Applicable Method Research Articles

Arsenic and Zinc Accumulation in Zinc-Biofortified Wheat under Arsenic-Contaminated Irrigation and Varied Zinc Application Methods

Arsenic and Zinc Accumulation in Zinc-Biofortified Wheat under Arsenic-Contaminated Irrigation and Varied Zinc Application Methods

Method for layout optimization of coastal cage aquaculture systems in Southeast Asia

This paper presents the development of a generally applicable method for the layout optimization of coastal cage aquaculture systems in Southeast Asia. The method combines data from the authors’ spatial-planning methodology with results of water quality modelling and an optimization technique based on genetic algorithms. This study successfully demonstrates the method's effectiveness for a target aquaculture site in northwest Bali, Indonesia. Optimum siting and sizes of fish farms to maximize fish production and promote fish growth while securing environmental sustainability are delivered for the site in Bali. The results of the application for several fish farming sizes show that by proper fish farming layout, environmentally sustainable fish production on the western channel of the site in Bali could rise tremendously with respect to the current operating conditions. Fish farm clusters with 256 cages are found to be best suited to the western channel. The method has broad applicability, can be upscaled to new sites, and can be used to assess, expand, and optimize currently operating sites.

A bacteria-based index of biotic integrity indicates aquatic ecosystem restoration

Intensive ecological interventions have been carried out in highly polluted shallow lakes to improve their environments and restore their ecosystems. However, certain treatments, such as dredging polluted sediment and stocking fish, can impact the aquatic communities, including benthos and fishes. These impacts can alter the composition and characteristics of aquatic communities, which makes community-based ecological assessments challenging. Here we develop a bacteria-based index of biotic integrity (IBI) that can clearly indicate the restoration of aquatic ecosystems with minimal artificial interventions. We applied this method to a restored shallow lake during 3-year intensive ecological interventions. The interventions reduced nutrients and heavy metals by 27.1% and 16.7% in the sediment, while the total organic carbon (TOC) increased by 8.0% due to the proliferation of macrophytes. Additionally, the abundance of sulfur-related metabolic pathways decreased by 10.5% as the responses to improved ecosystem. The score of bacteria-based IBI, which is calculated based on the diversity, composition, and function of benthic bacterial communities, increased from 0.62 in 2018 to 0.81 in 2021. Our study not only provides an applicable method for aquatic ecological assessment under intensive artificial interventions but also extends the application of IBI to complex application scenarios, such as ecosystems with significantly different aquatic communities and comparisons between different basins.

Application Methods of Qing Dynasty Cloud Shoulders in Modern Women's Fashion

Application Methods of Qing Dynasty Cloud Shoulders in Modern Women's Fashion

Development of bioinsecticide based on Streptomyces griseoflavus PAL114 for control of black bean aphids Aphis fabae

ABSTRACT This research highlights the efficiency of a bioinsecticide based on Streptomyces griseoflavus PAL114 in controlling black bean aphids and its effect on fava beans. Three actinobacterial strains were tested in vitro for their aphicidal activity. The PAL114 strain was then formulated in talc powder and tested again. Formulation processes were performed with four spore suspension densities (102, 104, 106 and 108 spore ml−1) at a rate of 25 ml per 100 g of talc powder. Furthermore, the in vivo effect of bioinsecticide on fava bean plants was studied in pot experiments using two application methods: spray and spray + soil amendment. The results showed that only the PAL114 strain had a highly significant effect on mortality (p = .001). Their high-density formulations at 106 and 108 spore ml−1 induced very highly significant activity (p < .001) for both, with no influence difference exceeding 90% after 58 h. In contrast, the other low-density formulations at 102 and 104 spore ml−1 had no significant effect (p = .322 and p = 1.000, respectively). There was no adverse effect of the bioinsecticide on fava bean; instead, there was an improvement in growth, especially when the spray application was combined with soil amendment. The present study opens up prospects for field studies on the biocontrol of this crop pest.

