Application Of Consortium Research Articles

Pemberian Macam Konsorsium Bakteri Hasil Isolasi Tumbuhan Pantai pada Kangkung (Ipomoea reptans Poirs.)

Bacteria consortium isolated from coastal plant was used as Plant Growth Promoting Rhizobacteria (PGPR) which can improve the growth and yield of plant. The purpose of this research was to understand the effects of various bacteria consortium application on the growth and yield of water spinach. The research was conducted on June-September 2016 in Microbiology Laboratory, Agroindustry Laboratory and Agriculture Land, University of Mercu Buana Yogyakarta. The study used a single factor experiment with 16 treatments and 3 blocks which arranged using completely randomized design (CRD). The treatment was desinged by soaking the water spinach seed on the various PGPR consorcium. All treatments were control (seed soaking on the water or without PGPR), the seed soaking on the various PGPR consorsium including K2, K9, K15, C7, K2K9, K2K15, K2C7, K9K15, K9C7, K15C7, K2K9K15, K2K9C7, K9K15C7, K2K15C7, and K2K9K15C7. The economic weight of water spinach which soaking on K2K9K15C7 consorcium was the best treatments compare to other treatments. Application of single isolate including K2, K9, K15, C7 and rhizobacteria consortium including K2K9, K2K15, K2C7, K9K15, K9C7, K15C7, K2K9K15, K2K9C7, K9K15C7, K2K15C7 can improved the yield of water spinach compare to the treatment without application of rhizobacteria.

Combined application of microbial consortium and humic substances to improve the growth performance of blueberry seedlings

Combined application of microbial consortium and humic substances to improve the growth performance of blueberry seedlings

The response of maize (Zea mays L.) plant assisted with bacterial consortium and fertilizer under oily sludge

ABSTRACTThe objective of this study was to evaluate the role of PGPR consortium and fertilizer alone and in combination on the physiology of maize grown under oily sludge stress environment as well on the soil nutrient status. Consortium was prepared from Bacillus cereus (Acc KR232400), Bacillus altitudinis (Acc KF859970), Comamonas (Delftia) belonging to family Comamonadacea (Acc KF859971) and Stenotrophomonasmaltophilia (Acc KF859973). The experiment was conducted in pots with complete randomized design with four replicates and kept in field. Oily sludge was mixed in ml and Ammonium nitrate and Diammonium phosphate (DAP) were added at 70 ug/g and 7ug/g at sowing. The plant was harvested at 21 d for estimation of protein, proline and antioxidant enzymes superoxide dismutase (SOD) and peroxidase (POD). To study the degradation, total petroleum hydrocarbon was extracted by soxhelt extraction and extract was analyzed by GC-FID at different period after incubation. Combined application of consortium and fertilizer enhanced the germination %, protein and, proline content by 90,130 and 99% higher than untreated maize plants. Bioavailability of macro and micro nutrient was also enhanced with consortium and fertilizer in oily sludge. The consortium and fertilizer in combined treatment decreased the superoxide dismutase (SOD), peroxidase dismutase (POD) of the maize leaves grown in oily sludge. Degradation of total petroleum hydrocarbon (TPHs) was 59% higher in combined application of consortium and fertilizer than untreated maize at 3 d. The bacterial consortium can enhanced the maize tolerance to oily sludge and enhanced degradation of total petroleum hydrocarbon (TPHs). The maize can be considered as tolerant plant species to remediate oily sludge contaminated soils.

Book Review: Principles of Plant-Microbe Interactions: Microbes for Sustainable Agriculture

Book Review: Principles of Plant-Microbe Interactions: Microbes for Sustainable Agriculture

Efficacy of Bio-Control Agents and Fungicides in Management of Mulberry Wilt Caused by <I>Fusarium solani</I>

A study was conducted to know the efficacy of potential biocontrol agents and fungicides against mulberry wilt, Fusarium solani. Three antagonists viz., Trichoderma viride., Pseudomonas fluorescens and Bacillus subtilis and six fungicides viz., carbendazim, mancozeb, zineb, copper oxy chloride, tebuconazole and pre-mixture fungicide (carbendazim 75% + mancozeb 25%) were tested under in vitro and in pot culture against wilt pathogen. The results showed that Trichoderma and the bacterial bioagents significantly reduced the mycelial growth of the pathogen. Among the fungicides, mixture of carbendazim + mancozeb (0.1 %) completely inhibited the mycelial growth of the pathogen. In pot culture studies, the minimum (10.5 %) incidence of wilt was observed in soil drenching with carbendazim (0.1%) which was on par with soil application of consortia (Seri bed waste+Pf1+Bs4+Tv1+Neem cake) which showed 12.3 per cent incidence as compared to maximum (46.7 %) wilt incidence in control. Similarly, in field studies also recorded the minimum incidence in soil drenching with carbendazim (0.1%) followed by soil application with consortia.

