Application Of Composite Resin Research Articles

Characterization and application of composite resin of natural rubber latex and polystyrene waste as a binder for water-resistant emulsion paint formulation

Sustainable production of efficient and low-cost coating materials from recycled plastic wastes will have a significant impact on economic advancements in paints and coatings, as well as waste management. Polystyrene waste was reduced to a resin, which was further modified by blending with natural rubber latex (NRL). The recycled polystyrene resin (rPS) and NRL formed homogeneous composite resins (rPS-NRL) blends in various ratios, and the changes in some physicochemical properties of the resins were studied. The rPS-NRL blended in different ratios exhibited higher density (0.83–0.92 g/cm3), refractive index (1.401–1.438), viscosity (935–1287 cP), elongation (5–18 %), and melting point (184°C–217.5°C), as well as lower moisture uptake (1.1–0.88 %) and faster drying time (32–19 min), compared to the rPS resin. Changes in functional, structural, and morphological characteristics of the resins were studied using Fourier transformed infrared (FTIR) spectrometer, X-ray diffractometer (XRD), scanning electron microscope (SEM) and thermogravimetric analyzer (TGA-DTA). The results indicated molecular interactions between NRL and the rPS resin, which form the basis for the unique physicochemical properties of the composite resin compared with the pristine rPS and NRL resins. White (CaCO3) pigmented emulsion paint produced using the rPS-NRL composite resin as binder was tested in comparison with paint produced using the conventional polyvinyl acetate (PVA) binder, where the rPS-NRL paint exhibits superior properties, including outstanding resistance to water.

Techniques for the restorative management of localized and generalized tooth wear

This narrative review describes techniques and materials available to restore the worn dentition. Emphasis is given to application of composite resin as this material can be bonded to worn surfaces and is easily adjusted either within an existing or at an increased vertical dimension. The relevance of the differences in the composition of glass ceramics and polycrystalline ceramics for restoration in various wear scenarios are discussed. Removable dentures are still appropriate in certain circumstances, but require an understanding of their limitations. CPD/Clinical Relevance: Young and old patients with a range of aetiologies and presentations expect dentists to know how best to restore their disordered, worn dentition.

Factors that influence the clinical application of composite resins: Literature review

Factors that influence the clinical application of composite resins: Literature review

Uncut Enamel for Optimizing Bonded Composite Restoration on Multiple Diastema Closure Cases

The main advantage of using a minimal invasive strategy concept by uncut enamel technique while doing direct composite restoration is to create a color and translucency close to the natural teeth with long-term bonding durability. Objective: This case report presents an uncut enamel technique for multiple diastema closure cases using direct composite restoration. Case Reports: an 18-year-old male and a 50-year-old female patient complained of diastema in their upper front teeth and requested aesthetic correction. Digital mock-up was made prior to the uncut enamel technique for showing the expected results to the patient and as a guidance for the clinician. Uncut enamel preparation was continued by free-hand restoration technique with a two-step self-etch adhesive system and composite resin application to correct the diastema. The teeth in the first and second cases were followed up after three months and four years, respectively. Conclusion: The uncut enamel preparation, free-hand restoration technique with two-step self-etch adhesive, and digital mock-up are viable options in the multiple diastema closure to re-create natural teeth and optimize bonding durability

Assessment of the Shear Bond Strength of Composite Resin to Fresh Amalgam Using Different Adhesion Protocols

Introduction: This study was conducted to evaluate and compare the effect of using three adhesive systems on the shear bond strength between composite resin and fresh amalgam. Materials and Methods: Amalgam samples were assigned into three groups according to the adhesive systems being used prior to the composite resin application. Group A (n = 10): universal self-etch bonding system (Single Bond Universal Adhesive, 3M, Neuss, Germany) was applied and light cured. Group B (n = 10): universal self-etch bonding was applied and light cured, followed by a thin layer of nanohybrid flowable composite (Tetric N-Flow, Ivoclar Vivadent, Liechtenstein), then light cured. Group C (n = 10): self-adhesive dual-cure luting resin cement (Calibra Universal, Dentsply Sirona, Charlotte, NC) was applied in equal quantity for each sample over amalgam surface. Composite resin was then applied by plastic instrument in a single increment to the height of the hole (2 mm), then celluloid strip was placed and light cured. After thermocycling, a shear bond test was performed. Results: Resin luting cement interface showed the higher significant bond strength, followed by universal bonding agent − flowable composite interface. The universal bonding interface group yielded the lowest results. Conclusion: The application of self-adhesive dual-cure luting resin cement resulted in significant increase in bond strength between composite resin and fresh amalgam.

