Application Of Traditional Medicine Research Articles

First Report of Aspergillus tubingensis Causing Leaf Spot on Pogostemon cablin in China

Patchouli (Pogostemon cablin (Blanco) Benth) is an important medicinal and aromatic plant widely cultivated in China, India, and other Southeast Asian countries. It is renowned for its diverse applications in traditional medicine and its detoxification, antibacterial, anti-inflammatory, and other pharmacological properties (Wu et al. 2016; Fang et al. 2022). In May 2023, a severe leaf spot disease was observed on Pogostemon cablin plants grown in most plantations in Yulin, Guangxi, China (22°26′N; 109°83′E), with over 50% incidence rate. Symptoms began as small, circular, brown spots on leaves, enlarging with yellow halos. Lesions expanded into irregular shapes with necrotic centers. Advanced stages showed extensive yellowing, browning, and leaf senescence. A total of 20 symptomatic plants were sampled from 5 different locations within the detected area, with 4 plants sampled per location. To isolate the pathogen, 20 affected leaves were collected from these plants and preliminarily washed with sterile distilled water (SDW). Five small tissue pieces (5×5 mm) were excised from the lesion edge of each leaf, surface-disinfected with 75% ethanol and 1% NaClO, rinsed thrice with SDW, and placed on potato dextrose agar (PDA) at 28 °C in darkness for 7 days. Out of these, 18 plants (90%) yield fungal isolate with recurrent and similar morphological characteristics. Four representative isolates (X5-1-1, X5-1-3, X5-1-5, and X5-1-7) were selected for further analysis. On PDA, colonies were initially white, gradually turning black on the surface, with light yellow on the reverse side of the plate. Conidia were brown to black, globose, rough-walled, and 2.6 to 5.2 µm in diameter. Conidial heads were brown-black, and conidiophores were smooth and hyaline. Morphological characteristics matched those of Aspergillus sp. (Guo et al. 2017). For molecular identification, the internal transcribed spacer (ITS) region and the β-tubulin (TUB) gene of all four isolates were sequenced (Lim et al. 2019). All four isolates (X5-1-1, X5-1-3, X5-1-5, and X5-1-7) showed consistent morphological characteristics and 100% identical ITS and TUB sequences. Representative sequences from isolate X5-1-5 were submitted to GenBank (ITS: PP789632; TUB: PP798205). The obtained ITS and TUB sequences showed 99% similarity to Aspergillus tubingensis (ITS: OP737633; TUB: MG991377). Based on morphological and molecular analyses, the fungus was identified as A. tubingensis (Palmer et al. 2019). For pathogenicity tests, a spore suspension (1 × 10^6 conidia/mL) was prepared from 7-day-old cultures of A. tubingensis grown on PDA. The suspension was sprayed onto leaves of 10 healthy Pogostemon cablin plants until runoff. Control plants were sprayed with SDW. All plants were kept in a controlled greenhouse (12/12h light/dark, 25 ± 2 °C, 90% humidity). After 7 d, symptoms identical to those observed in the field developed on all pathogen inoculated plants, while control plants remained asymptomatic. The fungus was successfully re-isolated from infected leaves in three successive trials, fulfilling Koch's postulates. Notably, A. tubingensis has previously been reported causing field diseases on strawberry in California, Jatropha curcas and Helleborus species in China (Palmer et al. 2019; Guo et al. 2017, Liaquat et al. 2019), and vine canker on table grape in Italy (Vitale et al. 2012). To our knowledge, this is the first report of A. tubingensis causing leaf spot on Pogostemon cablin in China. This finding provides a foundation for further investigate into the biology, epidemiology, and management of this disease.

Genotype-specific responses to in vitro drought stress in myrtle (Myrtus communis L.): integrating machine learning techniques.

