Application Of Cleaner Production Research Articles

THE INFLUENCING FACTORS IN CLEANER PRODUCTION ADOPTION ON THE ALUMINIUM PROCESSING INDUSTRY

Cleaner Production (CP) practices comprised environmental strategy perpetually applied in the production, processes, and services to bolster efficiency, safety, and environmental friendliness. Some factors are to be considered to achieve a cleaner production strategy: stakeholders establishment, surveys, utilization, and impact, as well as how the top management devote their practices towards cleaner production. Combining with the mindset of sustainable stocks and resources, this exercise of cleaner production provides advantages of minimum toxic wastes and residues. In this study, we prioritize this practice to be applied in the aluminum industry, of which cleaner production action has not yet been employed. Small and medium businesses now no longer have enough monetary assets to put money into cleaner production practices because they require high-cost investment. This study aimed to determine the factors that have an impact on the application of cleaner production. The method used is regression analysis. The regression analysis results showed that three variables were tested to be significant and had a Root Mean Square Error (RMSE) value of 3.05 which means good. Three variables that affected the implementation of cleaner production include measurement of fuel usage, efforts to improve production process efficiency, and waste reuse by product. From the calculation results, the coefficient of determination (R2) was 0.550 (the influence was quite strong). The results of this study can be used as a recommendation for the government to increase the implementation cleaner production in Jombang Regency.

A novel solar desalination system integrating inclined and tubular solar still with parabolic concentrator

Nowadays, solar energy has great attention and attracts many researchers for cleaner production applications including direct solar energy utilization for water desalination. The present study introduces a novel solar desalination system integrating high temperature tubular solar still, heated by a parabolic concentrator solar tracking device, and a low temperature inclined solar still device. In this system a small circulation water pump was used to circulate saline water in both devices through a copper U-tube heat exchanger placed inside the trough of the tubular solar still. This strategy is expected to regulate the excessive heat of the tubular solar still exerted by the parabolic concentrator and increase the temperature inside the inclined solar still. Results showed high performance of the augmented system with a daily freshwater yield and thermal efficiency of 7.82 L/day and 35.6%, respectively. Furthermore, a low production cost per liter of $0.012 has been achieved. The developed system can comfortably secure the essential daily needs of one person which is suitable for low demand of isolated and small communities. The obtained results will open further development opportunities for future research efforts.

The Opportunities of Cleaner Production in Carica (Carica pubescens) Industry to Reduce Hazardous Waste

Wonosobo regency had many small and medium industries which produced carica fruit into candied carica. In the process of making candied carica by using simple technology, there tented to be inefficient in the use of materials, energy and water. It raised the amount of waste which can cause economic loss and environmental. The implementation could be used as one of the efforts to improve efficiency is cleaner production. This study aimed to identify the process of inefficiencies at each stage in the process of production and to provide alternative opportunities of applying cleaner production in the process of making candied carica. The methods were the observation, direct measurement and interview. The results showed the alternative opportunities of applying cleaner production that uses container vessel while charging syrup in the packaging process and the filtering process results boiling syrup; the application of operational standards of production use of tools and materials; application of good housekeeping; the separation between the solid and liquid waste; reuse used water from sinks, leather waste utilization for composting. The benefits of economic and environmental that derived from the application of cleaner production is the use of container vessel in the packaging process and filtered the boiled syrup IDR. 1,200,000 savings/ month and reduced liquid waste as much as 240 liters/ month. Reuse of washing water used could save IDR. 380,424/ month and reduce liquid waste as much as 110.268 liters / month. Utilization of the skin as compost obtained profits IDR. 2,220,000/ month and reduced solid waste 3,600 kg/ month. Thus, the implementation of cleaner production improved economic and environmental benefits of reduced waste formation

Scenario Development of Implementing Cleaner Production on Pepper Agroindustry

Smallholder plantations dominate pepper development in Indonesia. In global trade, Indonesia has experienced pepper product detention due to the contamination of microorganisms. It is related to traditional agro-industrial activities that must be improved in quality assurance, hygiene, and food safety. The application of cleaner production is one strategy to overcome this condition. This study aims to analyze the application of a cleaner production approach in the pepper agroindustry. The analysis was performed using Interpretative Structural Modelling (ISM). Cleaner production in the pepper agroindustry is implemented by improving traditional processing systems and mechanical processing applications. The objectives are to increase productivity, process efficiency, and product quality. Both strategies can still be implemented based on conditions in the field. Strategies for improving traditional pepper processing include developing knowledge transfer, enhancing farmer skills, and processing infrastructure and technology provision. The application of machines’ processing requires availability and accessibility of technology and support from farmer organizations, financing institutions, and extension programs. The strategy of mechanical processing application begins with strengthening farmer institutions, improving access to finance and financial facilitating by the government, and building stakeholder engagement.