PLATELET RİCH PLASMA RESULTS IN THE TREATMENT OF FEMUR HEAD AVASCULAR NECROSIS

Purpose: It has been observed that the number of patients with hip avascular necrosis who applied to our clinic after Covid-19 and steroid treatment in Covid-19 treatment has increased. It is emphasized in the literature that core decompression therapy is effective in early stage femoral head avascular necrosis. Core It has been emphasized in many publications that the results of intraoperative platelet- rich plasma (PRP) application after decompression are effective. However, intraoperative The method of application of platelet- rich plasma (PRP) and its effectiveness in the post-Covid-19 period are not emphasized enough in the literature. The aim of this study is to evaluate the effect of local platelet-rich plasma (PRP) administered using the new technique after core decompression to patients diagnosed with avascular necrosis. Materials and methods: Local platelet- rich plasma (PRP) was applied to 15 hips diagnosed with femoral head avascular necrosis after core decompression with a new technique. Early results of the patients were evaluated with Ficat and Harris hip scores. Results: An improvement was detected in the early clinical and Magnetic resonance (MR) findings of a total of 15 hip avascular necrosis patients . Local treatment in patients with avascular necrosis with a medical history of Covid-19 The feasibility of PRP was demonstrated. Conclusion: This study shows the importance of the intraoperative application method of platelet- rich plasma (PRP) and that platelet- rich plasma (PRP) can also be applied to Covid-19 patients. But we believe long-term results are needed.

Application Methods of Compost and Vermicompost for Suppressing Damping off Disease (Rhizoctonia solani) in Tomato Seedling

Application Methods of Compost and Vermicompost for Suppressing Damping off Disease (Rhizoctonia solani) in Tomato Seedling

Keragaman Arthropoda pada Teknologi Bujangseta di Tanaman Jeruk Siam

Bujangseta is a technology used throughout the year to produce citrus fruits. This technology has economically succeeded in increasing the income of citrus farmers by 23.5%. Sustainable management of bujangseta technology is neede, one of which is maintaining the sustainability of the agroecosystem. A stable agroecosystem ensures the availability of ecosystem services through nutrient cycling and the natural control of pest and disease populations. The stability of agroecosystems is coherent with the high biodiversity of arthropods. This study aims to evaluate the effect of applying the citrus plant bujangseta in Karangwidoro village and Krajan village, Dau District, Malang Regency, East Java, from June to December 2022. The two application methods were light trapping (lighttrap) and pit trap (pitfall glass), and the results were analyzed using a t-test. The diversity index, species richness index, species evenness index, and dominance index were calculated. The results showed that the detrivores of the Collembola group dominated the diversity of arthropods, the primary pest of the Diaphorina citri, and the predatory arthropods of Paederus sp. and Braconidae. Diversity and community structure of arthopods indicated there at significant differences in diversity, dominance, evenness, and species richness in those two locations. Bujangseta in the Krajan has a higher community structure compared to the Karangwidoro, showing that the ecosystem at the Krajan location is better preserved. Keywords: arthropods, bujangseta, citrus, community structure

National Greenhouse Gas Emission Reduction Potential from Adopting Anaerobic Digestion on Large-Scale Dairy Farms in the United States.

Waste-to-energy systems can provide a functional demonstration of the economic and environmental benefits of circularity, innovation, and reimagining existing systems. This study offers a robust quantification of the greenhouse gas (GHG) emission reduction potential of the adoption of anaerobic digestion (AD) technology on applicable large-scale dairy farms in the contiguous United States. GHG reduction estimates were developed through a robust life cycle modeling framework paired with sensitivity and uncertainty analyses. Twenty dairy configurations were modeled to capture important differences in housing and manure management practices, applicable AD technologies, regional climates, storage cleanout schedules, and methods of land application. Monte Carlo results for the 90% confidence interval illustrate the potential for AD adoption to reduce GHG emissions from the large-scale dairy industry by 2.45-3.52 MMT of CO2-eq per year considering biogas use only in renewable natural gas programs and as much as 4.53-6.46 MMT of CO2-eq per year with combined heat and power as an additional biogas use case. At the farm level, AD technology may reduce GHG emissions from manure management systems by 58.1-79.8% depending on the region. Discussion focuses on regional differences in GHG emissions from manure management strategies and the challenges and opportunities surrounding AD adoption.

