Application Of Bacterial Preparations Research Articles

Application of mineral fertilizers and bacterial preparations under sunflower on ordinary chernozem

The results of field experiments to study the effect of mineral fertilizers and bacterial preparations on the yield and quality of sunflower seeds are presented. The studies were carried out in 2011–2014 in the Rostov region on medium-power ordinary chernozem. The object of research was a hybrid of sunflower Patriot. The predecessor is winter wheat. Ammonium nitrate, ammophos and potassium chloride in various doses were used as mineral fertilizers, according to the experimental scheme. Fertilizers were introduced before sowing, before the main tillage and pre-sowing cultivation. Bacterial preparations were represented by associative nitrogen fixers of the strains Mizorin, Flavobacterin, PG-5 and 17-1 produced by the All-Russian Scientific Research Institute of Agricultural Medicine, Pushkin. In the field experiment, variants of the joint application of mineral fertilizers and presowing treatment of seeds with bacterial preparations were also studied. The control was the variant without the application of mineral fertilizers and bacterial preparations. The Patriot sunflower hybrid seed yield in the control variant on average for 3 years amounted to 1.61 t/ha. A significant increase in the yield of sunflower seeds and oil gathering was established in the variant with pre-sowing application of mineral fertilizers in a dose of N40P50. The increase compared to the control variant was 0.53 t/ha, or 34.2%, and in the oil gathering in the crop - 226 kg/ha, or 36.4%. The application of biologics of associative nitrogen fixers contributed to an increase in the yield of sunflower seeds. Inoculation of sunflower seeds with a strain of the biological preparation PG-5 was more effective. The increase in the yield of sunflower seeds amounted to 0.44 t/ha, or 28.6% compared to the variant without the application of fertilizers. The increase in the oil gathering in the crop was by 29.3%. The application of bacterial preparations under sunflower against a background of nitrogen-phosphorus fertilizers was ineffective.

Efficiency Growing of Alfalfa Depending on Systems Fertilizer and Application of Bacterial Preparations

Наведено енергетичну та економічну оцінку застосування біопрепарату № 1 на основі штаму S. Meliloti Т-17 та біопрепарату № 2 на основі виробничого штаму 425 А під час вирощування люцерни за різних умов мінерального живлення. Встановлено, що найвищі показники виходу обмінної енергії та коефіцієнта енергетичної ефективності отримано на неудобрених ділянках. Це можна пояснити високою урожайністю люцерни на цих ділянках, оскільки передпосівне оброблення насіння бактеріальними препаратами дає змогу істотно посилити процеси азотфіксації, що в подальшому призводить до підвищення її урожайності і відповідно виходу обмінної енергії. Внесення мінеральних добрив, особливо азотних, знижувало ефективність застосування бактеріальних препаратів. Доведено, що оброблення мікробними біопрепаратами насіння люцерни перед посівом є економічно виправданим, оскільки затрати на її проведення є невисокими (до 30-35 грн/га), тоді як прибуток від їхнього застосування за більшості варіантів досліду становив понад 400-500 грн/га. З'ясовано, що для збільшення виходу обмінної енергії та здешевлення отриманої рослинницької продукції під час посіву люцерни доцільно проводити передпосівну інокуляцію насіння бактеріальним препаратом № 1 на основі штаму S. Meliloti Т-17.

АЗОТФИКСАЦИЯ И ИНТЕНСИВНОСТЬ ФОТОСИНТЕЗА В ЛЮПИНО-ЯЧМЕННОМ АГРОЦЕНОЗЕ

The intensity of photosynthesis was estimated in mixed lupine-cereals sowing, including the seed treatment by nodule bacteria and associative microorganisms. It was established, that the photosynthesis intensity in legumes-cereals heterogeneous agrocenosis is higher, than it is in homospecific sowing. After seed inoculation by nodule and associative rhizobacteria in mixed lupine-barley sowing the photosynthesis intensity increases also. The chlorophyll content in barley leaves increased to 1.6-fold their values without application of bacterial preparations. In mixed sowing the nitrogen part, absorbed by barley from lupine roots, is more 25 % from total nitrogen volume, obtained by cereal crop.

Mobilization of Phosphorus, Potassium and Silicon in the Greenhouse Ground at Application of Bacterial Preparations

The investigation of P, K and Si mobilization dynamics in greenhouse ground with the application of selective microorganisms and diatomite was the purpose of this work. The substrate for laboratory research was ground (peat and perlite mixture-PP), diatomite (D) and bacterial preparations, which were introduced into the ground. Four bacteria isolated of environment places: from soils—Bacillus macerans and Bacillus circulans and from surface of sand—Bacillus circulans 2 and Corynebacterium sp. have been applied as a basis of bacterial preparations. Experiment included 10 variants: two grounds (PP and PPD) and 8 variants with treating ground of each of four bacterial preparations. The results showed that the content of water-soluble elements forms in a ground with microorganisms after 56 days has increased: P and K—in 10 times, Si—in 3 times. It proved efficiency of bacterial cultures in the mobilization of these elements. The most active microorganisms were those that have been isolated from surface of sand (Corynebacterium sp. and Bacillus circulans 2). The mixture of ground and diatomite showed the best efficiency. The best ground microbes' community was investigated using chemo diagnostic method gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. It has been shown that the content of Acetobacterium sp. (the culture capable to formation of acetic acid in an anaerobic metabolism), had increased to the end of composting period in 10 times and the number of Bacillus sp.—as minimum in 100 times.

The effect of combined and separate inoculation of alfalfa plants with Azospirillum lipoferum and Sinorhizobium meliloti on denitrification and nitrogen-fixing activities

The effects of associative nitrogen fixer Azospirillum lipoferum strain 137 and root nodule bacteria Sinorhizobium meliloti after combined and separate inoculation of alfalfa seedlings on the background of mineral nitrogen applied at various times were studied. It was demonstrated that exudates of the alfalfa seedlings with the first pair of cotyledonary leaves already provide a high activity of these bacteria in the rhizosphere. To 74.6% of the introduced nitrate was transformed into N2O when the binary preparation of these bacteria was used. In an extended experiment (30 days), an active reduction of nitrates to N2O (11 micromol N2O/pot x 24 h) with inhibition of nitrogen fixation was observed in all of the experimental variants during the formation of legume-rhizobial and associative symbioses and simultaneous introduction of nitrates and bacteria. The most active enzyme fixation was observed in the case of a late (after 14 days) application of nitrates in the variants with both separate inoculations and inoculation with the binary preparation of A. lipoferum and S. meliloti. Separation in time of the application of bacterial preparations and mineral nitrogen assisted its preservation in all of the experimental variants. The variant of alfalfa inoculation with the binary preparation of A. lipoferum and S. meliloti and application of nitrates 2 weeks after inoculation was optimal for active nitrogen fixation (224.7 C2H4 nmol/flask x 24 h) and low denitrification activity (1.8 x micromol N2O/flask x 24 h). These results are useful in applied developments aimed at the use of bacterial and mineral fertilizers for leguminous plants.