Myrtle (Myrtus communis L.), native to the Mediterranean region of Türkiye, is a valuable plant with applications in traditional medicine, pharmaceuticals, and culinary practices. Understanding how myrtle responds to water stress is essential for sustainable cultivation as climate change exacerbates drought conditions. This study investigated the performance of selected myrtle genotypes under in vitro drought stress by employing tissue culture techniques, rooting trials, and acclimatization processes. Genotypes were tested under varying polyethylene glycol (PEG) concentrations (1%, 2%, 4%, and 6%). Machine learning (ML) algorithms, including Gaussian process (GP), support vector machine (SVM), Random Forest (RF), and Extreme Gradient Boosting (XGBoost), were utilized to model and predict micropropagation and rooting efficiency. The research revealed a genotype-dependent response to drought stress. Black-fruited genotypes exhibited higher micropropagation rates compared to white-fruited ones under stress conditions. The application of ML models successfully predicted micropropagation and rooting efficiency, providing insights into genotype performance. The findings suggest that selecting drought-tolerant genotypes is crucial for enhancing myrtle cultivation. The results underscore the importance of genotype selection and optimization of cultivation practices to address climate change impacts. Future research should explore the molecular mechanisms of stress responses to refine breeding strategies and improve resilience in myrtle and similar economically important crops.

Stability Indicating HPTLC Method for Estimation of Cubebin in Crude Drug and Marketed Formulations

Background: Cubebin is a naturally occurring lactone lignan isolated from the plant species Piper cubeba. It exhibits a range of biological activities, including anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial, and anticancer properties. This compound has garnered significant interest for its potential therapeutic applications in traditional and modern medicine. Aim: This study aimed to develop a novel stability-indicating High-Performance Thin Layer Chromatography (HPTLC) technique that is simple yet precise in estimating cubebin in crude drug and marketed formulations. Method: Cubebin was estimated using precoated TLC silica gel 60 F254 plate as a stationary phase and n-hexane: ethyl acetate: formic acid: methanol (6:3.5:0.5:0.3 v/v/v/v) as a mobile phase with the chamber saturation time of 20 mins. Key Findings: Cubebin was detected and quantified at the wavelength of 283nm. The Rf value of cubebin in standard solution, Piper cubeba extract, Dhanwantari Vati, and Khadiradi Vati was found to be 0.494±0.0015, 0.492±0.002, 0.490±0.0020, 0.499±0.001 respectively. The calibration curve exhibited linearity within the range of 3000-13000 ng per band with a correlation coefficient (r2) of Cubebin was 0.9968. The method developed was utilized for the quantitation of cubebin in Piper cubeba and both the marketed formulations. Conclusion: A novel HPTLC method was developed and validated in accordance to ICH guidelines for the analysis of cubebin in crude drug and marketed formulations. The method was found to be simple, precise, accurate, and specific. This method is suitable for quality control and stability testing of cubebin-containing formulations.

Dammarane-type Saponins from the Leaves of Vietnamese Ginseng (Panax vietnamensis Ha & Grushv.) and Their Acetylcholinesterase Inhibition In Vitro and In Silico.

Vietnamese ginseng (Panax vietnamensis Ha & Grushv.) represents one of the famous Panax spp. for valuable applications in both traditional and modern medicine; in which, its rhizome part has mainly been used as the medicinal materials based on the bioactive ginsenosides such as ginsenoside Rb1, ginsenoside Rg1, ginsenoside Rd, and majonoside R2. In modern medicine, the development of medicinal materials and utilization of medicinal plants are crucially based on standard bioactive ingredients, so this study to evaluate the leaves of Vietnamese ginseng as source of bioactive ginsenoside led to the identification of seven ginsenosides (1-7). Of them, ginsenoside Rd (2) and pseudoginsenoside RS1 (5) showed inhibitory effects on acetylcholinesterase in vitro with the IC50 values of 47.13 and 79.58 µM and supported by molecular docking analysis, in which ginsenoside Rd (2) and pseudoginsenoside RS1 (5) could play as allosteric inhibitors with high binding affinity (-8.5 and -9.4 kcal/mol) as evidenced by hydrogen bonding and hydrophobic interactions. The findings provided the scientific evidence for using the leaves of Vietnamese ginseng as an alternative source to the roots to enhance memory in traditional medicine as well as for further research on the anti-dementia effects of 2 and 5.

Non-clinical safety evaluation of Yongdamsagan-tang water extract: A 13-week subchronic oral toxicity study in Sprague Dawley rats.