Reversal of deleterious effect of extracoronal in- office bleaching on shear bond strength of composite resin to bleached enamel: Effect of delayed restoration and different antioxidants application - in vitro study

Objective:The objective of this in - vitro study was to evaluate the effect of different antioxidants in reversal of of deleterious effect of bleaching on shear bond strength of composite resin to bleached enamel.Materials and methods: Seventy bovine incisors were used. The specimens were randomly divided into seven groups (10 specimens each) as follow: Group 1: no bleaching treatment and no antioxidant application. Group 2: bleaching only without antioxidant application and immediate composite resin application after bleaching. Group 3: bleaching only without antioxidant application and delayed composite application (after 2 weeks) of storage. Group 4: bleaching and application of 10% Alpha-tocopherol.Group 5: bleaching and application of 6% cranberry extract. Group 6:bleaching and application of 10% sodium ascorbate. Group 7: bleaching and application of 10% green tea. 40% hydrogen peroxide (Opalescence Xtra Boost 40%, Ultradent, South Jourdan, UT, USA) was used. Composite resin Tetric N -Ceram was used. The shear bond strength was measured using a universal testing machine. Results: one-way ANOVA test revealed significant differences in shear bond strength among the tested groups (p < 0.001). Bond strength significantly decreased after bleaching. There was no significant difference in shear bond strength reversed using10% Alpha-tocopherol, 10% sodium ascorbate and 10% green tea and delayed restoration. Whereas the difference was significant between group 5(6% cranberry extract) and other antioxidants groups. Conclusion: The results obtained from the use of antioxidants using (10% Alpha-tocopherol, 10% sodium ascorbate and 10% green tea extract) is approximately the same as the delayed restoration.

Repair bond strength of resin composite to three aged CAD/CAM blocks using different repair systems.

PURPOSEThe purpose of this study is to evaluate the repair bond strength of a nanohybrid resin composite to three CAD/CAM blocks using different intraoral ceramic repair systems.MATERIALS AND METHODSThree CAD/CAM blocks (Lava Ultimate, Cerasmart, and Vitablocks Mark II) were selected for the study. Thirty-two specimens were fabricated from each block. Specimens were randomly divided into eight groups for the following different intraoral repair systems: Group 1: control group (no treatment); Group 2: 34.5% phosphoric acid etching; Group 3: CoJet System; Group 4: Z-Prime Plus System; Group 5: GC Repair System; Group 6: Cimara System; Group 7: Porcelain Repair System; and Group 8: Clearfil Repair System. Then, nanohybrid resin composite (Tetric Evo Ceram) was packed onto treated blocks surfaces. The specimens were thermocycled before application of repair systems and after application of composite resin. After second thermal cycling, blocks were cut into bars (1 × 1 × 12 mm3) for microtensile bond strength tests. Data were analyzed using two-way ANOVA and Tukey's HSD test (α=.05).RESULTSCimara System, Porcelain Repair, and Clearfil Repair systems significantly increased the bond strength of nanohybrid resin composite to all CAD/CAM blocks when compared with the other tested repair systems (P<.05). In terms of CAD/CAM blocks, the lowest values were observed in Vitablocks Mark II groups (P<.05).CONCLUSIONAll repair systems used in the study exhibited clinically acceptable bond strength and can be recommended for clinical use.

