostic test if a high suspicion of duodenal injury continues in the face of absent or equivocal radiographic signs. Although the majority of duodenal injuries may be managed by simple repair, high-risk duodenal injuries are followed by a high incidence of suture line dehiscence and should be treated by duodenal diversion.Case presentationWe report a case of a failed primary repair of a blunt injury to the second part of the duodenum (D2) in a 24-year-old African man. This was successfully managed by a tube duodenostomy, a bypass gastrojejunostomy and a feeding jejunostomy in a low resource setting.ConclusionsDetailed knowledge of the available operative choices in duodenal injury and their correct application is important. When duodenal repair is needed, conservative repair techniques over complex reconstructions should be utilised. The technique of tube duodenostomy can be successfully applied to cases of large defects in the second part of the duodenum (D2), failed previous repair attempts and with defects caused by different aetiology. It may remain especially useful as a damage-control procedure in patients with multiple injuries, significant comorbidities and/or haemodynamic instability.

Integration of ChatGPT Into a Course for Medical Students: Explorative Study on Teaching Scenarios, Students' Perception, and Applications.

Text-generating artificial intelligence (AI) such as ChatGPT offers many opportunities and challenges in medical education. Acquiring practical skills necessary for using AI in a clinical context is crucial, especially for medical education. This explorative study aimed to investigate the feasibility of integrating ChatGPT into teaching units and to evaluate the course and the importance of AI-related competencies for medical students. Since a possible application of ChatGPT in the medical field could be the generation of information for patients, we further investigated how such information is perceived by students in terms of persuasiveness and quality. ChatGPT was integrated into 3 different teaching units of a blended learning course for medical students. Using a mixed methods approach, quantitative and qualitative data were collected. As baseline data, we assessed students' characteristics, including their openness to digital innovation. The students evaluated the integration of ChatGPT into the course and shared their thoughts regarding the future of text-generating AI in medical education. The course was evaluated based on the Kirkpatrick Model, with satisfaction, learning progress, and applicable knowledge considered as key assessment levels. In ChatGPT-integrating teaching units, students evaluated videos featuring information for patients regarding their persuasiveness on treatment expectations in a self-experience experiment and critically reviewed information for patients written using ChatGPT 3.5 based on different prompts. A total of 52 medical students participated in the study. The comprehensive evaluation of the course revealed elevated levels of satisfaction, learning progress, and applicability specifically in relation to the ChatGPT-integrating teaching units. Furthermore, all evaluation levels demonstrated an association with each other. Higher openness to digital innovation was associated with higher satisfaction and, to a lesser extent, with higher applicability. AI-related competencies in other courses of the medical curriculum were perceived as highly important by medical students. Qualitative analysis highlighted potential use cases of ChatGPT in teaching and learning. In ChatGPT-integrating teaching units, students rated information for patients generated using a basic ChatGPT prompt as "moderate" in terms of comprehensibility, patient safety, and the correct application of communication rules taught during the course. The students' ratings were considerably improved using an extended prompt. The same text, however, showed the smallest increase in treatment expectations when compared with information provided by humans (patient, clinician, and expert) via videos. This study offers valuable insights into integrating the development of AI competencies into a blended learning course. Integration of ChatGPT enhanced learning experiences for medical students.

A checklist of Thismia section Labiothismia (Thismiaceae), reinstated to include Asian species earlier placed in the neotropical T. sect. Glaziocharis

The paper contributes to a construction of a comprehensive sectional subdivision of the mycoheterotrophic genus Thismia through elucidating nomenclaturally correct application of the existing names and re-shaping the earlier proposed species groups in line with the ideas on phylogenetic relationships. The name Thismia sect. Glaziocharis widely used for a section accommodating certain Asian and Australian species is here demonstrated to be typified by the neotropical Thismia caudata (≡ Glaziocharis macahensis). This finding in conjunction with the phylogenetic views means that Thismia sect. Glaziocharis is to be applied to a neotropical group of the genus. Moreover, Thismia sect. Glaziocharis is the correct name for Thismia sect. Pyramidalis, since they are based on the same type species and the former name has a nomenclatural priority over the latter. The Asian species commonly placed into Thismia sect. Glaziocharis belong to a monophyletic group that has a single available name at the sectional rank, i.e. Thismia sect. Labiothismia. Thismia sect. Labiothismia is therefore formally reinstated, and a checklist of this section in the new circumscription is provided. The section is currently known to comprise 14 species, including a single North American species of Thismia, and the rest being distributed from India and Japan to Sumatra. Finally, a lectotype is designated for T. huangii.