Despite the continued clinical application of traditional herbal medicines, scientific evidence such as toxicological safety profile of Yongdamsagan-tang water extract (YSTW) has not yet been established. The purpose of this study was to investigate the potential toxicity profile of YSTW following a 13-week repeated oral administration at various concentrations to Sprague Dawley rats. YSTW was administered orally to rats once daily at doses of 0, 1000, 2000, and 5000 mg/kg bw/day for 13 weeks. During the experimental period, there were no significant toxicological changes related to YSTW treatment. These results indicate that the administration of YSTW for 13 weeks in the rat resulted in no signs of toxicity at up to 5000 mg/kg bw/day, which was considered the no-observed-adverse-effect level.

The complete chloroplast genome of Erodium cicutarium (Linnaeus) l’ Héritier ex Aiton 1789 (Geraniaceae): genome characterization and phylogenetic consideration

Erodium cicutarium is an annual herbaceous plant valued for its applications in traditional medicine. However, the chloroplast genome of E. cicutarium has yet to be reported. In this study, we assembled chloroplast genomes of Erodium cicutarium using Illumina sequencing reads. The chloroplast genome was 114,652 bp long, harbored 111 complete genes, and its overall GC content was 39.1%. In Maximum Likelihood (ML) and Bayesian inference (BI) trees, the 13 Erodium species divided into three main clades, with E. cicutarium and E. carvifolium forming a monophyletic group, suggesting a close relationship between the two species. The E. cicutarium cp genome presented in this study lays a good foundation for the Erodium.

Andean tubers: traditional medicine and other applications

Tubers are a staple food in Andean highland communities, valued for their rich carbohydrate content with starch being the predominant component. Additionally their consumption is preferred for various health benefits, including anti-inflammatory effects, pain relief, digestive system improvement, diabetes management and wound healing, among others. Several studies have focused on Andean tubers such as Oxalis tuberosa, Tropaeolum tuberosum, Ullucus tuberosus, Arracacia xanthorrhiza and Smallanthus sonchifolius, revealing different compounds with pharmacological effects on humans and strengthening the immune system. Therefore, the objective of this review was to compile information from different databases such as Scopus and Web of Science on research conducted in the last decade on these tubers, highlighting their health benefits and potential for technological innovation for the benefit of the Andean communities that produce these crops. These tubers have been little marketed outside their production areas due to a lack of awareness. Although their applications have been limited, they have shown positive results, making them promising sources of health-beneficial phytochemicals. They could be used in technological developments to benefit health, particularly in addressing diseases that cause the most deaths.

First report of Diaporthe tulliensis causing leaf spot on Millettia speciosa in China.

