Adaptive Applications Research Articles

Adaptive Gamification in Science Education: An Analysis of the Impact of Implementation and Adapted Game Elements on Students’ Motivation

In recent years, gamification has captured the attention of researchers and educators, particularly in science education, where students often express negative emotions. Gamification methods aim to motivate learners to participate in learning by incorporating intrinsic and extrinsic motivational factors. However, the effectiveness of gamification has yielded varying outcomes, prompting researchers to explore adaptive gamification as an alternative approach. Nevertheless, there needs to be more research on adaptive gamification approaches, particularly concerning motivation, which is the primary objective of gamification. In this study, we developed and tested an adaptive gamification environment based on specific motivational and psychological frameworks. This environment incorporated adaptive criteria, learning strategies, gaming elements, and all crucial aspects of science education for six classes of third-grade students in primary school. We employed a quantitative approach to gain insights into the motivational impact on students and their perception of the adaptive gamification application. We aimed to understand how each game element experienced by students influenced their motivation. Based on our findings, students were more motivated to learn science when using an adaptive gamification environment. Additionally, the adaptation process was largely successful, as students generally liked the game elements integrated into their lessons, indicating the effectiveness of the multidimensional framework employed in enhancing students’ experiences and engagement.

Strategi Resiliensi Usaha Jasa Co-Working Space Terhadap Krisis Di Kawasan Pariwisata Canggu, Kecamatan Kuta Utara

This research was conducted to analyze the resilience strategy of the co-working space business in the Canggu Tourism Area against a crisis. Meanwhile, to analyze the data in this study used the four-function adaptive cycle concept application. The data used in this study is qualitative data obtained from primary and secondary data sources. Data collection techniques in this study consisted of interviews, observation, literature study, and documentation. The results showed that there were two stages in the four-function adaptive cycle that were not passed by co-working space business in the Canggu Tourism Area during the crisis, namely the growth phase and the conservation phase. Meanwhile, two other stages, namely the release phase and the reorganization phase, were passed during the crisis. The results show that during the release phase there were various problems that arose, starting from a lack of capacity, prices that were too high, as well as member safety and comfort. Meanwhile, in the reorganizing phase, the resilience of the co-working space comes from member loyalty which is built from various means, such as listening to members complaints and providing the best service that create word of mouth from the member itself.
 Keywords: Resilience Strategy, Co-working Space, Digital Nomadism, Digital Nomad

The Concept of Authoritarian Leadership in Madrasah Tsanawiyah (MTs) Al-Hakim Sukabumi

The purpose of this research is to analyze the concept of authoritarian leadership style at Mts Al-Hakim Sukabumi. This type of research is a case study of research in the field using primary data sources obtained through direct interviews. In addition, data was obtained through literature study using secondary data sources which were summarized and collected from laws, websites, books, e-books and other sources that were highly relevant to the research problem discussed. The data of this research were analyzed qualitatively and interactively, starting from data collection, reduction, presentation, and drawing conclusions. The results of this study illustrate that the concept of leadership style at Mts Al-Hakim Sukabumi is divided into 4 types, namely intimidation, reflection, adaptation, and reaction. The recommendation of this research is that the principal is expected to have a more appropriate and adaptive application of his leadership style. Furthermore, for other researchers, it is suggested to expand the research by including other literature or other methods based on leadership style to further explore what concepts and factors are related to the principal's leadership style.

