Application Of Calcium Chloride Research Articles

Water Sorption and Desorption of Isolated Cuticles From Three Woody Species With Focus on Ilex aquifolium.

The cuticle is a lipid-rich layer that protects aerial plant organs against multiple stress factors such as dehydration. In this study, cuticle composition and structure in relation to water loss are examined in a broad ecophysiological context, taking into consideration leaf age and side from Ilex aquifolium (holly) in comparison with Eucalyptus globulus (eucalypt) and Prunus laurocerasus (cherry laurel). Enzymatically isolated cuticular membranes from holly leaves were studied under three treatment conditions: natural (no chemical treatment), after dewaxing, and after methanolysis, and the rate of water loss was assessed. Structural and chemical changes were evaluated using different microscopy techniques and by Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy. The potential mechanisms of solute absorption by holly leaves were additionally evaluated, also testing if its prickly leaf margin may facilitate uptake. The results indicate that the treatment conditions led to structural changes, and that chemical composition was hardly affected because of the occurrence of cutan. Structural changes led to more hydrophilic adaxial surfaces, which retained more water and were more efficient than natural cuticles, while changes were not significant for abaxial surfaces. Across natural cuticles, age was a significant factor for eucalypt but not for holly. Young eucalypt cuticles were the group that absorbed more water and had the lowest water loss rate. When comparing older leaf cuticles of the three species, cherry laurel was found to absorb more water, which was, however, lost more slowly, compared with the other species. Evidence was gained that holly leaves can absorb foliar-applied solutes (traced after calcium chloride application) through the adaxial and abaxial surfaces, the adaxial mid veins, and to a lower extent, the spines. In conclusion, for the species examined, the results show variations in leaf cuticle composition and structure in relation to leaf ontogeny, and water sorption and desorption capacity.

Improvement in salt tolerance of Iris pseudacorus L. in constructed wetland by exogenous application of salicylic acid and calcium chloride

Wetland plants play a major role in the process of wastewater treatment in constructed wetlands (CWs). The inhibitory effect of salt stress on plants may reduce the performance of CWs. In this study, salicylic acid (SA) and/or calcium ion (Ca2+) were used for root pretreatment to alleviate the salt stress in Iris pseudacorus L. The results showed that root pretreatment with SA and/or Ca2+ improved the response of Iris pseudacorus L. to salinity by increasing growth, photosynthetic pigments, Pro content, enzymes activities and K+ content. In addition, SA and/or Ca2+ application in saline conditions decreased the relative conductivity and content of malondialdehyde. RNA-seq analysis showed the expression of hormone signaling genes, potassium ion transporter genes, oxidative stress genes and photosynthesis genes were up-regulated after pretreating with SA and CaCl2. In conclusion, the addition of SA and Ca2+ could improve the saline wastewater treatment efficiency of CWs by enhancing the salt tolerance of Iris pseudacorus L.

An Elastin Sensitized Murine Model of Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm

Existing murine models of abdominal aortic aneurysms (AAAs) include pressurized intraluminal infusion of elastase, subcutaneous injection of angiotensin II in the apolipoprotein E knockout background, and periaortic application of calcium chloride. However, none of these models duplicate the periadventitial inflammation that is T helper 17 (Th17) cell dominant and might be the obstacle in developing effective strategies to prevent AAA initiation and expansion. Our previous work has demonstrated that patients with AAA have elevated plasma levels of elastin fragments, anti-elastin antibodies, and significantly elevated levels of Th17 cells sensitized to elastin degradation products (EDPs), the sum of which suggests that AAA is the result of an autoimmune response targeting elastin in the aorta.