Millettia speciosa Champ, renowned for its diverse applications in traditional medicine, is extensively cultivated in the Guangxi region of China, spanning roughly 5,973 hectares. In July 2021, a plantation in Yulin, Guangxi, China (22°64'N; 110°29'E), exhibited severe leaf spot disease on M. speciosa. Notably, a 46,690 square meters area had over 40% leaf spot incidence. Initially, symptoms appeared as small, circular, pale-yellow lesions on the leaves, then turned into irregular, dark brown spots with yellow halos, leading to the wilt and defoliation of leaves. To identify the responsible pathogen, a total of five symptomatic leaves were collected and sterilized systematically. Small tissue segments (5×5 mm) from lesion peripheries were aseptically excised, then surface sterilized with 75% ethanol for 10 s, and 1% sodium hypochlorite (NaClO) for 3 min. Following this, the sterilized tissues were triple-rinsed with sterile water and cultured on potato dextrose agar (PDA) at 28 °C in the dark for 7 d. A total of seven isolates were obtained through single-spore isolation, and one representative isolate, N2-3, was selected for further analysis. After 7 d of incubation, colonies displayed flat, white, and extensively branched aerial hyphae. Over time, the reverse side of the colony changed from white to yellowish-white. The pycnidia were black with conidial droplets ranging from cream to pale yellow exuding from their ostioles. The α-conidia were one-celled, hyaline, ovoid to cylindrical, typically with one or two droplets, 2.6 to 5.9 ×1.4 to 3.9 μm (n=50). These morphological traits align with those of the genus Diaporthe, as reported by Li et al. (2022) and Crous et al. (2015). To identify the species, isolate N2-3 underwent sequencing of the internal transcribed spacer (ITS), β-tubulin (BT), and translation elongation factor 1 alpha (EF1-α) sections (Huang et al. 2021). Obtained sequences of ITS, BT and EF1-α (Genebank accessions nos. OR600532, OR662169 and OR662168) displayed a 99% similarity to Diaporthe tulliensis (Genebank accessions nos. OP219651, ON932382, OL412437, respectively). Based on the concatenated ITS, BT and EF1-α, a neighbor-joining phylogenetic analyses using MEGA7.0 clustered with D. tulliensis. Therefore, the fungus was identified as D. tulliensis (teleomorph name) based on morphological and molecular features. A pathogenicity test was conducted on 1-year-old M. speciosa seedlings by gently abrading healthy leaves with sterilized toothpicks to create superficial wounds. Wounded leaves were then inoculated with 5 mm diameter mycelial plugs, while control seedlings received PDA plugs. Three leaves per plant and five plants per treatment were selected for assessment. All seedlings were kept in a controlled greenhouse (12/12h light/dark, 25 ± 2 °C, 90% humidity). After 7 d, the inoculated leaves showed symptoms like those in the field, while control plants remained healthy. The fungus was consistently reisolated from the infected leaves, satisfying Koch's postulates. Notably, D. tulliensis has caused Boston ivy leaf spot, bodhi tree leaf spot, cacao pod rot, and jasmine stem canker (Huang et al. 2021; Li et al. 2022; Serrato-Diaz et al. 2022; Hsu et al. 2023). This discovery is significant as it marks the first report of Diaporthe tulliensis causing leaf spot on Millettia speciossa in China, which has direct implications for the development of diagnostic tools and research into potential disease management strategies.

Chemical composition and neuroprotective activity of hemp seed aqueous extract and their chemotaxonomic significance

Fructus Cannabis (hemp seed) is important in food and traditional Chinese medicinal applications. Several studies have shown it has antioxidant, antiaging, anti-inflammatory, and neuroprotective properties. Studies have reported its anti-Alzheimer's disease effects. However, its active substances have not been defined, and little is known about the chemical constituents of the aqueous extract. The chemical profile of the aqueous extract of Fructus Cannabis (EFC) was obtained via isolation, structural identification, and qualitative and quantitative analyses. Twenty-seven compounds were identified, including seven nucleosides (1–7), five phenylpropanamides (8–11, and 24), three alkaloids (15, 16, and 26), two cyclic dipeptides (17 and 25), and one pyrimidine (19). Compounds 1, 3–7, 12, 14–19, and 21–27 were not reported previously in the Cannabis genus. Therefore, their chemotaxonomic significance is discussed. Neuroprotective activity screening revealed that EFC and the isolated compounds, particularly 9, 11, and 17, showed significant neuroprotective effects in PC12 ​cells (rat pheochromocytoma cells). The novel object recognition experiment and Nissl staining showed that EFC improved cognitive impairment in APP/PS1 mice and that EFC intervention reduced the number of senile plaques. These findings will contribute to the utility of Fructus Cannabis.

The potential effect of peel extracts of banana varieties: an in-vitro assessment