AN ENHANCED SOFTWARE AS A SERVICE (SAAS) ARCHITECTURAL MODEL FOR CLOUD BASED SECURITY USING HYBRID SYMMETRIC ALGORITHM

Protecting cloud data from security breaches, preventing and ensuring safe cloud data is concealed from unauthorized access or infiltration by unwanted users are all part of cloud infrastructure security. This proposed technique is based on ensuring data confidentiality by adding extra-layer of security from the client side, developing a framework that implements the AES 256-bit key and Fernet 128-bits algorithms, which encrypt and decrypt files via random algorithm selection during uploads and downloads. When a file is uploaded to the cloud, the decryption key is recorded in the local server's file log. The software use randomized algorithm selection to provide security to ensure that an attacker having a prior link cannot reset the user account since the attacker cannot guess the token. Furthermore, invalidating this token ensures that the link cannot be used more than once if it was previously logged anywhere. To propose and verify the efficiency of the model the results generated(in quantitative values) are frequency (monobit) testing, with a minimum bit size of 64, given the P-values derived from the above study (i.e., 0.8838, 0.6187, 0.3768, 0.2817, 0.5843, 0.4167). The findings reveal throughput for encryption of 0.91531 and for decryption of 0.4854, space complexity of 0.4854, and entropy of 7.942616667.This research work studies the design of a robust, adaptable, and non-deterministic SaaS application that can be secure for enterprises and subsequent research studies will be conducted in the development.

Using imagination in response to stress and uncertainty in the time of COVID-19: further validation of the Fantastic Reality Ability Measurement (FRAME) Scale.

Fantastic reality ability (FRA) is defined as the capacity to use imagination in response to stress or trauma. With the emergence of COVID-19 and associated social restrictions, there has been an uptick in imagination use as a coping strategy. This has allowed us to further validate the Fantastic Reality Ability Measurement (FRAME) Scale at this time of stress and uncertainty. Initial exploratory factor analyses (EFA) suggested that FRAME responses are measured by four first-order factors. Using confirmatory factor analyses (CFA), this study set out to confirm this finding and to ascertain if: First-order factors are correlated; or map onto a second or higher-order, fantastic reality ability latent construct. Also, FRAME responses are compared to established scales to demonstrate concurrent and discriminant validity. In accord with previous research and theory, CFA results indicate that each four factors (coping, control, transcendence, playfulness), contribute significantly to the measurement of a higher-order FRA latent construct (N = 437 Israeli adults). We also report robust correlations between FRAME and measures of resiliency and imagination abilities of complexity, directedness and frequency. Both adaptive and maladaptive applications of imagination use in relation to stress are discussed with focus on those who could foster resiliency. The FRAME enables one to briefly measure imagination use in response to stress and could serve as part of questionnaire batteries measuring individual differences and clinical research. Future research should assess the stability of this instrument across different populations over extended periods, specifically those at risk for trauma.

A Solution Procedure to Improve 3D Solid Finite Element Analysis with an Enrichment Scheme

This paper presents a novel and efficient solution procedure to improve 3D solid finite element analysis with an enrichment scheme. To this end, we employ finite elements enriched by polynomial cover functions, which can expand their solution space without requiring mesh refinement or additional nodes. To facilitate this solution procedure, an error estimation method and cover function selection scheme for 3D solid finite element analysis are developed. This enables the identification of nodes with suboptimal solution accuracy, allowing for the adaptive application of cover functions in a systematic and efficient manner. Furthermore, a significant advantage of this procedure is its consistency, achieved by excluding arbitrary coefficients from the formulations employed. The effectiveness of the proposed procedure is demonstrated through several numerical examples. In the majority of the examples, it is observed that the stress prediction error is reduced by more than half after applying the proposed procedure.

Practical and Adaptable Applications of Goal Programming: A Literature Review

Practical and Adaptable Applications of Goal Programming: A Literature Review

Ephemeral occupancies: Non-linear approach to adaptable architecture

Abstract When dealing with the daily demands of a sustainable approach in architecture and the rapid development of society, we must accept change and time as an integral part of a building system. An adaptable approach understands architecture as a non-linear process which enables a dynamic response to changing environmental and contextual conditions with the aim to extend the life of a building. The application of adaptability is as ambivalent as the term itself. Therefore, the paper opens a discussion on different perceptions of adaptability in architecture. Adaptability cannot be only understood as moving partitions or vast open spaces. There is a variety of different principles leading to adaptability that can prove the versatility of use - from the basic understanding of flexibility to comprehensive polyvalence. The paper discusses the relationship between capacity and tendency of an architectural space and its components. The discussed relationship is based on actual and virtual properties of an object and their finiteness of interpretation. The paper focuses on non-linear strategies such as a narrative, feed-back and interpretation that could be applied to design to achieve adaptability as part of the proposed strategy called ephemeral occupancies. The manifold of strategies is discussed, and the result of the conceptual analysis is a framework distinguishing non-linear strategy supporting the divergence of capacity and tendency in the context of adaptability.