Vibrato in the modern pop-music: technological and performing aspects

In the center of the author’s attention is one of the most important vocal methods – the vibrato widely used both in the professional music of academic tradition, especially in the opera genre, as well as in various genres of pop-music, rock or jazz. The author examines the physiological aspects of the given method, explains how the sound is emitted when vibrato is applied. Types of realization of this procedure are differentiated: with the oscillation of the sound in the ascending or descending direction, with the oscillation of the vocal „mask” or of the vocal cords, etc. The author proposes some exercises that can be useful for developing the skills of correct vibrato application. Likewise, the differences of vibrato in classical music and pop-music, rock or jazz are demonstrated. As far as the styles and genres of pop music are concerned, the use of the given process is mainly evidenced in the vocal ballad genre, adding an emotional depth to the performance, emphasizing the color of the voice and easing the emission of the vocal sound. So, the vibrato technique is an important component of any contemporary vocalist’s arsenal.

Typifications in American and Australasian Rhynchospora sect. Pauciflorae (Cyperaceae)

In this work, 17 lectotypifications are proposed for names related to Rhynchospora section Pauciflorae Kük. The lectotypifications are part of a nomenclatural revision of the section, which has not been revised since its creation by Kükenthal in 1949. Protologues and nomenclatural types were consulted online, in physical herbaria, or in libraries. These typifications are essential for the correct application of species names and synonyms in accordance with the principles of the International Code of Nomenclature for Algae, Fungi, and Plants.

FIRST LANGUAGE TRANSFER IN CHINESE UNDERGRADUATES’ USE OF CONNECTORS IN ENGLISH NARRATIVES

Background and Purpose: Connectors are vital tools for cohesive discourse, significantly influencing the writing proficiency of learners. In Chinese educational contexts, many learners grapple with the correct application of connectors, due to potential first language (L1) influence. Previous research primarily delves into lexical and syntactic aspects, overlooking discourse-level considerations. This study aims to assess the frequency and accuracy of connector usage in English narratives among Chinese learners. It also seeks to investigate the extent of language transfer concerning connectors among Chinese learners and discern how this transfer evolves as learners' second language (L2) proficiency advances. Methodology: To amass data, 150 narratives composed by 30 Chinese learners were analyzed. Initial qualitative analysis was followed by quantitative examination. Findings: The findings underscore temporal words as the most frequently employed connectors, closely trailed by additives and causal words. Notably, temporal words and adversatives exhibited higher accuracy when compared to other connector types. Positive transfer manifested more frequently than negative transfer. Moreover, positive transfer displayed a noticeable inflectional change across the five-time narratives, whereas little variation was observed in negative transfer. Contributions: This study suggests that stakeholders, including educators, learners, and policymakers, should leverage positive transfer as a strategic resource when instructing connectors to enhance L2 writing proficiency. Keywords: First language, language transfer, connector, narratives, Chinese undergraduates. Cite as: Ma, Y. Q., &amp; Stapa, M. B. (2024). First language transfer in Chinese undergraduates’ use of connectors in English narratives. Journal of Nusantara Studies, 9(2), 131-159. http://dx.doi.org/10.24200/jonus.vol9iss2pp131-159

On the application of buoyancy correction in the cup test measurement

The water vapour permeability of building materials is often measured using the cup method. One of usual corrections applied to the measured data is correction for the ambient air buoyant force acting on the cup assembly during weighing, the so-called ‘buoyancy correction’. Although the mathematical formula for the correction is well known, there are two distinct ways for its application to the cup test, which depend on the air permeability and flexibility of the tested sample. The magnitude of the correction can be twice different for the two approaches. This study, at first theoretically describes the use of buoyancy correction for cups with different samples. Then, presents results of the measurement of the air pressure inside cups with different samples which support the theoretical assumptions. Finally, based on numerical simulation, were established limits of use of the calculated buoyancy correction. Many samples of building materials are enough air permeable (air permeance higher than 1 × 10−10 kg/(m2sPa)) or flexible to maintain the air pressure and density in the cup close to ambient conditions. Cups with these samples can be corrected by applying the buoyancy correction to the volume of the air-impermeable parts of the cup assembly. If the air permeance of the sample is lower, the possible residual error after the application of correction can be ±3–7 mg/dm2 of the cup mouth area. The application of buoyancy correction can reduce the measurement time, especially for samples with a higher vapour resistance.