Background: Assamese cuisine is known for its use of kolakhar, a traditional ingredient; Rhizome, the skin and stem of bananas, can be used to make it. An ash filter from a banana tree is used to produce antacids. The word: kol” or “kola” is a local term for banana. In Assam, India, kolakhar is a common food additive and traditional ingredient. Method: Water is filtered through banana tree ashes to create this. The banana peel is burned after it has been dried. The ash is subsequently blended with water and left overnight. The mixture is filtered through a fine cloth once the ash has settled to the bottom of the container by the following morning. Several studies were carried out by evaluating the preparation of peel extract, Physicochemical parameters, antioxidant activity, etc. followed by some analytical methods to find the biologically active components, potential uses, and additional benefits of banana peels beyond what they currently serve as waste products. Finally, an antimicrobial study was performed by using the disc diffusion method. In this study, 4 different types of banana species investigated sought to determine the antioxidant capacity, antimicrobial activity, FT-IR, and UV to determine which one is better. Result: The physicochemical parameters, analytical technique, and assay provide an overview of the chemical characteristics, phytoconstituents, and food safety of kolakhar, which contribute to its unique properties in both traditional medicine and culinary applications. Conclusion: In conclusion, depending on the banana type used, banana peel extracts exhibit considerable promise as organic antioxidants and antibacterial agents. Therefore, considering all parameters, we obtained various potential effects from this study. The results are discussed with a graphical representation of the banana peel extract.

Relation extraction using large language models: a case study on acupuncture point locations.

In acupuncture therapy, the accurate location of acupoints is essential for its effectiveness. The advanced language understanding capabilities of large language models (LLMs) like Generative Pre-trained Transformers (GPTs) and Llama present a significant opportunity for extracting relations related to acupoint locations from textual knowledge sources. This study aims to explore the performance of LLMs in extracting acupoint-related location relations and assess the impact of fine-tuning on GPT's performance. We utilized the World Health Organization Standard Acupuncture Point Locations in the Western Pacific Region (WHO Standard) as our corpus, which consists of descriptions of 361 acupoints. Five types of relations ("direction_of", "distance_of", "part_of", "near_acupoint", and "located_near") (n = 3174) between acupoints were annotated. Four models were compared: pre-trained GPT-3.5, fine-tuned GPT-3.5, pre-trained GPT-4, as well as pretrained Llama 3. Performance metrics included micro-average exact match precision, recall, and F1 scores. Our results demonstrate that fine-tuned GPT-3.5 consistently outperformed other models in F1 scores across all relation types. Overall, it achieved the highest micro-average F1 score of 0.92. The superior performance of the fine-tuned GPT-3.5 model, as shown by its F1 scores, underscores the importance of domain-specific fine-tuning in enhancing relation extraction capabilities for acupuncture-related tasks. In light of the findings from this study, it offers valuable insights into leveraging LLMs for developing clinical decision support and creating educational modules in acupuncture. This study underscores the effectiveness of LLMs like GPT and Llama in extracting relations related to acupoint locations, with implications for accurately modeling acupuncture knowledge and promoting standard implementation in acupuncture training and practice. The findings also contribute to advancing informatics applications in traditional and complementary medicine, showcasing the potential of LLMs in natural language processing.

The medicinal plant Buddleja asiatica and its relation to the welfare of local people in the Pan‐Himalayan region: Past, present, and future perspectives

Societal Impact StatementGlobalization and rapid shifts in culture and economy threaten indigenous and local knowledge (ILK) systems, and large intergenerational gaps in this knowledge already exist. Buddleja asiatica is a deciduous shrub or small tree with traditional medicinal applications but is currently largely overlooked as a medicinal resource. This study investigates the traditional uses of B. asiatica in indigenous communities in the Pan‐Himalayan region through ethnobotanical field surveys, with a view to preserving cultural heritage and strengthening economic resilience in these communities, as well as developing B. asiatica as a medicinal resource. Prioritizing the well‐being of mountain communities, this study aims to bridge community development with nature.SummaryBuddleja asiatica Lour. (Scrophulariaceae) is widely distributed across the Pan‐Himalayan region. It has traditional medicinal applications and cultural value, as well as ecological significance. We conducted an ethnobotanical study combining field surveys from Nepal and Xizang, China with a literature review using Web of Science (WoS) to review the ethnobotanical, phytochemical, and pharmacological aspects of this species. Our study highlights the cultural significance of B. asiatica within indigenous communities and, in particular, the use of the leaves to make a starter culture for the preparation of wine. However, an evident intergenerational gap in knowledge transfer exists. The phytochemical investigation revealed the presence of various chemical classes (carbohydrates, terpenoids, flavonoids, saponins, esters, steroids, glycosides, and fatty acids), of which 15 phytoconstituents were first reported from various parts of B. asiatica. The potential medicinal properties of these chemicals include anti‐inflammatory, antioxidant, cytotoxic, antihepatotoxic, antimicrobial, and cholinesterase activities. We combine these lines of evidence to show the prospects for the livelihoods of local people across this region and propose future research directions.