Sophisticated deep learning with on-chip optical diffractive tensor processing

Ever-growing deep-learning technologies are making revolutionary changes for modern life. However, conventional computing architectures are designed to process sequential and digital programs but are burdened with performing massive parallel and adaptive deep-learning applications. Photonic integrated circuits provide an efficient approach to mitigate bandwidth limitations and the power-wall brought on by its electronic counterparts, showing great potential in ultrafast and energy-free high-performance computation. Here, we propose an optical computing architecture enabled by on-chip diffraction to implement convolutional acceleration, termed “optical convolution unit” (OCU). We demonstrate that any real-valued convolution kernels can be exploited by the OCU with a prominent computational throughput boosting via the concept of structral reparameterization. With the OCU as the fundamental unit, we build an optical convolutional neural network (oCNN) to implement two popular deep learning tasks: classification and regression. For classification, Fashion Modified National Institute of Standards and Technology (Fashion-MNIST) and Canadian Institute for Advanced Research (CIFAR-4) data sets are tested with accuracies of 91.63% and 86.25%, respectively. For regression, we build an optical denoising convolutional neural network to handle Gaussian noise in gray-scale images with noise level σ=10, 15, and 20, resulting in clean images with an average peak signal-to-noise ratio (PSNR) of 31.70, 29.39, and 27.72 dB, respectively. The proposed OCU presents remarkable performance of low energy consumption and high information density due to its fully passive nature and compact footprint, providing a parallel while lightweight solution for future compute-in-memory architecture to handle high dimensional tensors in deep learning.

Complete Genome Analysis of Subtercola sp. PAMC28395: Genomic Insights into Its Potential Role for Cold Adaptation and Biotechnological Applications.

This study reports the complete genome sequence of Subtercola sp. PAMC28395, a strain isolated from cryoconite in Uganda. This strain possesses several active carbohydrate-active enzyme (CAZyme) genes involved in glycogen and trehalose metabolism. Additionally, two specific genes associated with α-galactosidase (GH36) and bacterial alpha-1,2-mannosidase (GH92) were identified in this strain. The presence of these genes indicates the likelihood that they can be expressed, enabling the strain to break down specific polysaccharides derived from plants or the shells of nearby crabs. The authors performed a comparative analysis of CAZyme patterns and biosynthetic gene clusters (BGCs) in several Subtercola strains and provided annotations describing the unique characteristics of these strains. The comparative analysis of BGCs revealed that four strains, including PAMC28395, have oligosaccharide BGCs, and we confirmed that the pentose phosphate pathway was configured perfectly in the genome of PAMC28395, which may be associated with adaptation to low temperatures. Additionally, all strains contained antibiotic resistance genes, indicating a complex self-resistance system. These results suggest that PAMC28395 can adapt quickly to the cold environment and produce energy autonomously. This study provides valuable information on novel functional enzymes, particularly CAZymes, that operate at low temperatures and can be used for biotechnological applications and fundamental research purposes.

Massively parallel numerical simulation of 3D shock wave propagation based on JASMIN framework

An efficient massively parallel computing program for shock wave propagation named Shock3d is developed for shock wave damage mechanism in complex scenes. With the finite volume method, the program is built upon JASMIN (J parallel Adaptive Structured Mesh applications INfrastructure) and employs a component-based hierarchical organization structure. Using the patch-based core algorithm, Shock3d enables high parallel efficiency and strong parallel scalability with a parallel domain decomposition method and an image domain-based communication mode. It not only considers gravity, real gas effects, and boundaries in complex scenes, but also supports dynamic load balancing (DLB) and three-dimensional structured meshes and allows the parallel solution of hundreds of millions of mesh problems. Typical examples were used to verify the validity, parallelism, and high-resolution simulation results of the program developed. In the scalability test, where the propagation of shock waves through hundreds of millions of mesh elements was simulated on 300,000 CPU cores, the program delivered parallel efficiency of 60.84%.