Immune checkpoint programmed death-1 mediates abdominal aortic aneurysm and pseudoaneurysm progression

PurposeThe causes and pathogenetic mechanisms underlying abdominal aortic aneurysms (AAAs) and pseudoaneurysms are not fully understood. We hypothesized that inhibiting programmed death-1 (PD-1) can decrease AAA and pseudoaneurysm formation in mouse and rat models. MethodsHuman AAA samples were examined in conjunction with an adventitial calcium chloride (CaCl2) application mouse model and an aortic patch angioplasty rat model. Single-dose PD-1 antibody (4 mg/kg) or BMS-1 (PD-1 inhibitor-1) (1 mg/kg) was administered by intraperitoneal (IP) or intraluminal injection. In the intramural injection group, PD-1 antibody was injected after CaCl2 incubation. The rats were divided into three groups: (1) the control group was only decellularized without other special treatment, (2) the PD-1 antibody-coated patch group, and (3) the BMS-1 coated patch group. Patches implanted in the rat abdominal aorta were harvested on day 14 after implantation and analyzed. ResultsImmunohistochemical analysis showed PD-1–positive cells, PD-1 and CD3, PD-1 and CD68, and PD-1 and α-actin co-expressed in the human AAA samples. Intraperitoneal (IP) injection or intraluminal injection of PD-1antibody/BMS-1 significantly inhibited AAA progression. PD-1 antibody and BMS-1 were each successfully conjugated to decellularized rat thoracic artery patches, respectively, by hyaluronic acid. Patches coated with either humanized PD-1 antibody or BMS-1 can also inhibit pseudoaneurysm progression and inflammatory cell infiltration. ConclusionPD-1 pathway inhibition may be a promising therapeutic strategy for inhibiting AAA and pseudoaneurysm progression.

Differences in Physicochemical Characters of Fresh-Cut Mango, Mangosteen and Rambutan Due to Calcium Chloride Application

The effect of the application of calcium chloride on the physicochemical changes of fresh-cut tropical fruits during storage processes was evaluated.

CaCl2 Solution Sprayed on Leaves Changes the Nutrition and Qualitative Properties of Pomegranate (Punica granatum L. cv. Hicaznar)

The purpose of this experiment was to define the influence of different doses of calcium chloride (CaCl2) applications on fruit yield, some quality properties, and nutrition of plant in Hicaznar pomegranate cultivar during 2016 and 2017 in Aydın (Turkey) ecological condition. In the study, 0.2, 0.4, 0.6, 0.8, and 1.0% solutions of calcium chloride (CaCl2) were applied by spraying except the control dose to the trees. The solution doses were twice applied during the fruit growing season in June and August. According to the results, fruit yield, peel thickness, fruit length, diameter, and weights were increased compared to control dose with CaCl2 applications. Foliar CaCl2 applications increased foliar Ca content by 60%. Concentrations of other plant nutrients other than N and Ca were decreased in parallel with increasing CaCl2 doses. Foliar P content was not affected in this case. As a result, the amount of CaCl2 solution to be applied to leaves in Hicaznar pomegranate was determined as 0.6%.

Pre-harvest Foliar Application of Calcium Chloride and Potassium Nitrate Influences Growth and Quality of Apricot (Prunus armeniaca L.) Fruit cv. ‘Shahroudi’

The rapid ripening and fruit size are two important factors, which significantly influence the economy and marketability of apricot. Generally, the postharvest quality of fresh crops depends on the quality achieved at harvest time, which is influenced considerably by pre-harvest factors. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate the effect of foliar application of calcium chloride and potassium nitrate on the physical and biochemical attributes of apricot fruit. We evaluated the effect of foliar sprays of 0.5% or 1% calcium chloride (CaCl2) and 1% or 2% potassium nitrate (KNO3) on the yield and at harvest quality of apricot fruits cv. ‘Shahroudi’ during the 2019 and 2020 growing seasons. The experiment was conducted in a commercial apricot orchard located in Birjand, Iran. The results indicated that twice foliar spray of both chemicals at the pre-harvest stage affected most of the evaluated traits in both years. KNO3 application at both concentrations significantly increased the length, width, and weight of apricot fruit and maintained total phenol content, vitamin C, and titratable acidity compared to the control. Interestingly, treated fruit with KNO3 solution at both concentrations increased fruit width (150%), fruit length (160%), and fresh fruit weight (180%), compared to the control. Besides, KNO3 (1% or 2%) and 1% CaCl2 treatments significantly increased fruit firmness (25%) and calcium content (35%) of fruit pulp compared to the control. Overall, the results suggest practical multiple practical application of both chemicals (particularly KNO3) at proper concentration and time during the growth season to improve the quality and increase the yield of apricot fruit ‘Shahroudi’ cultivar.