Adoption of cleaner production in a pupunha palm heart factory: a systematic literature review and a case study

The pupunha (peach palm) palm heart production in the Vale do Ribeira (southern region of the State of São Paulo-Brazil) brings economic benefits to the region, and environmental risks with the generation of a large amount of waste. The Cleaner Production adoption in the pupunha palm heart factories is a strategy for reducing environmental impacts and generating profit, with consequent rational use of raw material, reuse of waste, and new equipment installation. This research aims to evaluate the Cleaner Production adoption’s environmental and economic benefits in the reuse of waste generated in pupunha palm heart processing. The case study was carried out in a factory, using direct observation, interviews, and documentary data. The calculation of ROI was an adequate tool for economic evaluation, and the adoption of gondolas in the stages of material separation and waste treatment provided improvements in the production processes. The Cleaner Production application increased the theoretical knowledge about the treatment and use of the waste, reduced the environmental impact, allowed the development of a new business, and generated economic gains through the creation of employment and increase of income.

Use of multi-criteria decision models for optimization of selecting the most appropriate best available techniques in cleaner production applications: A case study in a textile industry

In the decision-making process of the best available techniques (BAT), there are important uncertainties such as the absence of versatile defined evaluation criteria and systematic decision-making models. This study aimed to contribute to the development and systematization of decision-making processes for BATs in industrial facilities. An exemplary application was carried out in an integrated home textile production facility. A comprehensive cleaner production analysis study was carried out in the facility and an initial BAT list (total of 52 BATs) was prepared. In addition, a total of 40 novel evaluation criteria was defined in seven main groups such as resource use, environmental benefits, side interactions, economic saving, and applicability. A total of 15 different multi-criteria decision-making models were investigated and among them the preference ranking organization method for enrichment evaluations (PROMETHEE), technique for order preference by similarity to ideal solution (TOPSIS), multi criteria optimization and compromise solution technique (VIKOR), additive ratio assessment (ARAS), and complex proportional assessment (COPRAS) decision-making models were selected for use in the BAT decision-making process. Employing these models, most appropriate BATs were selected for the facility. In addition, the results of the studied 5 models were technically compared. It was found that VIKOR and COPRAS models can be preferred in the process of deciding on BATs in cleaner production applications. Moreover, it was concluded that the defined evaluation criteria in this work were also sufficient for decision-making processes. It is believed that this paper will be a good technical guide and provide a significant contribution to BAT selection/decision-making processes in full-scale industrial cleaner production applications in terms of elimination of uncertainties and improvement of the overall decision-making process.

Cleaner Production Assessment of the Aluminium Industry

Cleaner Production (CP) practices comprised environmental strategy perpetually applied in the production, processes, and services to bolster efficiency, safety, and environmental friendliness. Combining with the mindset of sustainable stocks and resources, this exercise of cleaner production provides advantages of minimum toxic wastes and residues. In this study, we prioritize this practice to be applied in the aluminum industry, of which cleaner production action has not yet been employed. This study aimed to assess the application of cleaner production in the aluminum industry. The method used is assessing cleaner production using the criteria of raw materials, production processes, water and wastewater, energy use, good housekeeping, solid waste and gas, human resources, and environmental performance. The assessment results of the cleaner production application indicate that the Mandiri industry type is generally at level 2 with a frequency of 13 industries. In general, SMAR’S is at level 3 with a frequency of 11 industries, and in the BLK industry, it is at level 2 with 11 industries. These results can be used as a recommendation for the government to increase cleaner production in the Jombang Regency.

Application of Cleaner Production in a Fruit Chips Industry

Cleaner production (CP) is one of the sustainable implementations of a comprehensive preventive environmental strategy involving company processes, products, and services. CP plan implementation still faces obstacles, such as the lack of detailed information, tools, and techniques. This study aimed to determine the variables and to select alternative solutions for cleaner production at a fruit chip industry using the Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP) method. The research was carried out at PT Agrijaya Indotirta in Malang, East Java. The production process at this company generates waste from the consumption of energy, water, materials, and raw materials. Energy and water consumption are disposed directly without preliminary recycling process. Used oil is sold, and the remaining fruit seeds are sold for seeds. Checklists are used for problem identification, while fishbone diagrams and the 5W1H method are used to solve the problem of getting the best solution from the available alternatives. The weighting results of the alternative solutions using the AHP method show that the application of Good Manufacturing Practice (GMP) (with a weight of 0.287080) on the human resource criteria (with a weight of 0.63699) is a suitable alternative solution for the CP application of fruit chips production at PT Agrijaya Indotirta. Cleaner production can be performed by improving the capacity of human resources as production actors and regulators of proper waste management.