Comparison of bioremediation strategies for soil impacted with petrochemical oily sludge

Different bioremediation techniques (natural attenuation, biostimulation and bioaugmentation) in contaminated soils with two oily sludge concentrations (1.5% and 6.0%) in open and closed microcosms systems were assessed during 90 days. The results showed that the highest biodegradation rates were obtained in contaminated soils with 6% in closed microcosms. Addition of microbial consortium and nutrients in different concentrations demonstrated higher biodegradation rate of total petroleum hydrocarbons (TPH) than those of the natural attenuation treatment. Soils treated in closed microcosms showed highest removal rate (84.1 ± 0.9%) when contaminated at 6% and bacterial consortium and nutrients in low amounts were added. In open microcosms, the soil contaminated at 6% using biostimulation with the highest amounts of nutrients (C:N:P of 100:10:1) presented the highest degradation rate (78.7 ± 1.3%). These results demonstrate that the application of microbial consortium and nutrients favored biodegradation of TPH present in oily sludge, indicating their potential applications for treatment of the soils impacted with this important hazardous waste.

Bioethanol Production from Glycerol by Mixed Culture System

Glycerol, a by-product from biodiesel industry, is a promising feedstock for subsequent bioconversion to higher-value products. Potential application of a mixed microbial consortium on the fermentative conversion of glycerol to ethanol was demonstrated in this study. Maximum ethanol concentration of 11.1 g l-1 was produced after 72 h fermentation from the initial pure glycerol concentration of 45 g l-1, at 30 ̊C, and pH 7 under anaerobic conditions, corresponding to the ethanol production rate and yield of 0.34 g l-1 h-1, and 0.81 mol ethanolmol-1 glycerol, respectively. The microbial consortium yielded lower ethanol concentration (6.5 g l-1) but similar ethanol yield (0.85 mol ethanol mol-1 glycerol) when crude glycerol of 45 g l-1 was fermented at the same condition. At the optimum fermentative condition of the pure glycerol, phylogenetic analysis of microbial consortium based on 16S rRNA gene sequences indicated that Gammaproteobacteria represented 95% of the microbial diversity in the consortium while the rest belonged to Betaproteobacteria. The consortium was dominated by bacteria closely related to genera Enterobacter and Klebsiella, which could play the role on conversion of glycerol to ethanol in this system.

Effect of farmyard manure and conjoint application of farmyard manure and microbial consortium on lindane residues in soil, drainage water, and crops in lysimeters

The efficacies of farmyard manure (FYM) application alone and the conjoint use of FYM and microbial consortiums (Gordonia sp.) were evaluated for reducing lindane residues in soil, plants and percolated water in lysimeters cropped with maize and rice. At the normal application rate of lindane (0.6 kg ha−1), the concentration of lindane residues in drainage water was well above the United States EPA limit for drinking water (0.2 µg L−1); however, no detectable residues of lindane were observed in plant samples of both maize and rice crops. The residue level of lindane in the percolated water under rice was higher than under maize crop. Application of FYM at 5 t ha−1 decreased the pesticide residues both in percolated water and soil. The conjoint use of FYM at 5 t ha−1 and scheduled application of a microbial consortium of Gordonia sp. soon after the pest control was more effective than the application of FYM alone in reducing the level of lindane residues in soil and percolated water.

Novel application of nitrifying bacterial consortia to ease ammonia toxicity in ornamental fish transport units: trials with zebrafish

To evaluate whether two commercial nitrifying bacterial consortia can function as biocontrol agents in ornamental fish transporting systems. The consortia were applied in a simulated set-up using zebrafish as the model organism in three trials. The efficacy of the bacterial consortia in controlling the ammonia level was validated by measuring water quality parameters such as total ammonia, nitrate and pH of the transport water. The bacterial community structure in the transport unit was studied using denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis. The consortia tested improved the nitrifying activity that in turn facilitated the reduction of ammonia that had accumulated during the transport. Bacterial profiles revealed the presence of both ammonia-oxidizing and nitrite-oxidizing bacteria in the transport bags. The application of the consortia during the transportation of zebrafish could profoundly improve the water quality by curbing ammonia accumulation. The potential of applying nitrifying bacteria as a bioremediation practice during the transport of ornamental fish has been demonstrated and this innovative approach contributes to the amelioration of current fish welfare in ornamental fish trade.