Vineyard calcium sprays reduce the damage of postharvest grape berries by stimulating enzymatic antioxidant activity and pathogen defense genes, despite inhibiting phenolic synthesis

Calcium supplements have been increasingly used for decay prevention, sanitation and nutritional enrichment of fruits, as more environmentally friendly alternatives to fungicides. However, little is known on the effects of these supplements on grape berry biochemical and molecular properties during storage. In this study, we addressed the hypothesis that the application of calcium chloride (CaCl2) in grapevines throughout the fruiting season reduces damage (and decay) of postharvest grape berries, through several biochemical and transcriptional modifications in sugar transport, secondary metabolism, antioxidant activity, cell wall organization and pathogen defense. Results showed that calcium (Ca) treatments in cv. “Vinhão” vines increased fruit Ca content and significantly decreased fruit damage by 60%, 10-d after storage at 4 °C. Grape berries from Ca-treated vines displayed lower levels of total phenolics and anthocyanins, compared to control fruits, corroborating the downregulation of PAL1 and STS which resulted in decreased non-enzymatic antioxidant capacity estimated by FRAP assay. In contrast, a strong upregulation of CAT1, ASPX1, ASPX3, GLPX1, CSD3 and CSD6 encoding antioxidant enzymes was observed. Accordingly, catalase enzyme activity was stimulated, significantly reducing hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) levels by 36%. The overexpression of the cell wall and pathogen defense genes PME, PGIP, PIN and PR1 likely contributed to the reduction in fruit rot. This work suggested that preharvest Ca treatment is an efficient agronomical strategy that prolongs the shelf life of grape berries through modifications at molecular and biochemical levels, bringing further insight on the benefits and drawbacks of preharvest Ca applications on postharvest fruit quality attributes.

Application of Calcium Chloride at Different Phenological Stages Alleviates Chilling Injury and Delays Climacteric Ripening in Peach Fruit during Low-Temperature Storage

ABSTRACT Owing to the high degree of perishability of the fruit, the peach industry faces serious challenges tackling physiological disorders, microbial/chemical decay, and the suboptimal quality of the fruit during and following cold storage. The present study was aimed to investigate the effects of spray applications of calcium chloride (CaCl2) at various physiological stages of fruit growth and development, on ripening, flesh softening, chilling injury (CI) and nutritional quality of peach fruit cv “Flordaking” during low-temperature storage. The aqueous solutions of CaCl2 [0, 1, 2, and 3% (w/v)] were sprayed on peach trees during cell division, pit hardening and cell expansion stages in 2011 and 2012. At commercial harvest, the fruit were hand-picked and were subjected to cold storage at 1 ± 1°C (RH: 90 ± 5%) for 6 weeks. The data on CI index and other quality characteristics of the fruit were recorded at harvest and then weekly for up to 6 weeks. The results showed that the pre-harvest spray application of CaCl2 substantially reduced the incidence of chilling injury (CI) and delayed climacteric ripening seemingly by lowering the rates of ethylene production and fruit softening during storage as compared to control, regardless the doses of CaCl2 and its application time, however higher doses of calcium chloride proved to be toxic causing blemishes on the surface of “Flordaking” peaches. In conclusion, pre-harvest spray application of CaCl2 @ 1% may be a successful production management tool to maintain the quality and to extend storability of peach fruit during cold storage.