Akabane Test—Its Capabilities and Real Application in Traditional and Modern Medicine

Akabane Test—Its Capabilities and Real Application in Traditional and Modern Medicine

Ultrasonication-Assisted Green Synthesis and Physicochemical and Cytotoxic Activity Characterization of Protein-Based Nanoparticles from Moringa oleifera Seeds.

Moringa oleifera (M. oleifera) is globally recognized for its medicinal properties and offers high-quality, protein-rich seeds. This study aimed to explore the potential of M. oleifera seeds as a significant source of protein-based nanoparticles (PBNPs) using the ultrasonication technique after desolvation and to evaluate their cytotoxicity in the human leukemia cell line (THP-1) for the first time. The properties of the PBNPs were confirmed by dynamic light scattering (DLS), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX), X-ray diffraction (XRD), and Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR). The extracted protein from moringa seed cake flour had a significant protein content of 54.20%, and the resulting PBNPs had an average size of 134.3 ± 0.47 nm with a robust zeta potential of -43.15 mV. Notably, our study revealed that PBNPs exhibited cytotoxic potential at high concentrations, especially against the THP-1 human leukemia cell line, which is widely used to study immunomodulatory properties. The inhibitory effect of PBNPs was quantitatively evidenced by a cytotoxicity assay, which showed that a concentration of 206.5 μg mL-1 (log conc. 2.315) was required to inhibit 50% of biological activity. In conclusion, our findings highlight the potential of M. oleifera seeds as a valuable resource in the innovative field of eco-friendly PBNPs by combining traditional medicinal applications with contemporary advancements in protein nanotechnology. However, further studies are required to ensure their biocompatibility.

Untargeted metabolomic profiling of Prinsepia utilis Royle leaves by Ultra-Performance Liquid Chromatography-Quadrupole-Time of Flight-Mass Spectrometry.

Prinsepia utilis Royle, native to the Himalayas, is esteemed in Chinese and Indian folk medicine for its diverse medicinal benefits, targeting arthritis, pain relief, bone disorders, and joint discomfort. This study examined the 25% aqueous methanol extract of P.utilis leaves using UPLC-Q-TOF-MS/MS, identifying 78 metabolites, 76 of which were reported for the first time in P.utilis. These included 64 phenolics represented by 56 flavonoids, 5 phenolic acids, 3 phenolic glycosides, 4 terpenoids, 2 lignan glycosides, and 8 other compounds, expanding the knowledge of its chemical composition. These findings lay a foundation for further research, providing insights into potential bioactive compounds and opening avenues for applications in natural product drug discovery, traditional medicine, and nutraceutical development, leveraging the plant's established traditional uses.

Antibacterial and Cytotoxicity of Extracts and Isolated Compounds from Artemisia abyssinica: A Combined Experimental and Computational Study.

