Application Of Chemical Substances Research Articles

Physiological adaptations of the Japanese plum tree for agricultural productivity: A promising crop for high altitude tropics

The Japanese plum tree is of great importance in the productive development of Colombian fruit growers due to its nutritional contribution to human health, its great adaptability in the tropical highlands, and its good yields. This review presents the current investigative state of physiology of this plant and its management in tropical highlands, including aspects such as its ecophysiology, forced production, gas exchange, flowering, pollination, and fruit development. In Colombia, Japanese plum production systems are adapted between 1,670 and 2,900 m a.s.l., average solar brightness of 1,400 h per year, 12 h photoperiods, temperatures between 14 and 20°C during the day and 6 and 8°C during the night, and rainfall between 700 and 1,600 mm per year. Under these conditions, management can be implemented to produce cyclical crops of the Japanese plum. This management consists of the selection of varieties with low chilling requirement, chemical defoliation, proper fertilization, fruit and green pruning, and the application of chemical substances that promote the breaking of flower buds. Flowering and pollination require a high specificity so that they do not present incompatibility. The growth and development of the fruit requires 1,538 degree days until harvest. This review indicates the great adaptability, management, and production of Japanese plum in the Colombian high tropics.

The Network Transmission Path Risk Assessment and Application of Chemical Substances in Toys

Through the analysis of the risk transmission mechanism of chemical substances in toys, this paper identifies risk sources, transmission carriers, key nodes, and risk recipients, and draws a risk transmission path diagram. Taking the risk factors in the supply chain system as the research subject, this paper constructs a risk index system for chemical substances’ limit in toys, and calculates the probability of risk and the degree of influence by the fuzzy evaluation method. Based on the Bayesian network model, this paper analyzes the causality of risk transmission effects. Through the comprehensive use of fuzzy evaluation and Bayesian network methods, a relatively complete chemical substance risk transmission path assessment system has been established using China’s Guangdong toy companies as the data store to provide a feasible basis for responding to the risk control measures of toxic and hazardous chemical substances in toys.

Effect of silver nitrate and growth regulators to enhance anther culture response in wheat (Triticum aestivum L.)

Application of chemical substances as stress pre-treatment factors may positively influence androgenetic responses in cereal and other crops. AgNO3 is an anti-ethylene compounds that played a significant role in combination with other chemicals for anther culture responses in cereal and other crop plants. For this study two local wheat cultivars viz. Kheri and Akbar were considered to evaluate the effect of AgNO3 and to optimize the suitable doses of plant growth regulators, amino acids and sucrose that supplemented in MS medium. Data were recorded on the basis of embryoids induction, regenerated green and albino plants. The results clearly stated that anther culture responses and its major outcomes on regeneration significantly increased with suitable dosages of chemicals. The most noteworthy increases embryo like structures and regenerated green plants accomplished by utilizing the combined effect of AgNO3 (50 mg/l) and as plant growth regulators IAA (1.0 mg/l) + kinetin (0.5 mg/l). Best embryo like structures (79.17%) and green plants (33.33%) were recorded in Kheri. The results clearly stated that reducing albinism and increasing embryos induction and green plants 50–75 mg/l silver nitrate along with optimum doses of IAA and kinetin showed very effective results in wheat.

Synthesis: Global Environmental Impact and Concern

The general growing awareness towards the environment has made industries to reframe their synthetic approaches so as to cause minimal affect on the environment. The major question in present scenario is how we can synthesize with minimal impact on environment. The major challenges before the researchers are, handling of waste and its treatment, designing of environmentally benign procedures, preservation and reutilization of the limited resources and lastly to increase the efficiency of the procedure. A great many environment friendly strategies were invented by chemists after the introduction of concept of “Green Chemistry” by Paul Anastas in 1998. Green Chemistry stated as attentive effort of dismissing or reducing the use and formation of hazardous chemicals in the synthesis and application of chemical substances.

Research Related to Capsular Contracture after Breast Augmentation for Cosmetic or Reconstructive Purposes

The upward trend of patients opting for elective breast augmentation, as well as the large number of patients benefiting from alloplastic breast reconstruction, require further studies on the safety profile of these techniques. Without any doubt, the incidence of Breast Implant-Associated Anaplastic Large Cell Lymphoma (BIA-ALCL) has drawn attention to the possible unknown complications characteristic of these procedures, creating the context of further studies devoted to this issue. The present research examines the capsular contracture rate on a group of 253 patients between 2015 and 2019, also proposing a scoring system based on the integration of the main diagnostic criteria related to the capsular contracture. The results of the literature review indicate that a lower incidence of capsular contracture could be achieved by using the newest techniques in the field involving the application of chemical substances on the surface of the latest generation of silicone breast implants.

A transparent access chamber for the rat dorsal skin fold

The design and surgical implantation procedure of a new aluminum chamber with a transparent window for the rat dorsal skin fold are described. The chamber combines strength, low weight, and high optical transparency, and provides access to the subcutaneous tissue. The latter permits transplantation of different tissue, application of chemical substances, or micromanipulation. In the present work, a mammary adenocarcinoma was transplanted into the subcutaneous tissue within the chamber for observation of tumor growth and microcirculation.

Biological and clinical approach to the problem of tumor radiosensitivity

The aim of every form of radiotherapy has always been the selective elimination of tumor cells from the cancerous body. Unfortunately over 70 years’ experience has shown that this goal is not usually feasible even at the local site. In attempting to explain the «failure» of traditional radiotherapy account must be taken of recent discoveries in cellular radiobiology, especially: a) the roughly equal «intrinsic radiosensitivity» of the various mammalian cells, whether normal or neoplastic; b) the relative radioprotection enjoyed by some normal and cancer cells in the cancerous organism. The two main problems facing radiotherapy at present are: 1) how to interfere with the cell's intrinsic radiosensitivity from the outside by physical, chemical and biological means; 2) how to interfere selectively with neoplastic cells. It is thus clear that modern radiotherapy calls for appropriate preparation of the substrate: the cancerous organism. The recent successful application of chemical substances tried in other fields of human pathology to attempts at radiosensitizing tumors is a promising approach to this research of new paths with old tools.