The difference between porcelain and composite resin shear bond strength in the administration of 4% and 19.81% silane

Background: Damage to porcelain restorations such as fractures requires a repair that can be performed either directly or indirectly. Direct repair involves directly performing restoration of fractured porcelain with a composite resin application. This technique has more advantages than indirect repair because it requires no laboratory work and can be completed during a single visit. Silane, on the other hand, has been widely used and is reported to increase porcelain and composite resin attachments during the direct repair process. Purpose: This study aimed to determine the differences in shear bond strength between porcelain and composite resin during the administering of 4% and 19.81% silane. Methods: 27 porcelain samples were divided into three groups, namely: Group A - 4% silane, Group B - 19.81% silane and Group C - no silane, prior to the application of composite resin. Each sample was tested for shear bond strength by means of Autograph and fracture analysis performed through stereomicroscope and scanning electron microscope tests. Data analysis was subsequently performed using an ANOVA test. Results: There was a significant difference between the three groups with p=0.000 (p&lt;0.005). The lowest bond strength was found in the group without silane, while the highest was in the group with 4% silane (p&lt;0.005). Conclusion: The use of 4% silane can produce the highest shear bond strength of porcelain and resin composite.

THE COMPARISON OF THE STORAGE TEMPERATURE ON DIAMETRAL TENSILE STRENGHT VALUE OF BULK-FILL RESIN COMPOSITE

Background: The decrease and increase of bulk-fill composite resin storage temperature are infunction to extend the expiration period and obtain lower viscosity, making it easier for application of composite resin. Temperature is one that affects the polymerization process. Different polymerization qualities will affect the physical and mechanical properties of the composite resin, one of which is the diametral tensile strength. Purpose: To analyze the difference of tensile strength value of diametral bulk-fill composite resin stored at low temperature (5˚C), room temperature (25˚C) and high temperature (35˚C). Method: 33 specimens with 6 mm diameterand 3 mm thicknesswere divided into three treatment groups consisted oflow temperature storage group (5˚C), room temperature group (25˚C)and high temperature group (35˚C). The diametral tensile strength wasmeasured by Universal Testing Machine and analyzed by One Way Anova and Post Bonfond Bonferroni test. Result: The mean diametral tensile strength of bulk-fill composite resin with storage temperature 5˚C (35,85 MPa), 25˚C (42,72 MPa) and 35˚C (45,73 MPa). One Way Anova Test obtained p value = 0,001 (p>0,05) and continued with Post Hoc Bonferroni, so it can be concludedthat there was significant difference in the value of diametral tensile strength of bulk-fill composite resin with 25˚C and 35˚C storage temperature compared with 5˚C, and there was no significant difference in diametraltensile strengthof bulk-fill composite resin by comparing the temperature treatment of 25˚C with 35˚C. Conclusion: The diametral tensile strength value of the bulk-fill composite resin are increased as the storage temperature increase.

The Effect of Surface Preparation of Acrylic Teeth.

To investigate whether the chemical bond between acrylic teeth and heat polymerized PMMA can be altered by chemical and/or mechanical treatment. One hundred fifty acrylic teeth were divided in groups of 10. Their ridge lap surface underwent mechanical and/or chemical treatments: 1) no treatment, 2) air-abrasion with Al₂O₃ particles, 3) acid etching with phosphoric acid, 4) application of composite resin bonding agent, 5) application of MMA and ethylmethylketone bonding agent, 6) PMMA monomer application. The teeth were then placed in heat polymerized acrylic resin. Each specimen was compressed with a universal testing machine. Descriptive statistics, one-way ANOVA (α=0.05) and Tukey's HSD test were used. A scanning electron microscope (SEM) was also used to study the fracture areas. Statistically significant differences (p⟨0.001) in the bond strength were found. The strongest bond (239.41 N), was noted in the group treated with sandblasting followed by PMMA monomer application. Mechanical and/or chemical preparations affect significantly the bond strength between the acrylic resin denture teeth and the PMMA denture base. Air abrasion was the most effective treatment, either alone or combined with other treatments.

Laboratory evaluation of the effect of unfilled resin after the use of self-etch and total-etch dentin adhesives on the Shear Bond Strength of composite to dentin.