KAJIAN PENERAPAN PRODUKSI BERSIH DI AGROINDUSTRI KOPI WULAN, KECAMATAN MAESAN, KABUPATEN BONDOWOSO

Wulan Coffee Agroindustry is one of agroindustries in region of Bondowoso that applies the semi-wet method and it has potential to be certified by Geographical Indications (IG). The wastes of arabica coffee processing at Wulan Coffee Agroindustry is directly thrown to the surrounding environment without being repaired first, because of that, it is worried that can affect human health and the environment. Therefore, further treatment is necessary to reduce the impact of waste pollutions and improve the efficiency of processing by using cleaner production technology. This study aimed to examine the priority alternative of cleaner production at Wulan Coffee Agroindustry. The method used in this study is descriptive quantitative with mass balance analysis, energy balance analysis, feasibility analysis, and priority analysis of cleaner production application using the method of AHP (Analytical Hierarchy Process). The waste management alternative in the Wulan Coffee Agroindustry were coffee pulp waste processing i.e. cascara tea, briquettes, and animal feed, also the waste water of coffee processing as biogas. The cleaner production applied in the Wulan Coffee Agroindustry had alternatives likes coffee green bean, coffee powder, and cascara tea. It was the priority scale to be applied because technically factor and financial factor consist of NPV, IRR, B/C ratio, and PBP were Rp 1.211.88.689; 49%; 6.27, and 0.76 or 9 month. Therefore, the result of AHP analysis using expert choice application showed that cascara tea was the priority alternative of cleaner production application with value of 15,4. Keyword: arabica coffee, assessment, Bondowoso, feasibility analysis, waste utilization

ANALISIS PENERAPAN PRODUKSI BERSIH PADA INDUSTRI TEMPE

Tempe is one of Indonesia's special foods made from soybeans. This study aims to identify and analyze application of cleaner production to the tempe industry. Analysis of the application of cleaner production is done by the quick scanning method at each stage of the production process and then tested for its technical and economic feasibility (PBP). The analysis results of the application of cleaner production in the tempe industry are tool modification, fuel substitution, use of personal protective equipment, reuse, recycle and reduce. Based on the results of technical and economic feasibility tests, the alternative application of cleaner production in the form of solid waste utilization of soybean husks as animal feed is the first priority scale to be applied to the tempe industry

Implementation of cleaner production to improve wastewater treatment performance

Wastewater management in hospitals is needed to process wastewater generated from each hospital’s activities to reduce polluters’ burden in its disembodied. Wastewater management, in general in hospitals, applies the end of the pipe, which certainly does not completely solve existing environmental problems. The implementation of clean production is expected to improve wastewater treatment performance by identifying inefficiency opportunities in wastewater treatment and efforts to reuse processed water. The research was conducted by conducting laboratory analysis of wastewater treatment results using chemical and biological physics parameters and looking at the opportunities that can be done from the inefficient wastewater treatment described using flow diagrams. The analysis results showed that the processed wastewater from the wastewater treatment process still meets the standard requirements based on physical, chemical, and biological parameters so that it can be utilized back into raw water for hospitals. Identification of aspects found in the existence of inefficiencies is humans, methods, materials, and machinery. The application of cleaner production to provide recommendations for other hospitals to improve wastewater treatment performance as well as wastewater treatment utilization. Implementation of cleaner production to improve wastewater treatment performance through identification in each process and investigate the potential application of cleaner production that can be applied to the system..

RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN CLEANER PRODUCTION PRACTICES AND COMPANY SIZE IN THE BRAZILIAN TEXTILE INDUSTRY

The application of Cleaner Production (CP) practices is a preventive strategy guided by economic and environmental benefits to companies. The textile industry is a major generator of pollutants, yet it is a crucial sector in Brazil that generates annual revenues of USD 51.58 billion and millions of jobs, even though it is constituted mostly of small and medium companies. This study aims to identify the CP practices adopted by different sizes of companies in the textile sector located in Brazil. A survey was conducted, and answers were analyzed using the Kruskal-Wallis test to assess the relevance of each CP practice according to company size. The results showed that small companies apply CP practices exclusively for economic benefit because they have financial difficulties and lack of credit, medium-sized companies are challenged by large supply chains to achieve an environmental management system to provide products and services, and large companies seek green certifications to export their products to the European market. The results contribute to business practices by facilitating identification of the most relevant CP practices for each company size.

