Application Of Centrifugal Pumps Research Articles

The requirements to successful centrifugal pump application for desalination and power plant processes

The centrifugal pumps find a wide application in the area of technology because of their hydraulical qualities, their capabilities to adapt oneself to variable operating conditions, and their ability to discharge different kinds of fluids. Today the designers of desalination and power plants pumps attempt to develop low cost and high efficiency pumps with a high reliability for the plants. This paper indicates the requirements to successful application of centrifugal pumps for desalination and power plants, and their realization, to optimise the reliability, the energy usage, the maintenance costs and to avoid an unsatisfactory hydraulic performance, high energy costs, high maintenance costs and poor reliability.

Centrifugal Pump Academy: Locating the greatest centrifugal pump energy savings

This month's guide to successful centrifugal pump application highlights the energy savings possible through properly matching pump specification to the system requirements. These potential savings are compared to those attainable through the use of high efficiency motors and improved pump efficiency. The following analysis, however, reviews only constant speed applications and does not address centrifugal pumps which are operated under variable speed conditions.

Cost factors when considering pumping rate and line size

The primary function of most centrifugal pump applications is to move a liquid from one location to another. It is usually of equal importance that the liquid be moved in a specific period of time. These two simple requirements determine the principal characteristics of the pump, namely its head versus flow characteristic; they also influence the pump's ability to handle the minimum suction pressure at the maximum required flow rate, i.e., its net positive suction head required (NPSHR). For the purpose of discussion it is assumed that the NPSHR is not in question. The issues dealt with are energy costs versus line size and capital expenditure.

Pumps as turbines for low cost micro hydro power

Small centrifugal pumps are suitable for use as hydraulic turbines and have the advantage of being mass produced in many countries throughout the world. When used with an integral induction motor, they can be installed as a combined turbine and generator unit. Recent research and development work carried out at Nottingham Trent University in collaboration with the Intermediate Technology Development Group has concentrated on two aspects that had previously held back the wider application of this technology. A standard design of Induction Generator Controller (IGC), enabling these units to be used for isolated micro hydro schemes, has been proven, and is now being manufactured in five countries world-wide. Progress has also been made on the application of performance prediction methods which facilitate the selection of a pump unit for particular site conditions. Sites, suitable for the application of small centrifugal pumps as turbines are of two main types: firstly, as a low-cost alternative to crossflow turbines with an output of 5kW or less; secondly, for energy recovery in pipelines. These types of installation may be suitable for industrialized and developing countries. Three examples of different types of scheme are described in the paper and these show the favourable financial returns that are possible.

Application of centrifugal force pumps in the purification of gases

Application of centrifugal force pumps in the purification of gases

A New Application of Centrifugal Pump to Axilloiliac Temporary Bypass During Surgery of Thoracic Aortic Aneurysm—A Case Report

In order to avoid postoperative renal failure, liver failure, and paraplegia due to a suboptimal perfusion of the organs, the authors applied a centrifugal pump to a temporary axilloiliac bypass during surgery for a thoracic aortic aneurysm and successfully conducted the intraoperative and postoperative management of a patient with severe renal dysfunction and moderate liver dys function. With the use of a centrifugal pump in the axilloiliac bypass, not only was optimal perfusion of the intraabdominal organs and spinal cord obtained, but also left ventricular afterload was reduced. This type of centrifugal pump application can thus provide a better operative field without any bypass circuit in it and also help in preventing postoperative renal and hepatic failure and paraplegia.

Rotor Dynamics of Centrifugal Pumps "a Matter of Fluid Forces"

In the industrial application of centrifugal pumps, power densities and operating speeds have increased continuously in the last decade. Operating experience at these increased speeds and power densities has shown the tremendous impact of rotor dynamics on the reliability of these pumps. This has resulted in a considerable research and development (R&D) effort world wide towards the phenomena that affect pump rotor dynamic behavior. This paper reviews the available methods and the specific R&D conducted towards effective prediction of pump rotor dynamic behavior

Pumping Applications in the Petroleum and Chemical Industries

There has been a great deal of discussion and literature on saving electrical energy used by centrifugal pumps. Most of the attention, however, has been given to one general type of centrifugal pump application?variable-flow variable-pressure?and the role of the control loops of the system has generally not been dealt with. In actual practice, centrifugal pump applications can be classified into three general types: 1) variable-flow variable-pressure; 2) constant-flow variable-pressure; and 3) variable-flow constant-pressure. The actual type is determined by the control loops of the system. A user who is interested in implementing an energy savings program by using electrical adjustable speed control must select and analyze specific applications, which may fall into any of the above three categories. Each of these applications must be analyzed with a different approach?they cannot all be analyzed as variable-flow variable-pressure systems. This paper will review the three general types of applications which are seen for centrifugal pumps and suggest a method of implementing an energy savings program and analyzing each type of system.

Reverse running centrifugal pumps as hydraulic power recovery turbines for seawater reverse osmosis systems

Because of the ever increasing energy demand and costs, different recovery systems are becoming more and more useful and economical. On the Reverse Osmosis (RO) Systems about 70% of the energy for pumping is wasted at pressures of 800–1000 psi. This paper will discuss the application of reverse running centrifugal pumps as power recovery turbines to recover up to 80% of that energy. The economics of Hydraulic Power Recovery Turbine (HPRT) systems are explored with respect to the equipment cost, operating costs and payouts for the different sizes of R.O. Systems. HPRT's come in various sizes and types and configurations with efficiencies being a function of specific design, flow rate, pressure and speed. Typical design features of HPRT's are described for use in the R.O. System. Different schemes and equipment arrangements are available and require the use of steam turbines, motors, electric generators, clutches, and speed controls or a combination of the above for optimum results. Recommendation of the most economical equipment arrangement for the R.O. System is discussed. Head vs. capacity and BHP vs. capacity relationships are an essential criteria for selection and operation of HPRT's. An overview of the performance characteristics is illustrated. The conclusions will point to the use of reverse running pumps as hydraulic turbines for economical, reliable and efficient recovery of energy from the waste brine circuits of reverse osmosis system.