BackgroundBased on the frequent application of composite resins as tooth-colored fillings, this method is considered a viable alternative to dental amalgam. However, this method has the low bond strength of the composite to dentin. To solve this issue, various dental adhesive systems with different characteristics have been developed by dentistry experts.AimTo assess the effect of an additional layer of unfilled resin in self-etch and total-etch dentin adhesives on the shear bond strength (SBS) of composite to dentin. Moreover, we assessed the effects of sample storage in artificial saliva on the SBS of composite to dentin.MethodsMethods: This experimental study was conducted on 160 freshly extracted human first or second premolar teeth, which were randomly divided into 16 groups. The teeth were prepared from Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran (2008–2009). Scotchbond Multi-purpose (SBMP), single bond (SB), Clearfil SE Bond, and Clearfil S3 Bond were applied to dentin surface with or without the placement of hydrophobic resin (Margin Bond) in accordance with the instructions of the manufacturers. To expose the coronal dentin, the teeth were abraded with 600 grit SiC paper. Immediately after restoration, half of the samples were tested in terms of SBS, while the other samples were evaluated in terms of SBS after three months of storage in artificial saliva. SBS rates of dental composites evaluated by universal testing machine and samples were studied by optical stereomicroscopy to verify the failure type. Data analysis was performed in SPSS V.16 using Kolmogorov-Smirnov test, independent-samples t-test, ANOVA, and Duncan’s logistic regression test.ResultsIn this study, a significant reduction was observed in the SBS rates of SB and S3 bond adhesive systems after storage with and without hydrophobic resin (p>0.000). Without storage in normal saline, a significant increase was observed in the SBS rate of the SE bond (p=0.013). In addition, SBS rate of SBMP significantly increased after storage with hydrophobic resin (p=0.001). Finally, the highest and lowest rates of SBS were observed in the SE and S3 bonds in all the experimental groups, respectively.ConclusionThe effects of using a hydrophobic resin layer on shear bond strength values seem to be effective. The mild self-etch adhesive exhibited the best resin-dentine bond strength after aging

Influence of blood contamination during multimode adhesive application on the microtensile bond strength to dentin.

The present study evaluated the effects of blood contamination performed at different steps of bonding on the microtensile bond strength (μTBS) of multimode adhesives to dentin when using the self-etch approach. Seventy-five molars were randomly assigned to three adhesive groups comprising 25 specimens each: two multimode adhesives [Single Bond Universal (SBU) and All-Bond Universal (ABU)] and a conventional one-step self-etch adhesive [Clearfil S3 Bond Plus (CSBP)]. Each group was subdivided as follows: (1) uncontaminated (control): bonding application/light curing as a positive control; (2) contamination-1 (cont-1): bonding application/light curing/blood contamination/dry as a negative control; (3) contamination-2 (cont-2): bonding application/light curing/blood contamination/rinse/dry; (4) contamination-3 (cont-3): bonding application/blood contamination/dry/bonding re-application/light curing; and (5) contamination-4 (cont-4): bonding application/blood contamination/rinse/dry/bonding re-application/light curing. Dentin specimens were prepared for μTBS testing after the composite resin application. Data were analyzed with two-way ANOVA and post-hoc tests (α = 0.05). μTBS values were similar in cont-3 groups, and ABU/cont-4 and corresponding control groups, but were significantly lower in the other groups than in their control groups (P < 0.05). Cont-1 groups showed the lowest μTBS values (P < 0.05). Neither decontamination method prevented the decrease in μTBS when contamination occurred after light curing. Drying the blood contaminants and reapplying the adhesive may regain the dentin adhesion when contamination occurs before light curing. Alternatively, rinsing and drying contaminants followed by adhesive re-application may be effective depending on adhesive type.

Amelogênese Imperfeita: Relato de uma Reabilitação Estética Conservadora

Objective: The aim of this study was to report a case of an aesthetic rehabilitation in a patient with amelogenesis imperfecta, who was treated with the use of the enamel microabrasion technique associated with composite resin. Case Report: An 18-year-old female patient was admitted to the Dental Clinic of the Federal University of Paraiba in need of aesthetic treatment in her maxillary anterior teeth. After anamnesis and detailed clinical examination, the patient was diagnosed with amelogenesis imperfecta. The enamel microabrasion technique in association with composite resin was proposed to restore the dental areas showing loss of substance. The stains were minimized by the enamel microabrasion technique using a mixture of 37% phosphoric acid and pumice stone, followed by fluoride topical application. In order to achieve a better aesthetic result, increments of composite resin were used in the areas that showed enamel slope. The enamel was etched with 37% phosphoric acid for 30 seconds, rinsed for 15 seconds, and dried with tissue paper. Then conventional adhesive was applied and light-cured for 20 seconds, followed by incremental application of composite resin (nanofilled composite resin, EA3). Conclusion: Enamel microabrasion was an effective technique to minimize stains. When associated with the use of composite resin, aesthetic recovery of the affected teeth was observed. DESCRIPTORS Enamel Microabrasion. Imperfecta Amelogenesis. Composite Resins. Dental Aesthetic.