Selection strategy implementation of cleaner production using ISM and AHP Method in Chemical Laboratory of Service Industries

The chemical analysis in the service industry cannot be separated from energy use, water, consumables, and chemicals related to the amount of waste produced. The number of hazardous solid waste generated in the CRS Chemical Laboratory division has increased in certain months, ranging from 400-600 kg. This shows the low implementation of green production in the company. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to analyze the key criteria and determine the best strategies to reduce waste. The method used in this study is Interpretive Structural Modeling to find key criteria and the Analytic Hierarchy Process method to determine the priority selection of clean production implementation strategies. This study uses a questionnaire distributed to four experts. The results showed that there were nineteen sub-criteria analyzed in determining key criteria. The sub-criteria for lack of awareness from both individuals and organizations regarding changes for the better is a key criterion in the application of cleaner production. Furthermore, the best alternative calculation results using the AHP method obtained by the implementation of periodic green production socialization to employees has the greatest valuation of 0.57 with a Consistency Ratio (CR) of 0.09. Further research is needed to evaluate the alternatives chosen.

Study on Possibility of Cleaner Production Application at Small Scale Bakery Industry in Pekalongan Indonesia

This study analyzed the opportunities for implementing a cleaner production of small bread industries. The research begun with identification of the process stages, problems and opportunities for the application of cleaner production as well as an analysis of alternative feasibility of environmental, technical and financial aspects. The study found a variety of problems such as no special fermentation chambers, no determination of fermentation time, scattered flour, smoking workers, spilt dough, inappropriate placing goods, and the use of lights during the day, untreated eggshells, leftover bread and off-grade bread, the liquid waste from the washing process goes into the water body, unsold bread, and does not have a halal certificate. The recommended alternatives are making space and determining fermentation time, Good Manufacturing Practices, lighting re-design during the day, eggshells process into fertilizer, the remaining slices of bread and off-grade bread are processed into bread crumb flour, four stages of washing, submitting halal certificates, and bread waste flour as animal feeds. The implementation of cleaner production can: (i) increase bread production of 21.19 to 21.80 ton/month, (ii) reduce washing water from 4,000 to 3,600 liters/month, (iii) cut electricity from 1,613 to 1,593 kWh/month, (iv) improve treated solid waste from 3.27 to 3.43 tons/month, and (v) increased sales of fresh bread to 34,996 packs/month and sweet bread 14,560 packs/month. The total profit that can be obtained by applying cleaner production is Rp 21,324,000 per month. Keywords : cleaner production, feasibility analysis, small bread industry DOI : 10.7176/CPER/59-01

Water efficiency and wastewater reduction in an integrated woolen textile mill

The most important environmental issues caused by the textile industry are intensive water consumption, high amounts of wastewater generation with significant pollutant loads. Previous studies were focused on minimization of water consumption and wastewater amounts in cotton textile finishing-dyeing. There are very few real-scale scientific studies about water efficiency in woolen textile production. In this study, it was aimed to reduce water consumption, wastewater amount and its pollutant loads by appropriate techno-economical minimization techniques in an integrated woolen textile mill. In this context, water consumptions and wastewater generations in basic and other auxiliary processes of the mill were examined by detailed on-site investigations. Process based specific water consumption and wastewater values were calculated. Additionally, water and wastewater samples were collected at different periods and analyzed. Specific pollutant loads of wastewater were also calculated. Thus, reuse potentials of the process wastewaters were evaluated. Moreover, saving and reduction potentials of the mill were determined by comparing with similar textile mills. Total of 82 minimization techniques were identified and evaluated by using multi-criteria decision-making methods. As a result, it was decided to implement 9 minimization techniques in the mill. Thus, reductions in water consumption by 41–69%, wastewater amounts by 48–75% and wastewater chemical loads by 28–63% can be achieved by the implementation of the minimization techniques. Potential payback period was ranged between 24 and 60 months. Employed methodology and findings of the study may be useful to similar textile mills, stakeholders and regulators. Presented results may also provide a road map to textile industry for cleaner production applications.