Modern Methods of Creation and Application of Powder Ferritic/Martensitic ODS Steels

Modern Methods of Creation and Application of Powder Ferritic/Martensitic ODS Steels

Fast Determination of Fat-soluble Vitamins in Pharmaceutical Preparations by High-Performance Liquid Chromatography

Background: Vitamins are needed for the healthy functioning of the body. When these vitamins are not in sufficient amounts in the body, they are usually taken externally with pharmaceutical preparations. Taking vitamins into the body in the right amounts is possible by analyzing the amounts in pharmaceutical preparations with validated methods. Methods: In this study, a fast, simple, easily applicable, and selective normal-phase HPLC method was developed for the simultaneous determination of fat-soluble A, D3, E, and K1 vitamins in pharmaceutical preparations from syrup and tablets. Separation of the vitamins was carried out on a Zorbax CN column (250 x 4.6 mm, 5 µm) using a mixture of hexane-isopropyl alcohol (98:2, v/v) at 30°C column temperature and 1 ml/min flow rate. The detection wavelength is 280 nm. The developed method has been validated according to ICH Harmonised Tripartite Guideline Validation of Analytical Procedures: Text and Methodology Q2(R1) rules. Results: Calibration graphs are linear over the range of 10-1000 µg ml-1 , 1-50 µg ml-1 , 10-2000 µg ml-1 , 0.5-20 µg ml-1, and the limit of detection values were found to be 1.496, 0.280, 1.388 and 0.040 µg ml-1 for A, D3, E and K1 vitamins, respectively. Relative standard deviation values, which express within-day and between-day repeatability, were found below 2.54%. Average recovery values were also found at about 100.28, 101.46, 100.65, and 100.29% for A, D3, E, and K1 vitamins, respectively Conclusion: The developed and validated method was successfully applied to the simultaneous analysis of fat-soluble vitamins A, D3, E, and K1 in pharmaceutical preparations in syrup and tablet form.

Occurrence and management of the emerging pathogen Epicoccum sorghinum.

Epicoccum sorghinum is a notorious fungal pathogen that causes leaf spot symptoms on a wide range of plants, leading to devastating losses in crop production and quality. Here, all reports regarding the occurrence and management of E. sorghinum are covered for the first time. E. sorghinum has been detected in tropical and subtropical climate areas during the rainy season, mainly from March to August, since 2016. Although E. sorghinum shows broad host spectrum, the disease incidence is especially notorious in cereal crops and ornamental plants, suggesting that these plants are especially susceptible. Control methods based on synthetic fungicides, plant extracts, and microbial biocontrol agents have been reported. However, most agents were applied using only in vitro conditions, restricting the information about their actual applicability in field conditions. Additionally, E. sorghinum can colonize cereal grains and synthesize the carcinogenic mycotoxin tenuazonic acid, posing an enormous hazard for human health. Furthermore, although E. sorghinum is an emerging pathogen that is currently causing yield penalties in important crops, there is lack of information about its pathogenic mechanisms and virulence factors, and there is currently no commercial antifungal agent to manage E. sorghinum. Collectively, it is imperative to conduct in vivo studies to determine the efficacy of antifungal agents and the most effective methods of application in order to develop suitable management strategies against E. sorghinum.

A generalized protein identification method for novel and diverse sequencing technologies.

Protein sequencing is a rapidly evolving field with much progress towards the realization of a new generation of protein sequencers. The early devices, however, may not be able to reliably discriminate all 20 amino acids, resulting in a partial, noisy and possibly error-prone signature of a protein. Rather than achieving de novo sequencing, these devices may aim to identify target proteins by comparing such signatures to databases of known proteins. However, there are no broadly applicable methods for this identification problem. Here, we devise a hidden Markov model method to study the generalized problem of protein identification from noisy signature data. Based on a hypothetical sequencing device that can simulate several novel technologies, we show that on the human protein database (N = 20181) our method has a good performance under many different operating conditions such as various levels of signal resolvability, different numbers of discriminated amino acids, sequence fragments, and insertion and deletion error rates. Our results demonstrate the possibility of protein identification with high accuracy on many early experimental devices. We anticipate our method to be applicable for a wide range of protein sequencing devices in the future.

Microbial agents for the control of ticks Rhipicephalus microplus.

Ticks are ectoparasites responsible for the transmission of various pathogens to vertebrates. They represent one of the major threats to livestock production worldwide due to their impact on the health, production and welfare of livestock destined for human consumption. The development of resistance to the main families of ixodicides used for their control has led to the search for new alternatives, where microbial control is an option. The use of microbial control agents against the tick Rhipicephalus microplus is reviewed in this paper. Bacteria such as Bacillus thuringiensis, Serratia marcescens and Staphylococcus spp. the nematodes Steinernema spp. and Heterorhabditis spp. as well as the fungi Metarhizium anisopliae and Beauveria bassiana are the most studied organisms for use as biological control agents against ticks. Laboratory, stable and field trials with free-living and parasitised ticks have shown that microbial agents can control both susceptible and ixodicide-resistant tick populations. However, multidisciplinary studies using novel tools like genomics, transcriptomics and proteomics should be carried out to understand the virulence factors which microbial agents use to induce pathogenesis and virulence in ticks. In addition, applied research will be carried out with the aim of improving techniques for large-scale application, as well as the improvement of cultivation, storage, formulation and application methods.