Long Term Water Storage Deteriorates Bonding of Composite Resin to Alumina and Zirconia Short Communication

Objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of long term water storage and ageing on the bond strength of resin composite cement to yttria-stabilized zirconium dioxide (zirconia) and dialuminium trioxide (alumina). Substrate specimens of alumina and zirconia were air particle abraded with dialuminium trioxide before priming and application of composite resin. Priming was made with gamma metharyloxy-trimethoxysilane or acryloxypropyl-trimethoxysilane monomer after which the intermediate dimethacrylate resin was applied and photopolymerized. This was followed by curing particulate composite resin cement (Relyx ARC) to the substrate as a resin stub. The ageing methods of the specimens (n=6) were: (1) they stored four years in 37±1ºC distilled water, (2) thermocycled 8000 times between 55±1ºC and 5±1ºC, (3) stored first in water for four years and then thermocycled. Specimens which were stored dry, were used as controls. Bonding of composite resin was measured by shear-bond strength test set-up. Both thermocycling and long-term water storage decreased significantly shear bond strength values compared to the control group (from the level of 20 MPa to 5 MPa) regardless of the used primer or the type of the substrate. Combination of four years water storage and thermocyling reduced the bond strength even more, to the level of two to three megapascals. In can be concluded that water storage and thermocycling itselves, and especially combination of water storage and thermocycling can cause considerable reduction in the bond strength of composite resin cement to alumina and zirconia.

Pengaruh Kontaminsi Saliva terhadap Kekuatan Tarik antara Resin Komposit dengan Jaringan Dentin

Composite resin are restorative materials having color similar to teeth and have been widely used in dentistry. The successful application of composite resin influences the duration of the restoration in the oral cavity. The aim of this research is to describe the influence of artificial saliva contamination and the application of re-conditioning on tensile bond strength of composite resin to dentin. In the control group, the dentin were etched, bonding were applied and composite resin were restored on the dentin. In the group with artificial saliva contamination without re-conditioning, the dentin were etched, bonding were applied and then contaminated with artificial saliva, dried and then restired with composite resin. While the group with artificial saliva contamination with re-conditioning, the dentin were etched, bonding were applied and contaminated with artificial saliva, and then etched and applied bonding agent and restored composite resin.Bond strength test used “Universal testing machine, AG 5000. The results showed that highest value of tensile bond strength of composite resin to dentin was at the control group. It can be concluded that artificial saliva contamination decreased tensile bond strength while re-conditioning application increased it. DOI: 10.14693/jdi.v15i2.69dentin

Pre- and co-curing effect of adhesives on shear bond strengths of composite resins to primary enamel and dentine: An in vitro study

To evaluate and compare shear bond strengths of composite resins to primary enamel and dentine when the adhesives are pre-cured (light cured before the application of the resin) or co-cured (adhesive and the resin light cured together). Buccal surfaces of 80 caries-free primary molars were wet ground to create bonding surfaces on enamel and dentine and specimens mounted on acrylic blocks. Two bonding agents (Prime and Bond NT® and Xeno III®) were applied to either enamel or dentine as per manufacturer's instructions. In 40 specimens, the bonding agent was light cured immediately after the application (pre-cured). The other 40 specimens were not light cured until the composite resin application (co-cured). Resin composite cylinders were made incrementally using acrylic moulds over the adhesives and light cured. Specimens were stored in deionised water for 24 hours at room temperature. Shear bond strength was measured using an Instron universal testing machine (in MPa) and was analysed with Student's unpaired t test. Light curing the adhesive separately produced significantly higher bond strengths to primary dentine than co-curing (p<0.001). At the same time light curing the adhesive separately did not produce significantly different bond strengths to primary enamel (p>0.05). Curing sequence had no significant effect on shear bond strength of adhesives on the primary enamel. Pre-curing adhesives before curing composite resins produced greater shear bond strength to primary dentine.