TEKNIK BIOFLOKULASI Alcaligenes latus PADA INDUSTRI TAPIOKA UNTUK MENGURANGI PENCEMARAN LINGKUNGAN

Almost all of the tapioca industries in Bogor are small scale industries and have not implemented the cleaner production practices yet. Results of the survey showed that careless in discharging process of solid and liquid wastes and the absent of waste treatment caused pollution. Utilization of solid waste to handle liquid waste is one of the application of cleaner production. Onggok as solid waste has been utilized to minimize the negative effect of the liquid tapioca waste. It is used as medium of Alcaligenes latus. The microbecan grow well in glucose produce from the onggok in concentration of 5 g/l and fermentation period of 30 days. Treatment with biofloculation reduced liquid waste turbidity by 54%, TSS 60%, BOD by 33%, COD by 34% and cyanide content by 41%. Treatment with biofloculation and dilution reduce turbidity by 89%, TSS by 91%, BOD by 62%, COD by 70% and cyanide content by 78%. Finally, combination of biofloculation, aeration and dilution treatment reduce turbidity by 93%, TSS by 95%, BOD by 71%, COD by 74% and cyanide content by 35%.Key words: biofloculation, solid and liquid waste tapioca, Alcaligenes latus

Cleaner Production Applied in a Small Furniture Industry in Brazil: Addressing Focused Changes in Design to Reduce Waste

The wood industry is known for being among the biggest resource consumers, having a relatively low yield. The wood furniture industry as part of the wood industry also remains a big generator of residues and a big consumer of resources. Diverse solutions and technologies have been developed to deal with the residues generated, but those technologies are mostly applied at the end of the production chain with limited results. Cleaner production represents a program based on continuous strategies applied to a more sustainable use of materials and energy, minimizing waste and pollution. This paper presents a case study of a cleaner production program developed in a small furniture industry in Salvador de Bahia, Brazil, applying the concepts of cleaner production with parameters of ecodesign developed for the furniture industry. The object of study was the production of a wooden chair made from eucalyptus wood. The application of the cleaner production program and ecodesign parameters allowed a detailed characterization of the waste, resulting in opportunities for a reduction of the use of raw material by 30%, a reduction in waste by 49% and allowing a reduction in energy by 36% due to simplification of the productive process. Among the strategies applied were reshaping pieces, redesigning, and the substitution of materials. The results suggest that despite the existence of more complex environmental methods and approaches, the application of cleaner production plus ecodesign parameters could be more achievable for micro and small furniture industries.

Application of Cleaner Production in Palm Oil Mill Industries in Indonesia

Application of Cleaner Production in Palm Oil Mill Industries in Indonesia

PELUANG PENERAPAN PRODUKSI BERSIH PADA KAWASAN INDUSTRI PERIKANAN MUNCAR KABUPATEN BANYUWANGI JAWA TIMUR

Coastal areas in Muncar Banyuwangi has developed one of the largest fisherys industry centers in Indonesia. Fisherys industry in the production process using a fish as a main input and also need a lot of clean water. The impact of these activities is the occurrence of environmental pollution in the form of liquid waste and the unpleasant smell. Cleaner produktion is minimization of waste from source. The application of cleaner production with its assessment and identification to production process will create any innovations. In the cleaner production method contains several strategies that can be implemented forreducing and minimizing of industrial waste including prevention, recycling, treatment and disposing. One of prospective instruments that can be developed further in the industrial implementation of cleaner production is fisherys industry at Muncar Banyuwangi. The main opportunities to implementation of cleaner production, especially in stages using excessive water in the process of weeding and cleaning fish, stage of the main raw material the use of fish by re-sorting a more effective, and efficient charging process scattered on the tin.Key words : Cleaner production, fisherys industry

THE STATE OF RESEARCH ON CLEANER PRODUCTION IN BRAZIL

ABSTRACT The application of cleaner production (CP) practices in companies is not commonplace in Brazil. Moreover, there are significant difficulties in establishing partnerships among universities, companies, and the government. However, an increase in the number of companies concerned about the impacts of industrial activities on the environment has enabled the development of CP research. Hence, using a literature review and a bibliometric analysis to quantify the scientific production of CP, published in a congress promoted by the Journal of Cleaner Production in Brazil, and an analysis of social networks using UCINET-Draw, this study contributes to the current state of CP research in Brazil. Despite remarkable developments, shareholders and entrepreneurs still lack knowledge about the subsidies/funds to implement CP made available by the government, which would improve the implementation of CP practices. Moreover, university research programs may help companies to generate innovations in this field. This study is one of the first to review CP practices in Brazil, and proposes a framework to promote CP practices in Brazil.