Meta-analysis of nanomaterials and plants interaction under salinity stress.

Salinity stress threatens global food security, requiring novel and sustainable approaches for its mitigation. Over the past decade, nanomaterials (NMs) have emerged as a promising tool to mitigate salinity stress in plants. However, their use has been questioned in terms of whether they really benefit plants or are phytotoxic. Here, we specifically ask whether NMs can help ameliorate plant salinity stress. We use a multivariate meta-analysis of 495 experiments from 70 publications to assess how NMs interact with plants under salinity stress, with a focus on plant biomass accumulation and yield. We also analyzed the influence of NM type, dosage, application method, plant species and families, and growth media on the NM-plant interaction under salinity stress. We demonstrate that NMs enhance plant performance and mitigate salinity stress when applied at lower dosages. However, NMs are phytotoxic at higher dosages and may worsen salinity stress. Also, plant responses to NMs vary across plant species, families, and NM types. We propose a dose-dependent hypothesis to account for the effect of NMs on plant growth under salinity stress and highlight the knowledge gaps and research needs in this field.

Use and Effectiveness of Innovative Virtual Reality Application in Teaching Fetal Development: A Randomized Controlled Trial.

Virtual reality-based training is effective. It is increasingly used by multiple disciplines to develop observation and critical skills, including engineering, education, arts, and health. This study was conducted to determine the effectiveness of the application created with Fetal Development Application Created by Virtual Reality Technology, which was developed to teach fetal development. The study was conducted in a single-blind, randomized fashion. Undergraduate midwifery students who took normal pregnancy lessons and learned fetal development were included. Eighty-four students were included in the experimental (n = 42) and control (n = 42) groups. Before the training, a personal information form and a pretest were applied to both groups. After the pretest, the experimental group received Fetal Development Application Created by Virtual Reality Technology, and the control group received 2 hours of theory training. Posttest was applied to both groups 6 weeks after the application. Preintervention scores were similar for the two groups. The posttest score of the experimental group was statistically significant compared with that of the control group ( P < .05). The mean cognitive load score of the experimental group was 1.09 ± 0.29, and the application did not create a cognitive load. The innovative application of Fetal Development Application Created by Virtual Reality Technology is an effective and applicable method in teaching fetal development in midwifery education.

Study on rotary bending fatigue performance of TC4 lattice structure fabricated by selective laser melting

Prediction of the fatigue performance of lattice structures in additive manufacturing still lacks widely applicable methods. To address this issue, we investigated the effect of a BCC lattice structure combined with thin walls and ribs on the fatigue performance of TC4 alloy samples. The lattice-structured samples were fabricated by selective laser melting. In addition, we proposed a prediction model of fatigue performance that combined ABAQUS finite element analysis with FE-safe fatigue analysis. The simulation and experimental results verified the reliability of the model. Based on this method, the effects of lattice and ribbed plate structures on the bending fatigue performance were investigated. The experimental results showed that the stress concentration generated by lattice structures weakened the fatigue performance. On the contrary, ribbed plates can enhance fatigue performance, which also depends on the orientation of the rib structure. The simulation results showed that increasing the volume fraction of unit cells can mitigate the stress concentration, leading to improved fatigue performance. The lattice structure combined with the rib structure exhibited superior fatigue performance. In addition, the proposed models can also be applied to other metallic materials. The findings in this study can provide a theoretical basis for the design of lattice structures with better fatigue performance.

Comparative Analysis of the Mass Spectra of Mycobacterium abscessus Complex Strains Isolated on Various Nutrient Media.

