Application Of Communication Strategies Research Articles

Application of communication strategies in the diffusion of agricultural innovations and technologies: the case of Amhara Regional Agricultural Research Institute, Ethiopia

Application of communication strategies in the diffusion of agricultural innovations and technologies: the case of Amhara Regional Agricultural Research Institute, Ethiopia

A SYSTEMATIC REVIEW OF PATIENT PERSPECTIVE ON THE INFORMED CONSENT DOCTRINE: ETHICAL AND LEGAL REFLECTIONS

Informed consent is an ethical and legal doctrine of patients’ right of acquiescence to treatment and the disclosure of adequate information by the physician to facilitate patients’ medical decisions. The doctrine seeks to expand the scope of potential legal liabilities of medical practitioners and to promote patients’ rights to medical care. A breach of the informed consent doctrine could be actionable in battery or assault when there is bodily trespass without consent and the tort of clinical negligence when there are inadequate disclosures. This article is a desk-top systematic review of primary data from seven independent empirical studies on informed consent from the perspective of the patient in five common law African countries. The publications which were purposively searched and extracted from Google Scholar reveal that though majority of patients (at least 79 percent) granted consent for treatment, there was insufficient disclosure of material complications or risks, treatment alternatives or the right of patients to refuse medical treatment if they so wished. Disclosures on material risks were as low as 21.2 percent of patients. The physician’s competence in providing adequate information disclosure, demands continual medical training in the practice of the informed consent doctrine. The application of communication strategies that could enhance patients’ capacity to understand the informed consent process is recommended. Additionally, clear guidelines from relevant regulatory bodies are recommended to promote patient rights to informed consent and to protect medical practitioners from potential legal liabilities.

The Effects of Task Types on Communication Strategies in SLA: Looking Back and Forward

Studies on the effects of task types on Communication Strategies (CSs) in second language acquisition (SLA) have been carried out for more than two decades and have made great contribution to the development of second language teaching and acquisition. This paper mainly reviews the existing empirical studies to investigate how different task types employed can lead to the application of various CSs by L2 learners. The existing literatures are reviewed under the scope of three periods: the initial attempts, further investigation and recent studies. It is found that existing research has demonstrated well that both the frequency and the type of CSs are influenced by the tasks under completion. Albeit more systematic and rigorous studies are still called for to further support the findings of some studies and further CS research from newer and broader perspectives are still needed. The paper concludes with a discussion of the implications of these findings for SLA in English as second language (ESL) classrooms.

Métodos computacionales en Comunicación

El reciente aumento en los datos, herramientas y poder de procesamiento disponibles digitalmente está fomentando el uso de métodos computacionales para el estudio de la comunicación y en las Ciencias Sociales, en general. Un fenómeno que está abriendo nuevas líneas de investigación y aplicación práctica para la comprensión de fenómenos sociales en los contextos digitales actuales; así como en la identificación de factores que inciden en la ocurrencia de dichos eventos, en la aplicación de estrategias de comunicación, en el estudio de nuevos contextos de ejercicio ciudadano y de consumo de los usuarios desde los escenarios digitales actuales, y en la aplicación de nuevas metodologías que hasta no hace mucho eran ajenas al campo de las Ciencias Sociales y Humanísticas. El presente número intenta abordar el tema central de este número, desde algunas perspectivas presentadas por los autores que hacen parte de este número, con el fin de contribuir a tener una visión general de enfoques y perspectivas más relevantes de aplicabilidad de este tipo de métodos a nivel de la comunicación en la actualidad.

The Analysis of Communication Strategies Used by Polish L2 Learners

Abstract When we communicate, we make use of both verbal and non-verbal means. In a classroom situation, there are a number of obstacles which students encounter and which can impede their communication. In L2 learning contexts, one of the commonest barriers is the language. Thus, the application of communication strategies (CS) is necessary with a view to compensating for various difficulties and avoiding communication failure or achieving communicative success. The objective of our paper is to analyze the occurrence and the incidence of communication strategies in the speech of Polish L2 learners. The subjects we tested are representatives of four different proficiency groups: - intermediate (junior high school 3rd class learners), - upper-intermediate (technical secondary school students who are taking their final maturity exams), - pre-advanced (1st year philology students) and advanced (3rd year philology students). A survey was conducted with a view to eliciting the linguistic data which enabled us to determine the occurrence and incidence of communication strategies (CS). More specifically, we observed if and, if yes, to what extent the learners use the strategies in order to compensate for the challenging moments which they encounter when they communicate.

The Application of Communication Strategies by Students with Different Levels of Communication Apprehension in EFL Context

The purpose of this study is to examine different kinds of communication strategies employed by students with different levels of communication apprehension in Iranian EFL context. It also investigates which communication strategies are the most and the least frequent ones used by students with high and low levels of communication apprehension. The research participants watched a short visual story and then retold what they found out. The participants employed thirteen communicative strategies which were ranged from the most to the least frequent for both groups of EFL learners. In terms of the type and the frequency of communication strategies, the outcomes of research revealed that EFL learners with high level of communication apprehension employed a larger number of communicative strategies than EFL learners with low level of communication apprehension.

Quasi-Experiment Study on Effectiveness Evaluation of Health Communication Strategies.

This experimental study examined differences in doctor-patient relationships according to the health communication strategies during cases of medical malpractices occurred at primary medical institution. A total of 116 subjects aged in their 20s-50s was sampled. The first medical malpractice scenario chosen was the medical malpractice case most frequently registered at the Korean Medical Association Mutual Aid and the second scenario was associated with materials and devices as the cause of malpractice. Four types of crisis communication strategy messages were utilized, consisting of denial, denial + ingratiation, apology, and apology + ingratiation. Subjects were classified into four research groups by crisis communication strategy to measure levels of trust, control mutuality, commitment, and satisfaction, before and after the occurrence of medical malpractice and application of communication strategies. The findings of this study revealed that the apology strategy, compared with the denial strategy, showed a smaller difference before and after the application of communication strategies in all variables of trust (F = 8.080, F = 5.768), control mutuality (F = 8.824, F = 9.081), commitment (F = 9.815, F = 8.301), and satisfaction (F = 8.723, F = 5.638). Further, a significant interaction effect was shown between variables. The apology strategy, compared with the denial strategy, was effective in the improvement of doctor-patient relationships in both Scenarios I and II. For Scenario I, the apology strategy without ingratiation boosted commitment and satisfaction, but for Scenario II, utilizing the apology strategy with ingratiation boosted the effectiveness of trust and commitment.

Screening Receptive Communication of Older Adults in Residential Care

Receptive communication of 341 older adults was evaluated in 9 nursing homes. The following assessments were conducted: case history, otoscopic examination, visual perception of facial movements, hearing aid function, sentence identification, and ratings of conversational fluency. The majority of clients reported hearing loss and low vision that interfered with their communication. Otoscopic examination revealed that nearly a third of the ears contained excessive cerumen. Visual perception results indicated that nearly all clients could see the clinician's head movements, but that some clients could not see mouth or eye movements. Fewer than half of the clients owned hearing aids, but not all owners used them. Common problems related to non-use of hearing aids included blocked earmolds and dead batteries. Sentence identification and conversational fluency were improved by the use of amplification, but positive results often depended on application of communication strategies by the partner. Recommendations are provided for training staff and caregivers to increase their awareness of client needs and to modify their own behavior for more effective communication with older people.