Statistical Analysis and Applications of Adaptive Progressively Type-II Hybrid Poisson–Exponential Censored Data

A new two-parameter extended exponential lifetime distribution with an increasing failure rate called the Poisson–exponential (PE) model was explored. In the reliability experiments, an adaptive progressively Type-II hybrid censoring strategy is presented to improve the statistical analysis efficiency and reduce the entire test duration on a life-testing experiment. To benefit from this mechanism, this paper sought to infer the unknown parameters, as well as the reliability and failure rate function of the PE distribution using both the likelihood and product of spacings estimation procedures as a conventional view. For each unknown parameter, from both classical approaches, an approximate confidence interval based on Fisher’s information was also created. Additionally, in the Bayesian paradigm, the given classical approaches were extended to Bayes’ continuous theorem to develop the Bayes (or credible interval) estimates of the same unknown quantities. Employing the squared error loss, the Bayesian inference was developed based on independent gamma assumptions. Because of the complex nature of the posterior density, the Markov chain with the Monte Carlo methodology was used to obtain data from the whole conditional distributions and, therefore, evaluate the acquired Bayes point/interval estimates. Via extensive numerical comparisons, the performance of the estimates provided was evaluated with respect to various criteria. Among different competing progressive mechanisms, using four optimality criteria, the best censoring was suggested. Two real chemical engineering datasets were also analyzed to highlight the applicability of the acquired point and interval estimators in an actual practical scenario.

Peningkatan Literasi Dan Numerasi Melalui Pelaksanaan Kampus Mengajar Angkatan Ke-4 Di SMP Swasta Yapena ’45 Medan

The teaching campus program is one of the independent learning independent campus (MBKM) programs in the form of collaborative activities between students and target schools in teaching and developing literacy, numeracy, school administration and technology adaptation skills. This program is implemented in several elementary schools (SD) and junior high schools (SMP) throughout Indonesia, one of which is Yapena'45 Private Middle School in Medan. In this program, students are assigned to assist the school in learning, school administration, and technology adaptation, as well as improving students' literacy and numeracy skills with the programs that have been prepared. The research method used is the participation method by directly involving students in the Yapena'45 private junior high school environment. After making observations, the results of the analysis show that students are still less motivated in learning, especially literacy and numeracy. In addition, the application of technology adaptation in schools is still not related to learning, so it is necessary to help develop several programs to improve students' literacy and numeracy abilities, as well as technology adaptation.

Luminescent transparent wood from a woody cellulosic template treated with an optical brightener

AbstractTransparent wood (TW) has attracted tremendous research interest due to its numerous adaptive features and applications as a sustainable material. The present study unveils a novel and simple method of preparing luminescent transparent wood (LTW) with good optical properties and UV‐blocking nature. LTW was prepared by pre‐treatment of lignin‐modified wood (LMW) with a commercial fabric brightener/optical brightener (Ranipal®) prior to polymer infiltration. The resultant LTW showed unique bluish photoluminescence upon UV light irradiation. Under normal light illumination, the LTW exhibited a brilliant bright/white appearance compared to untreated TW samples. LTW fabricated using 1 mm thick silver oak wood veneer exhibited high transparency (82%) and high haze (90%) with enhanced UV blocking property. The novel LTW fabrication method using a readily available and low‐cost fabric brightener has significantly reduced the overall process complexity of LTW preparation. The treatment with optical brightener had no adverse effect on the material quality. The fabricated LTW with good optical features can be an excellent bio‐based input material to the multifunctional smart material category.