Artemisia abyssinica is a widely cultivated hedge plant in Ethiopia. Traditionally, they have been used to treat a variety of health conditions, including intestinal problems, infectious diseases, tonsillitis, and leishmaniasis. Silica gel chromatographic separation of the methanol and ethyl acetate extracts of the leaves, roots, and stem barks of A. abyssinica led to the isolation of 12 compounds, labeled as 1-12. Among these, compounds 1, 3, 4, 5, and 7-11 are reported as new to the genus Artemisia. The extracts and isolated compounds from A. abyssinica were evaluated for their in vitro antibacterial activity against four bacterial strains: Streptococcus pyogenes, Staphylococcus aureus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Escherichia coli, using the disc diffusion assay. All of the extracts displayed weak antibacterial activity, with inhibition zone diameters (IZDs) ranging from 6.10 ± 0.3 to 9.30 ± 0.20 mm. The isolated compounds, on the other hand, exhibited weak to moderate antibacterial activity, with IZDs ranging from 6.00 ± 0.300 to 13.50 ± 0.50 mm. The most potent antibacterial activity was observed for compound 6, which showed an IZD of 13.30 ± 0.50 mm against E. coli and 13.50 ± 0.50 mm against P. aeruginosa. This activity was comparable to that of the positive control ceftriaxone, which had IZDs of 14.1 ± 0.3 and 13.8 ± 0.5 mm against E. coli and P. aeruginosa, respectively. The in silico molecular docking analysis against DNA gyrase B revealed that compound 5 showed a higher binding affinity (-6.9 kcal/mol), followed by compound 10 (-6.7 kcal/mol) and compound 12 (-6.3 kcal/mol), whereas ciprofloxacin showed -7.3 kcal/mol. The binding affinities of compounds 5, 11, 10, and 9 were found to be -5.0, -4.3, -4.2, and -4.0 kcal/mol against S. aureus Pyruvate kinase, respectively, whereas ciprofloxacin showed a binding affinity of -4.9 kcal/mol, suggesting that compound 5 had a better binding affinity compared with ciprofloxacin. The effect of extracts of A. abyssinica was evaluated for cytotoxic activity against the breast cancer cell line (MCF-7) by the MTT assay. The extracts induced a decrease in cell viability and exerted a cytotoxic effect at a concentration of 20 μg/mL. The highest percent cell viability was observed for the methanol extract of the stem (92.9%), whereas the least was observed for the methanol extract of the root (34.5%). The result of the latter was significant compared with the positive control. The binding affinities of the isolated compounds were also assessed against human topoisomerase inhibitors IIβ. Results showed that compound 5 showed a binding affinity of -6.0 kcal/mol, followed by 11 (-5.4 kcal/mol), 10 (-5.0 kcal/mol), and 11 (-4.9 kcal/mol). Similar to ciprofloxacin, compounds 4, 5, 6, 9, 10, and 12 comply with Lipinski's rule of five. Overall, the comprehensive investigation of the chemical constituents and their biological activities reinforces the traditional medicinal applications of A. abyssinica and warrants further exploration of this plant as a source of novel therapeutic agents.

Utilizing Cinnamomum verum extract for green synthesis of silver nanoparticles: Exploring optical properties, morphology, and potential applications

One of the most widely used medicinal herbs, cinnamon verum, has numerous pharmacological applications in traditional medicine. In this work, an aqueous extract of Cinnamomum verum (Cv) was used to produce silver nanoparticles (AgNPs). Numerous methods were used to study the Cv-AgNPs, including transmission electron microscopy(TEM), dynamic light scattering(DLS), ultraviolet–visible spectrophotometry(UV–vis), energy-dispersive spectroscopy (EDS), X-ray diffraction(XRD), and Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR). The face-centered cubic(FCC) crystal structure of the Cv-AgNPs, with an average crystallite size of 19.25 nm, has been revealed by XRD pattern analysis. The MTT assay was utilized to evaluate the anti-tumor and cytotoxic effects of Cv-AgNPs on MCF-7 and HeLa cell lines. Moreover, the anticancer activity of Cv-AgNPs was demonstrated using human cervical cancer cells(HeLA) and the breast cancer cell line(MCF-7). The results showed that Cv-AgNPs demonstrate in vitro cell viability of 9 % and 6 % for Hela and MCF-7 cell line, respectively, based on 500 μl of Cv-AgNPs consumed for 24 h. This revealed the Cv-AgNPs’ potency as an anticancer agent. Taking everything into account, this work proposes an environmentally friendly way to synthesize Cv-Ag NPs, which may find use in bio-nanomedicine.