Effect of prohexadione calcium and chlormequat chloride on growth, yield and fruit quality of pear under high density planting

The present experiment was conducted to evaluate the effect of plant bioregulators (PBRs) on vegetative growth, fruit yield and quality of quality of pear cv. Patharnakh trained on Y-trellis system. The foliar applications of prohexadione calcium (100, 200 and 400 ppm) and chlormequat chloride (250, 500 and 1000 ppm) was done on eight-years-old trees at 10 days after full bloom. The control trees were sprayed with water only. Observations on vegetative growth, fruit number/plant, fruit size, fruit quality and leaf nutrients were recorded. Reduction in pruning wood weight without any effect on return bloom was observed with different PBR treatments. Prohexadione calcium (400 ppm) was found most effective in reducing shoot number (70) and internodal length (4.18 cm). This treatment also increased fruit number (83 per tree), fruit size (8.04 cm × 7.51 cm), TSS content (12.33 °Brix), fruit frmness (62.94 N), and reducing sugars content (7.00%); however, the titratable acidity was not affected. As compared to control, fruit yield of pear tree was signifcantly improved (~35%) with the Pro-Ca 400 or 200 ppm treatments. Similarly, higher dose of chlormequat chloride (500 or 1000 ppm) signifcantly reduced the shoot number and intermodal length, and increased fruit yield as compared to control. The PBR treatments reduced the leaf nitrogen content but increased leaf phosphorus and potassium levels.

Profiling of Histone Modifications Reveals Epigenomic Dynamics During Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm Formation in Mouse Models.

Introduction: Abdominal aortic aneurysms (AAA) are characterized by localized inflammation, extracellular matrix degradation, and apoptosis of smooth muscle cells, which together lead to progressive and irreversible aortic dilation. Major risk factors for AAA include smoking and aging, both of which prominently alter gene expression via epigenetic mechanisms, including histone methylation (me) and acetylation (ac).However, little is known about epigenomic dynamics during AAA formation. Here, we profiled histone modification patterns in aortic tissues during AAA formation in two distinct mouse models; (1) angiotensin II (AngII) infusion in low density lipoprotein receptor (LDLR) knockout (KO) mice, and (2) calcium chloride (CaCl2) application in wild type mice.Methods and Results: AAA formed in both models, in conjunction with enhanced macrophage infiltration, elastin degradation and matrix metalloproteinases expression as evaluated by immunohistochemistry. To investigate the histone modification patterns during AAA formation, total histone proteins were extracted from AAA tissues, and histone H3 modifications were quantified using profiling kits. Intriguingly, we observed dynamic changes in histone H3 modifications of lysine (K) residues at different time points during AAA formation. In mature aneurysmal tissues at 3 weeks after AngII infusion, we detected reduced K4/K27/K36 monomethylation, K9 trimethylation K9, and K9/K56 acetylation (<70%), and increased K4 trimethylation (>130%). Conversely, in CaCl2-induced AAA, K4/K9/K27/K36/K79 monomethylation and K9/K18/K56 acetylation were reduced in AAA tissues, whereas K27 di-/tri-methylation and K14 acetylation were upregulated. Interestingly, K4/K27/K36 monomethylation, K9 trimethylation, and K9/K56 acetylation were commonly downregulated in both animal models, while no H3 modifications were uniformly upregulated. Western blot of AAA tissues confirmed markedly reduced levels of key H3 modifications, including H3K4me1, H3K9me3, and H3K56ac. Furthermore, pathway enrichment analysis using an integrative bioinformatics approach identified specific molecular pathways, including endocytosis, exon guidance and focal adhesion signaling, that may potentially be linked to these histone H3 modifications during AAA formation.Conclusions: Dynamic modifications of histone H3 occur during AAA formation in both animal models. We identified 6 discreet H3 modifications that are consistently downregulated in both models, suggesting a possible role in AAA pathobiology. Identifying the functional mechanisms may facilitate development of novel strategies for AAA prevention or treatment.

Effect of Light Intensity and Foliar Application of Calcium Chloride and Naphthalene Acetic Acid on Growth and Yield of Strawberry cv. Paros

Effect of Light Intensity and Foliar Application of Calcium Chloride and Naphthalene Acetic Acid on Growth and Yield of Strawberry cv. Paros

Effect of preharvest application of calcium chloride, putrescine, and salicylic acid on antioxidant system and biochemical changes of two Indian jujube genotypes.