Adaptive phase-field modelling of fracture propagation in poroelastic media using the scaled boundary finite element method

A scaled boundary finite element-based phase field formulation is proposed to model two-dimensional fracture in saturated poroelastic media. The mechanical response of the poroelastic media is simulated following Biot’s theory, and the fracture surface evolution is modelled according to the phase field formulation. To avoid the application of fine uniform meshes that are constrained by the element size requirement when adopting phase field models, an adaptive refinement strategy based on quadtree meshes is adopted. The unique advantage of the scaled boundary finite element method is conducive to the application of quadtree adaptivity, as it can be directly formulated on quadtree meshes without the need for any special treatment of hanging nodes. Efficient computation is achieved by exploiting the unique patterns of the quadtree cells. An appropriate scaling is applied to the relevant matrices and vectors according the physical size of the cells in the mesh during the simulations. This avoids repetitive calculations of cells with the same configurations. The proposed model is validated using a benchmark with a known analytical solution. Numerical examples of hydraulic fractures driven by the injected fluid in cracks are modelled to illustrate the capabilities of the proposed model in handling crack propagation problems involving complex geometries.

Performance Assessment in a “Lane Departure” Scenario of Impending Collision for an ADAS Logic Based on Injury Risk Minimisation

The current prioritisation of road safety enhancement in the automotive sector is leading toward the near future implementation of Advanced Driver Assistance Systems (ADASs), aiming at the simultaneous intervention of braking and steering for impact avoidance in case of an impending collision. However, it is partially unclear how new technologies for controlling the steering will actually behave in the case of inevitable collision states; the need consequently emerges to propose and tune efficient ADAS strategies to handle the complexity of critical road scenarios. An adaptive intervention logic on braking and steering for highly automated vehicles is applied in the context of a “lane departure”, two-vehicle critical road scenario; the ADAS implementing the logic activates to minimise the injury risk for the ego vehicle’s occupants at each time step, adapting to the eventual scenario evolution consequent to actions by other road users. The performance of the adaptive logic is investigated by a software-in-the-loop approach, varying the mutual position of the involved vehicles at the beginning of the criticality and comparing the injury risk outcomes of the eventual impacts with those connected to the Autonomous Emergency Braking (AEB). The results highlight a twofold benefit from the adaptive logic application in terms of road safety: (1) it decreases the frequency of impacts compared to the AEB function; (2) in inevitable collision states, it decreases injury risk for the vehicles’ occupants down to 40% compared to the AEB. This latter condition is achieved thanks to the possibility of reaching highly eccentric impact conditions (low impact forces and occupants’ injury risk as a consequence). The obtained highlights expand the literature regarding the adaptive logic by considering a diverse critical road scenario and investigating how fine variations on the vehicles’ mutual position at the beginning of the criticality reflect on the injury outcomes for different types of intervention logic.

Adaptation across the Lifespan: Towards a Processual Evolutionary Explanation of Human Development

This paper argues that the project of a lifespan perspective in developmental psychology has not yet been systematically pursued. Overall, the number of age-specific papers far outweighs the number of lifespan approaches, and even approaches that focus on the lifespan as a whole are often restricted to adulthood. Further, there is a lack of approaches that examine cross-lifespan relationships. However, the lifespan perspective has brought with it a "processual turn" that suggests an examination of developmental regulatory processes that are either operative across the lifespan or develop across the lifespan. Accommodative adjustment of goals and evaluations in response to obstacles, loss, and threat is discussed as an example of such a process. Not only is it prototypical of efficacy and change of developmental regulation across the lifespan, but at the same time it makes clear that stability (e.g., of the self)—as a possible outcome of accommodation—is not an alternative to, but a variant of development. Explaining how accommodative adaptation changes, in turn, requires a broader perspective. For this purpose, an evolutionary approach to developmental psychology is proposed that not only views human development as a product of phylogenesis, but also applies the central concepts of the theory of evolution (adaptation and history) directly to ontogeny. The challenges, conditions, and limitations of such a theoretical application of adaptation to human development are discussed.

Hyperelastic Modeling and Validation of Hybrid-Actuated Soft Robot with Pressure-Stiffening.