Effect of Essential oil and Extracts of Artemisia Herba – Alba Plant Against Some E Pathogenic Bacteria

Artemisia Herba – Alba is the one of the most important genus of Asteraceae family. It has numerous values because of medicine properties. Artemisia Herba – Alba has numerous application in traditional medicine from ancient times. In this research, antimicrobial effects of leaf aqueous, alcoholic extracts and essential oil of Artemisia Herba – Alba against Staphylococcus aureus PTCC 1431 and Escherichia coli PTCC 1399 were studied, using agar disc diffusion method. Methanol and ethanol extracts obtained from leaves of A. Herba – Alba exhibited antimicrobial activity against test microorganisms. In addition Artemisia herba-alba essential oil was inhibitory effects against all studied pathogenic bacteria. The results showed that essential oil of Artemisia herba-alba had the most inhibition diameter zone in Staphylococcus aureusthan E.coli (25-17mm successively). Therefore in this research we showed that the positive gram bacteria are more sensitive than negative gram bacteria. our results indicate the possibility of using essential oil in the treatment of bacterial infections, and the results of this study was encouraging, despite the need for clinical studies to determine of the real effectiveness and potential toxic effects in vivo

Current state of research in the field of dosage forms containing viburnum (Review article)

The new age of studying the therapeutic and prophylactic properties and molecular mechanisms of action of herbal medicines that do not contain toxic and potent substances has opened up exciting prospects for their use for etiopathogenetic therapy. The results of numerous studies indicate that botanicals act as multi-target agents by modulating inflammatory, apoptotic, and other signaling pathways in multiple steps, highlighting the promising role of botanicals in achieving new and valuable effects. It should also be emphasized that one of the most important advantages and benefits of herbal medicine is the implementation of an individual approach to each patient. Early applied pathogenetic herbal medicine can stop the progression and chronicity of diseases. Viburnum is not last on the list of medicinal plant materials. Viburnum is an almost universal antibacterial agent of natural origin. Recipes with its use have found application in traditional medicine and received scientific recognition. Viburnum is a case where treatment can be not only effective, but also very tasty. It is used to prepare medicinal forms, delicious purees, compotes, tinctures, and kissels. Purpose of the work: to summarize the available literature data on dosage forms containing viburnum. Materials and methods. We conducted a literature review of scientific papers over the last 20 years in the resources of the PubMed and eLIBRARY search engines using the key words below. For this meta-analysis, we used articles containing the evidence base on the most current issues relating to medicinal forms of viburnum. Results. It has been established that the range of medicines from viburnum is limited to viburnum fruits, tincture, extract, glucose and fructose syrups, the Kalinaktiv syrup, and the Cardionorm syrup. Research is being conducted on the development of a gel with a wound-healing effect for use in dermatology, a cream for cosmetic purposes, and a liquid adjusted dosage form with an antipyretic effect (Kadilaeva Z.A. et al., 2023). Conclusion. The result of the research has been the establishment of prospects for expanding the range of medicinal products utilizing viburnum fruits.

A scoping review on the use of traditional medicine and oral health in Africa.

This review aimed to chart the landscape of literature concerning the precise applications of traditional medicine in managing specific oral diseases and, in doing so, to pinpoint knowledge gaps surrounding the use of traditional medicine for oral disease management in the African context. A systematic search of the literature was conducted on PubMed, Web of Science, Scopus, and CINAHL. The search was conducted from the inception of the database till September 2023. A search of related citations and references was also carried out. Only English language publications were included. A summary of studies that met the inclusion criteria was conducted. Of the 584 records identified, 11 were duplicates and 12 studies, published between 2006 and 2021, met the inclusion criteria. The studies were published from eight countries located in the five sub-regions on the continent. All the studies were either experimental designs or ethnobotanical surveys and they all utilized plant-based remedies. The five experimental studies aimed to assess the impact of whole plants or plant extracts on the three microorganisms responsible for dental caries and seven responsible for periodontal diseases. The number of plant species identified by the seven ethnobotanical surveys ranged from 29 to 62 while the number of plan families ranged from 15 to 29. The remedies were either topical applied, use as mouth rinses, gargled, or chewed. The systemic routes of administration identified were inhalation and drinking. The remedies were used for the treatment of hard such as dental caries and tooth sensitivity, to soft tissue lesions such as mouth ulcers, gingival bleeding, and mouth thrush. Other oral disorders managed include halitosis, jaw fracture, and oral cancer. Given the increasing prevalence of oral diseases within the region, the shortage of oral healthcare professionals and limited access to financial resources, it becomes imperative to support the generation of empirical evidence to enhance the provision of traditional medicine for oral healthcare in Africa.