The effects of the preharvest application of calcium chloride (1 and 2%), salicylic acid (1 and 2mM), and putrescine (1 and 2mM) on the quality attributes and biochemical changes of two ber (Ziziphus mauritiana Lamk.) genotypes ("Sibi" and "Khormaee") were investigated at harvest and after 30days of storage (5±1°C and 85±5% RH). The results showed that softening and weight loss in the treated fruit were significantly lower in comparison with the control. The antioxidant capacity of the fruit was higher in treated fruit than the control. Moreover, all the treatments significantly reduced the polyphenol oxidase (PPO) activity, increased the catalase (CAT) and peroxidase (POD) activities, and prevented the quick color change of ber fruit. The best overall visual quality (OVQ) was observed in the fruit treated with calcium chloride (1.5%) and putrescine (2mM). Compared to the two genotypes, "Khormaee" showed a better appearance, relative to the "Sibi" genotypes. PRACTICAL APPLICATIONS: Ber (Ziziphus mauritiana Lamk.) fruit is a popular fruit which is cultivated widely in the tropical and subtropical countries of the world, due to its high nutritional value. It is rich in bioactive compounds and minerals. However, Indian jujube as a climacteric fruit is highly perishable and have a limited shelf life due to softening, browning, and shrinking. So that, the researchers still need more challenge to keep the quality of this fruit for consumers. In this study, the results showed that the preharvest application of calcium chloride (1.5%), putrescine (2mM), and salicylic acid (2mM) effectively kept the total quality of the Indian jujube fruit during storage by improving the firmness of the fruit, retarding the color change and browning, increasing the antioxidant enzymes such as; CAT and POD, and preserving the higher ascorbic acid. Therefore, these treatments can be useful to maintain the quality of Indian jujube during storage.

Effects of Electrical Conductivity, pH, and Foliar Application of Calcium Chloride on Yield and Tipburn of Lactuca sativa Grown Using the Nutrient–Film Technique

Yield reduction resulting from high temperatures and tipburn are common issues during the summer for hydroponically grown lettuce using the nutrient–film technique (NFT). We investigated the yield and degree of tipburn of lettuce ‘Red Butter’, ‘Green Butter’, and ‘Red Oakleaf’ of the Salanova® series under different-solution electrical conductivity (EC) and pH levels. We also quantified the effect of foliar spray application of calcium chloride (CaCl2) on the yield and degree of tipburn using the lettuce cultivar Green Butter. For the EC experiment, the plants were grown at four EC levels (1.4, 1.6, 1.8, or 2.0 mS·cm–1) and a constant pH of 5.8. For the pH experiment, the plants were grown at and four pH levels (5.8, 6.0, 6.2, or 6.4) and a constant EC of 1.8 mS·cm–1. For the foliar spray experiment, CaCl2 was applied 1 week after transplanting into NFT channels at three different concentrations: 0, 200, 400, or 800 mg·L calcium (Ca). During the EC trial, the maximum yields were observed at or more than 1.8 mS·cm–1 for ‘Green Butter’ (263 ± 14 g/head) and ‘Red Butter’ (202 ± 8 g), and more than 1.6 mS·cm–1 for ‘Red Oakleaf’ (183 ± 6 g). The yield of ‘Green Butter’ was 75 g less at 1.4 mS·cm–1 compared with 1.8 mS·cm–1. Tipburn symptoms were less at 1.4 mS·cm–1 for ‘Green Butter’ whereas other cultivars were not highly susceptible. In pH trials, the maximum yield for all cultivars was found at pH 6.0 and 6.2. There were no differences in tipburn symptoms among all pH levels. The foliar spray treatment, twice a week at 400 or 800 mg·L–1 Ca, provided improved tipburn control, as the tipburn symptoms were minimal and the impact on yield was minor compared with reducing EC. This series of experiments found evidence in proper EC and pH management for optimum yield and tipburn control in NFT lettuce grown in summer conditions.