Mycobacterium abscessus complex (MABSc) causes chronic infection in patients with concomitant structural changes in the respiratory tract, which is especially important for patients with cystic fibrosis. To isolate an MABSc culture from clinical material, a variety of nutrient media are used. For species determination of microorganisms isolated on these media, additional identification methods are used, for example, polymerase chain reaction, sequencing, or mass spectrometry. The latter method is relatively easy to implement but requires improvement, due to the identification inaccuracy of nontuberculosis mycobacterias in general. Consequently, a set of nutrient media may be important for subsequent identification by mass spectrometry. The study was conducted on 64 strains of MABSc representatives: 56 strains were obtained from patients with cystic fibrosis and 8 strains from patients with pulmonary pathology unrelated to cystic fibrosis. The obtained MABSc strains were transplanted to the universal chromogenic medium and the selective medium for the Burkholderia cepacia complex (BCC) isolation. Species identification was carried out by mass spectrometry based on matrix-activated laser time-of-flight desorption/ionization (MALDI-ToF MS). Microbial identification is based on a comparison of the obtained mass spectra with reference spectra from the database. Microorganisms were identified based on the coincidence degree (Score value). Sample preparation for microbial identification by mass spectrometry was carried out by an extended direct application method. Fragments of the rpoB and hsp65 genes with lengths of 752 bp and 441 bp, respectively, were used as molecular markers for subspecific identification of MABSc strains. A comparison of the peaks obtained after mass spectrometry of MABSc strains isolated on the studied nutrient media showed significant differences between these indicators selective medium for the BCC isolation with the supplement of iron polymaltose hydroxide (III) and universal chromogenic medium (P < 0.001) and selective medium for the BCC isolation with universal chromogenic medium (P < 0.001). Twenty-five strains of MABSc representatives were sequenced: results of subspecies determination in strains isolated on the universal chromogenic medium coincided with the results sequencing in 13 (86.6%) strains out of 15. MALDI-ToF mass spectrometry allows microbial identification in a short time and with minimal cost, but it does not yet allow the proper identification of the subspecies of certain microbial groups, such as MABSc. Cultivation methods need optimization and new approaches to the extraction process of the bacterial protein fraction.

Research on the Training and Application Methods of a Lightweight Agricultural Domain-Specific Large Language Model Supporting Mandarin Chinese and Uyghur

In the field of Natural Language Processing (NLP), the lack of support for minority languages, especially Uyghur, the scarcity of Uyghur language corpora in the agricultural domain, and the lightweight nature of large language models remain prominent issues. This study proposes a method for constructing a bilingual (Uyghur and Chinese) lightweight specialized large language model for the agricultural domain. By utilizing a mixed training approach of Uyghur and Chinese, we extracted Chinese corpus text from agricultural-themed books in PDF format using OCR (Optical Character Recognition) technology, converted the Chinese text corpus into a Uyghur corpus using a rapid translation API, and constructed a bilingual mixed vocabulary. We applied the parameterized Transformer model algorithm to train the model for the agricultural domain in both Chinese and Uyghur. Furthermore, we introduced a context detection and fail-safe mechanism for the generated text. The constructed model possesses the ability to support bilingual reasoning in Uyghur and Chinese in the agricultural domain, with higher accuracy and a smaller size that requires less hardware. It (our work) addresses issues such as the scarcity of Uyghur corpora in the agricultural domain, mixed word segmentation and word vector modeling in Uyghur for widespread agricultural languages, model lightweighting and deployment, and the fragmentation of non-relevant texts during knowledge extraction from small-scale corpora. The lightweight design of the model reduces hardware requirements, facilitating deployment in resource-constrained environments. This advancement promotes agricultural intelligence, aids in the development of specific applications and minority languages (such as agriculture and Uyghur), and contributes to rural revitalization.

카페 공간 디자인의 자연친화적 요소 분석

Modern people tend to seek emotional stability by introducing natural elements such as plants into living spaces to escape from the stuffy environment of the city. In particular, the cafe space is a place that people can easily access in their daily lives, and various cases in which nature-friendly elements are applied can be found. Therefore, this study aims to analyze the introduction and status of nature-friendly elements in the cafe space, and analyzed nature-friendly elements based on the criteria derived through prior research targeting 12 cafes with a nature-friendly concept. As a result of the study, nature-friendly elements with decorative and aesthetic effects were introduced in most cafe spaces. These elements were mainly expressed directly in structural elements and furniture elements using natural materials and colors, and plants were also used directly. The introduction of nature-friendly elements is expanding in scale with the changes of the times, and the application methods are also diversifying. In the future, it is expected that nature-friendly elements will be strategically applied to the design in various spaces to provide satisfaction to users.