Soft robots have gained popularity, especially in intraluminal applications, because their soft bodies make them safer for surgical interventions than flexures with rigid backbones. This study investigates a pressure-regulating stiffness tendon-driven soft robot and provides a continuum mechanics model for it towards using that in adaptive stiffness applications. To this end, first, a central single-chamber pneumatic and tri-tendon-driven soft robot was designed and fabricated. Afterward, the classic Cosserat's rod model was adopted and augmented with the hyperelastic material model. The model was then formulated as a boundary-value problem and was solved using the shooting method. To identify the pressure-stiffening effect, a parameter-identification problem was formulated to identify the relationship between the flexural rigidity of the soft robot and internal pressure. The flexural rigidity of the robot at various pressures was optimized to match theoretical deformation and experiments. The theoretical findings of arbitrary pressures were then compared with the experiment for validation. The internal chamber pressure was in the range of 0 to 40 kPa and the tendon tensions were in the range of 0 to 3 N. The theoretical and experimental findings were in fair agreement for tip displacement with a maximum error of 6.40% of the flexure's length.

Ecotoxicological parameters of the application of biopesticides, development and adaptation of biological systems of apple protection against pests and diseases to the soil-climatic and phytosanitary conditions of the agrocenose

Goal. Ecotoxicological and economic substantiation of the biological system of apple protection against pests and diseases, its optimization and adaptation to the weather and climatic conditions and the phytosanitary state of apple agrocenosis in the Precarpathian province of the Carpathian mountain zone of Ukraine in order to reduce crop losses and improving its quality.
 Methods. Phytosanitary monitoring was performed visually and using pheromone traps. The degree of hazard of pesticides was assessed by an integrated 7-point scale, the risk — by agroecotoxicological index (AETI).
 Results. Based on the monitoring of the phytosanitary state of the apple agrocenosis in 2015—2017, scientific and methodological parameters of ecologically safe and cost-effective protection systems for apple trees adapted to the soil and climatic conditions of the Precarpathian province of the Carpathian mountain zone of Ukraine were developed: biological and biological-chemical. They are based on 7 treatments with biological or chemical and biological preparations, carried out in the phenophases of culture critical for the development of harmful organisms. The efficiency of the biological system against harmful organisms was in the range of 65.7—72.8%, the biological-chemical system — 66.4—96.5%. It is shown that replacing a number of chemical treatments with biological ones allows to minimize the negative impact of pesticides on the apple agrocenosis.
 Conclusions. A model of ecologically safe protection of an apple orchard against a complex of harmful organisms has been developed. It is shown that the modern assortment of biological protection means makes it possible to develop a system that provides effective protection of the apple orchard against a complex of diseases and pests. Calculations showed that the system of biological and chemical protection was more effective in terms of profitability during the years of research (71.4—127.23%). The profit obtained from the use of this system was from 49 898.9 to 107 586.4 UAH/ha.

How to Train Your Posture: Haptic Feedback Can be Used for Postural Adaptation of the Trunk During Upper-Limb Motor Training.

Poor trunk posture, especially during long periods of sitting, could lead to problems such as Low Back Pain (LBP) and Forward Head Posture (FHP). Typical solutions are based on visual or vibration-based feedback. However, these systems could lead to feedback being ignored by the user and phantom vibration syndrome, respectively. In this study, we propose using haptic feedback for postural adaptation. In this two-part study, twenty-four healthy participants (age 25.87 ± 2.17 years) adapted to three different postural targets in the anterior direction while performing a unimanual reaching task using a robotic device. Results suggest a strong adaptation to the desired postural targets. Mean anterior trunk bending after the intervention is significantly different compared to baseline measurements for all postural targets. Additional analysis of movement straightness and smoothness indicates an absence of any negative interference of posture-based feedback on the performance of reaching movement. Taken together, these results suggest that haptic feedback-based systems could be used for postural adaptation applications. Also, this type of postural adaptation system can be used during the rehabilitation of stroke patients to reduce trunk compensation in lieu of typical physical constraint-based methods.