Abstract MP154: Deletion of the Duffy Antigen Receptor for Chemokines (DARC) Confers Protection Against Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm (AAA) Formation

Introduction: Abdominal aortic aneurysms (AAA) are characterized by inflammation and matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-mediated degradation of extra cellular matrix proteins leading to aortic dilation and potentially rupture. Inflammatory chemokines that promote AAA are modulated by binding to the Duffy antigen receptor for chemokines (DARC), a non-signaling receptor expressed primarily on erythrocytes. Interestingly, African Americans exhibit reduced frequency of AAA, and the majority of African descendent individuals do not express DARC on their erythrocytes. Here, we tested the hypothesis that DARC gene deletion protects against the development of AAA. Methods: The induction of AAA was performed using both angiotensin II (AngII) infusion and calcium chloride (CaCl 2 ) application models. Eight week old LDLR knockout (KO, control) and LDLR KO/DARC KO mice were infused with AngII via osmotic mini-pumps for four weeks. For the CaCl 2 application model, twelve week old DARC KO and WT control mice underwent laparotomy and 0.5 mol/L CaCl 2 was applied to the infrarenal aorta. Aortic dilation and AAA formation was assessed using ultrasound, mice were then euthanized and tissues were harvested for analysis. Results: The aortic diameter of LDLR KO/DARC KO mice was significantly lower relative to control mice after AngII infusion (P=0.02). There was no difference in the pressor response to AngII between groups. Furthermore, IL-6 levels were significantly reduced in the aortas of LDLR KO/DARC KO mice compared to control mice (P=0.001). Expression of MCP-1, which has strong affinity for DARC, tended to be higher in aortas from LDLR KO/DARC KO mice compared to control (P=0.063). In contrast, plasma IL-6 levels were similar in both LDLR KO/DARC KO and control mice, while MCP-1 tended to be lower in the plasma of LDLR KO/DARC KO (P=0.07). DARC KO mice likewise exhibited a trend toward reduced aortic dilation in the CaCl 2 application model compared to controls (P=0.09). Conclusions: DARC KO mice are protected against AAA formation, perhaps through differential regulation of aortic chemokine trafficking. Understanding the mechanisms by which loss of DARC confers protection from AAA formation may be relevant to ethnic differences in susceptibility to AAA.

Influence of pre-harvest treatments of paclobutrazol and calcium chloride on biochemical and sensory attributes of mango cv. Amrapali

A field experiment was conducted during 2017-18 to study the influence of pre-harvest application of paclobutrazol and calcium chloride on biochemical and sensory attributes of mango cv. Amarapali. The experiment was laid out in a completely randomized design (CRD) with twelve treatments and three repetitions. Paclobutrazol and CaCl2 were sprayed at 75 days after full bloom and 15 days before harvest, respectively on 10 years old mango orchard planted at 2.5 m × 2.5 m spacing. Paclobutrazol at 100 mg/l with CaCl2 at 1.5 per cent significantly increased TSS (20.70 °B), total sugar (17.65%), reducing sugar (7.16%), ascorbic acid (41.08 mg/100 g), total carotenoids (0.99 mg/100 g) and phenol (86.53 mg/100 g) of mango cv. Amrapali. The same treatment significantly reduced titratable acidity (0.13%) of mango cv. Amarapali fruits.

Effects of calcium application on the yields of flavonoids and saponins in Panax notoginseng under cadmium stress