Tribological properties of solid multilayer composite coatings in dry rolling contact

This paper is aimed on a perspective multilayer composite coating that exhibits high wear resistance during dry rolling tribological condition. When testing on a ring-by-ring tribo-tester under vertical load of 100 N, a three-layer composite coating is optimal, which exhibits both the low friction coefficient and the low wear rate. From the SEM observation, a new dynamic lubricating film forms on the contact surface during tribological test, which is believed to be a key factor in improving the lubricity and wear resistance. This research shows that the route of multilayer structure may extend the application of composite resin coating in mechanical field.

Direct restoration with composite resin III. Selection and application of composite resins

按照材料组成及其聚合机制,直接粘接修复的主要材料包括复合树脂和玻璃离子水门汀两大类.取两类材料各自的优点,又出现了将其复合研制的复合体(compomer)、玻璃复合体(giomer)和光固化玻璃离子水门汀(light-cured glassionomer cements).复合树脂是目前临床应用最广的一类材料,具有和天然牙相似的色泽,并随着物理机械性能得以不断提高,已成为临床直接粘接修复的首要选择.大量临床实践证明,只要合理选择并使用得当,复合树脂可以获得令人满意的临床效果。

Surface Modification of In-Ceram Zirconia Ceramic by Nd:YAG Laser, Rocatec System, or Aluminum Oxide Sandblasting and Its Bond Strength to a Resin Cement

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of different surface treatments on bond strength between In-Ceram Zirconia ceramic and Panavia Fluoro Cement. Although several surface treatments have been used on In-Ceram Zirconia, no study has been conducted to investigate the effect of the Nd:YAG laser. Nine In-Ceram Zirconia blocks (10 x 10 x 6 mm) received three different surface treatments (n = 3 per group): group 1-Al2O3 sandblasting + silane; group 2-Al2O3 sandblasting + Rocatec Plus + silane; and group 3-Al2O3 sandblasting + Nd:YAG laser + silane. Resin cement was applied and light-cured, followed by the application of composite resin. The blocks were sectioned to obtain square rods with a cross-sectional dimension of 1.0 mm2 (n = 12 per group). Microtensile bond strength (muTBS) was recorded using a universal testing machine at a cross-head speed of 0.5 mm/min and expressed in megapascals (MPa). All groups yielded statistically significantly different muTBS mean values: group 1 (11.81 +/- 3.12 MPa); group 2 (15.75 +/- 4.45 MPa); group 3 (18.70 +/- 5.14 MPa) (ANOVA and Tukey's test; alpha = 0.05). Nd:YAG laser irradiation is an effective surface treatment for bonding between In-Ceram Zirconia and Panavia Fluoro Cement.

The effect of exposure duration of self etch dentin bonding on the toxicity of human gingival fibroblast of cell culture

Self etch dentin bonding created to make light easily activate the application of composite resin on tooth surface. The monomer content has acid effect that could irritate tooth pulp. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of light exposure duration of self etch dentin bonding on toxicity of human gingival fibroblast of cell culture by MTT assay. Self etch dentin bonding was used as on experimental unit and the sample was exposed by visible light curing in different duration: 10, 20, 30 seconds and immerged in artificial saliva in pH 7 for 24 hours. 100 µl artificial saliva was exposed to human gingival fibroblast of cell culture 20.000 cells/100 µl RPMI for 24 hours. Toxicity was evaluated by MTT assay, optical density was measured using 550 nm spectrophotometer. The data was analyzed using Kruskal Wallis in 5% degree of significance. The result showed that increasing exposure duration (10, 20, 30 seconds) of self etch dentin bonding will reduce the toxicity of human gingival fibroblast of cell culture. It is concluded that 30 seconds-exposure of self etch dentin bonding will reduce the toxicity of human gingival fibroblast of cell culture.