Bioremediation and reclamation of soil contaminated with petroleum oil hydrocarbons by exogenously seeded bacterial consortium: a pilot-scale study

Spillage of petroleum hydrocarbons causes significant environmental pollution. Bioremediation is an effective process to remediate petroleum oil contaminant from the ecosystem. The aim of the present study was to reclaim a petroleum oil-contaminated soil which was unsuitable for the cultivation of crop plants by using petroleum oil hydrocarbon-degrading microbial consortium. Bacterial consortium consisting of Bacillus subtilis DM-04 and Pseudomonas aeruginosa M and NM strains were seeded to 20% (v/w) petroleum oil-contaminated soil, and bioremediation experiment was carried out for 180days under laboratory condition. The kinetics of hydrocarbon degradation was analyzed using biochemical and gas chromatographic (GC) techniques. The ecotoxicity of the elutriates obtained from petroleum oil-contaminated soil before and post-treatment with microbial consortium was tested on germination and growth of Bengal gram (Cicer aretinum) and green gram (Phaseolus mungo) seeds. Bacterial consortium showed a significant reduction in total petroleum hydrocarbon level in contaminated soil (76% degradation) as compared to the control soil (3.6% degradation) 180days post-inoculation. The GC analysis confirmed that bacterial consortium was more effective in degrading the alkane fraction compared to aromatic fraction of crude petroleum oil hydrocarbons in soil. The nitrogen, sulfur, and oxygen compounds fraction was least degraded. The reclaimed soil supported the germination and growth of crop plants (C. aretinum and P. mungo). In contrast, seeds could not be germinated in petroleum oil-contaminated soil. The present study reinforces the application of bacterial consortium rather than individual bacterium for the effective bioremediation and reclamation of soil contaminated with petroleum oil.

A Feasibility Study for Assessment of <i>In-situ</i> Bioremediation Potential of a Crude Oil Degrading <i>Pseudomonas</i> Consortium

A microcosm study evaluating inoculums addition of mixed bacterial consortium to stimulate in-situ bioremediation of crude oil contaminated soil was conducted. In feasibility study, out of five treatments the application of bacterial consortium, nutrients and environmental factors resulted in 79.16% removal of TPH in 60 days, compared to 30.24% removal of TPH carried out by indigenous microflora. Gas chromatograms of original spilled oil and bioremediated oil by the addition of developed consortium shows that Pr/Ph ratio decreased progressively from 2.358 to 1.626. The results showed that the ratio of di/tri aromatics decreased from initial 0.63 to 0.25 with progressive treatment of nutrient addition, as nutrient + tilling, nutrient + tilling + microbial seeding. Similar effect was observed in di/di + tri aromatics ratios which also decreased 0.31 to 0.20 by bioaugmentation only. Keywords: Hydrocarbons; Pseudomonas; Biodegradation; Gas Chromatogram. © 2010 JSR Publications. ISSN: 2070-0237 (Print); 2070-0245 (Online). All rights reserved. DOI: 10.3329/jsr.v2i1.2601 J. Sci. Res. 2 (1), 127-137 (2010)

Field Efficacy of Biocontrol Agents for the Management of Root Knot Nematode Meloidogyne incognita (Kofoid&White) Chitw. and Reniform Nematode Rotylenchulus reniformis (Linford&Oliviera) in Tomato

Two field experiments were conducted with tomato Hybrid 5005 at Kuttathottam and Theethipalayam villages of Coimbatore district to investigate the potential of two promising native isolates of plant growth promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR), viz., Pseudomonas fluorescens (Pfbv22) and Bacillus subtilis (Bbv57) for the management of root knot nematode Meloidogyne incognita and reniform nematode Rotylenchulus reniformis in tomato. The biocontrol agents were compared with the standard chemical viz., carbofuran. Consortium application of P. fluorescens (Pfbv22) and B. subtilis (Bbv57) as seed treatment each @ 5 g kg -1 seeds and soil application (SA) @ 1.25 kg ha -1 significantly reduced the nematode infestation in soil and root. The microbial consortium treatment also significantly enhanced the plant growth parameters such as plant height, shoot weight, root length, root weight and fruit yield.

Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon degradation by developed consortium in microcosms study.

A feasibility study was conducted prior to onsite full-scale bioremediation study. This feasibility study has investigated the possibility of bioaugmentation of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH)-polluted soil with PAH-degrading strains or consortia. Five treatment optionsOil alone, Oil + Indigenous microflora, Oil + nutrients, Oil + nutrient + tilling, Oil + nutrient + tilling + developed consortium were evaluated. Out of five treatments the application of bacterial consortium, nutrients and environmental factors resulted in 79.16% removal of TPH in 60days, compared to 30.24% removal of TPH carried out by indigenous microflora. The results of High-pressure liquid chromatographic analysis showed that the ratio of di / tri aromatics decreased from initial 0.63 to 0.25 with progressive treatment of nutrient addition, nutrient+tilling, nutrient+tilling+microbial seeding. Similar effect was observed in di / di+tri aromatics ratios which also decreased 0.31 to 0.20 by bioaugmentation only.

A Manager's Viewpoint

Academic libraries have accepted the consequences of a variety of uncontrollable financial, technological and political conditions for the past ten years with only incremental action. The usual resource-addition and cooperative solutions are not sufficient. The time has come for more radical, global solutions. The regional academic library consortium's application to document access is examined as a mechanism for resolving long-term problems. Radical paradigm shifts and library reengineering targeting resource sharing, document acquisition, and user interfaces are outlined. These strategies are presented as a giant step toward solving the problems of this decade and the next century.