ABSTRACT Under different concentrations of cadmium treatments (Cd2+ concentration: 0, 0.6, 6.0, 12.0 mg/kg, prepared with CdCl2•2.5H2O), pot experiments were conducted to study the application of two calcium-containing substances (Ca2+ concentration: 0, 180, 360 mg/kg, prepared with calcium chloride CaCl2 and lime Ca(OH)2) on the yields of flavonoids and saponins of P. notoginseng. The results showed that the application of calcium chloride and lime could increase the biomass of the main root of P. notoginseng and significantly reduce the cadmium contents. Under 0 and 0.6 mg/kg cadmium treatment, the cadmium content in the main root of P. notoginseng did not exceed the standard value (Cd≤0.5 mg/kg1, GB/T 19086–2008). Under 0.6 mg/kg cadmium treatment, the application of calcium chloride increased the yield of flavonoids in the main root of P. notoginseng. The yield of flavonoids in the main root of P. notoginseng decreased under the treatment of 360 mg/kg Ca2+ lime and 0.6 mg/kg Cd2+. Under the treatments of 6.0 mg/kg and 12.0 mg/kg cadmium stress, calcium chloride and lime reduced the yield of flavonoids in P. notoginseng by 14.2%-35.2%. There was a significant positive logarithmic function correlation between flavonoid yield and ratio of Ca/Cd treatment concentration (P < 0.05). Under the treatment of 0.6 mg/kg Cd2+ with 180 mg/kg Ca2+ (calcium chloride), yields of Rg1, Rb1 and total saponins of P. notoginseng reached the highest and were increased by 114.9%, 323.0% and 172.4%, respectively, compared with no calcium chloride treatment. Under different Cd treatment levels and lime application, the yields of Rg1, Rb1 and total saponins of P. notoginseng decreased and the yield of R1 remained relatively stable. Under a certain concentration of cadmium treatment, appropriate calcium chloride and lime application could increase or maintain the biomass, saponin and flavonoid yields of the main root of P. notoginseng. Yields of R1, Rg1, Rb1 and SPN were influenced due to interaction of Cd2+ and Ca2+. In order to ensure the cadmium content of P. notoginseng less than the standard value and optimal yields of flavonoids and saponins, it could be recommended to apply calcium chloride or lime 1125 kg/hm (180 mg/kg Ca2+) under 0.6 mg/kg Cd2+ treatment.

Effect of foliar application of calcium chloride on yield and quality of apple varieties

Effect of foliar application of calcium chloride on yield and quality of apple varieties

Improving the nutritional value and extending shelf life of red guava by adding calcium chloride

The high nutritional value of guavas is much appreciated and valued by consumers but extending the shelf life of these fruits is one of the most crucial factors to increase their commercialization. The present study aimed to evaluate the effects of the pre-harvest application of calcium chloride (0, 0.5, 1.0, 1.5, and 2%) on guava fruits and to evaluate the quality characteristics of the fruits during storage (0, 2, 4, and 6 days). The results showed that the pre-harvest sprays of 1.0% CaCl2 led to an increase in the levels of calcium in the fruits (0.82 g kg−1). The application of 1.0% CaCl2 also promoted 40% increase in ascorbic acid content after harvest (196.5 mg 100 g−1). The lowest weight loss and rot incidence occurred at 1.0% CaCl2. In addition, there was a decrease in the action of pectinmethylesterase and polygalacturonase in storage. Thus, the pre-harvest application of 1.0% CaCl2 in the red guava can preserve the quality of the fruit and increase the nutritional value.

Avaliação pós-colheita de tangerinas ‘Dekopon’ submetidas a aplicação de cloreto de cálcio em pré-colheita

As tangerinas têm apresentado grande aumento na produção devido a adoção de diversos tratos culturais, potencializando a redução de perdas e a comercialização. No entanto, faz-se necessários estudos que possam manter a qualidade pós-colheita e incremento no campo. Portanto, objetivou-se com o presente trabalho avaliar física e quimicamente os frutos de tangerina variedade ‘Dekopon’, analisando a influência da aplicação de cloreto de cálcio em 100, 200, 300, 400% da dosagem recomendada, além do controle. As amostras dos frutos foram colhidas em pomar experimental no município de Anápolis-GO e as análises foram realizadas no laboratório da EMATER-GO. O experimento foi realizado em Delineamento Inteiramente Casualizado (DIC) composto por cinco doses de cloreto de cálcio, três repetições durante quatro semanas de avaliação (0, 7, 14 e 21 dias), respectivamente, sendo as variáveis avaliadas submetidas a análise de regressão polinomial em função das semanas. Foram avaliados: massa fresca dos frutos, coloração, sólidos solúveis, acidez titulável e textura. Os dados obtidos foram submetidos a análise de regressão por meio de um teste F no nível de probabilidade de 5%, para medir o significado do modelo proposto. Conclui-se que o uso do cloreto de cálcio, não atuou de forma positiva na manutenção pós-colheita da qualidade dos frutos, no entanto, pode-se destacar que foram observadas características desejáveis com frutos maiores e manutenção da cor para aplicações de 100 e 200% da dosagem recomendada durante 21 dias de avaliação.