Spring Applications Research Articles

ЭФФЕКТИВНОСТЬ ИСПОЛЬЗОВАНИЯ МНОГОЛЕТНИХ ТРАВ В РЕШЕНИИ ПРОБЛЕМЫ БИОЛОГИЗАЦИИ ЗЕМЛЕДЕЛИЯ РЕСПУБЛИКИ КАРЕЛИЯ

One of approaches to biologization of agriculture in Karelia is a widespread use of perennial grasses, which are a source of fodder and perform important ecological functions. We compared yield and protein productivity (tons/hectare) of one- and three-species grass stands including foxtail clover Trifolium rubens, eastern galega Galega orientalis, alfalfa Medicago varia Mart, smooth bromegrass Bromus inermis, and timothy Phleum pratense grown without mineral fertilizers or with N45P60K90 using the two-cut mode of mowing the green mass. Clover (dry weight up to 8.6, crude protein 1.51), as well as alfalfa + clover + timothy (9.4 and 1.32, respectively) featured the highest productivity. The annual spring application of mineral fertilizers caused but an insignificant increase in the yield of clover biomass, which suggests that there is no need for their application. For the biologization of a northern agriculture, it is recommended to cultivate (for two to three years) a pure grass stand of red clover, as well as a three-species stand including clover, alfalfa and timothy (six to seven years). In а pasture, legume-cereal perennial grass stands accumulate in the soil up to 9.0 ton/hectare of mowing root residues, total nitrogen content being up to 113.0 kg/ha over a five-year period, thus contributing to a slight increase in humus content and a decrease in soil acidity.

MATERIAL SELECTION AND MECHANICAL PROPERTIES IN LEAF SPRING APPLICATION: A REVIEW

In the industrial world, leaf springs are an important component of vehicles. Therefore, material selection is very influential in producing good mechanical properties that can affect leaf spring performance. In this review article, the author aims to review and compile articles on relevant previous studies to compare the best alternative materials other than steel that meet the criteria for the application of leaf springs. The review method used in this article is to search for articles that are relevant to the keyword material, leaf springs, and mechanical properties. After that, the author will collect articles and choose articles that have the criteria to be reviewed. Then the articles that meet the criteria will be reviewed by extracting the data to the review table. As a result, 24 articles will be reviewed. Then the author will extract data on each article, namely material, tensile strength, and flexure. Flexural and tensile strength are used as quality criteria for each material. The conclusion of the review article obtained is that carbon/epoxy has the potential as an alternative steel material because carbon/epoxy has the highest tensile strength with a value of 1841MPa, and flexural strength with a value of 1646.7MPa is close to steel as shown in the review table. However, further research is needed, such as proper design and more efficient manufacturing methods to produce innovative leaf spring components with high quality and acceptable quality in the industry.

Composite Springs for Mooring Tensioners: A Systematic Review of Material Selection, Fatigue Performance, Manufacturing, and Applications

Ocean energy is an underutilized renewable energy source compared with hydropower and wind power. Therefore, the development of economical and efficient wave energy converters (WECs) is important and crucial for offshore power generation. The mooring tensioner is a critical device that can be used in point-absorber-type WECs, semisubmersible floats for oil and gas drilling, and floating wind turbines. A mooring tensioner is a system used to create, reduce, or maintain tension within the mooring lines by applying a force to the mooring line. Composite springs as mooring tensioners have several advantages compared to metal springs, such as corrosion resistance, high specific strain energy, appropriate fatigue performance, and the ability to flexibly adjust the spring constant without changing the overall dimensions. This paper reviews in detail the fatigue performance, seawater durability, and manufacturing methods of different composite materials as well as the current and potential applications of composites springs. In addition, recommendations for future research and opportunities for composite mooring tensioners are presented.

Research on the Application of New Composite Leaf Springs for Commercial Vehicles

As the main load bearing components of commercial vehicles, leaf springs are generally heavy, and the demand for lightweighting is very urgent. Due to its unique material structure, the composite leaf springs have excellent performance and significant weight reduction effects. In this paper, the heating time during the production of composite leaf springs is shortened, and the production efficiency is greatly improved by establishing a suitable temperature-pressure-time moldflow molding window. Through the preforming process, the original multi-channel and multi-cavity molding structure is combined with the linkage demolding structure to achieve quick demolding. Finally, the molding cycle of composite leaf springs is controlled within 5min. It has achieved the same technical level as foreign countries, and effectively solved the problems of slow molding of composite leaf springs and inabilities to meet the demand of mass production in the past, which is of great significance for the large-scale industrial production and application of composite leaf springs.

Design and Rig Test of Hydro-Pneumatic Spring for Heavy Off-Road Vehicles

In order to meet the requirements of heavy off-road vehicles for long-stroke elastic elements, a new type of double-chamber hydro-pneumatic spring was innovatively designed. According to the structure and working characteristics, the mathematical models of the spring under two working conditions are established, and its stiffness characteristics are analyzed. The force and displacement data of the spring at different frequencies were obtained by rig test. The static friction, damping and elastic force of the spring are separated. Based on the data of elastic force and displacement, the polytropic exponent of hydro-pneumatic spring under different working conditions is identified by curve fitting. The structure and theoretical model of double-chamber hydro-pneumatic spring designed in this paper provide support for the application of hydro-pneumatic spring in long-stroke off-road vehicle.

Soil Enzyme Activity Behavior after Urea Nitrogen Application.

Understanding how fertilizer application (particularly N, the most used chemical fertilizer worldwide) interacts with soil microbes is important for the development of best management practices that target improved microbial activity to enhance sustainable food production. This study was conducted to determine whether urea N rate and time of application to maize (Zea mays) influenced soil enzyme activity. Enzyme activity was determined by monitoring fluorescein diacetate (FDA) hydrolysis, ß-glucosidase, acid-phosphomonoesterase, and arylsulfatase activities. Experiments were conducted from 2014 through 2016 to compare single (fall or spring applications) and split applications of N at varying N rates under irrigation (Becker) and rainfed conditions (Lamberton and Waseca) in MN, USA. Nitrogen rates varied by location and were based on University of Minnesota guidelines. Soil samples were collected seven times each season. Nitrogen application split into two applications increased FDA activity by 10% compared with fall and spring applied N at Waseca. Fall or spring N application decreased arylsulfatase activity by 19% at Becker and by between 13% and 16% at Lamberton. ß-Glucosidase and acid-phosphomonoesterase activities were unaffected by N application. Sampling time and year had the greatest impact on enzyme activity, but the results varied by location. A negative linear relationship occurred between FDA and ß-glucosidase activity at all three sites. In summary, urea N application had small effects on enzyme activity at the sites studied, suggesting that some form of organic N could be more important than the ammonium provided by urea.

Sensitivity of nonresistant winter wheat to quizalofop-P-ethyl in central Oklahoma and Kansas

AbstractThe CoAXium® Production System includes a new herbicide-resistant wheat (AXigen®) that allows for fall and/or spring postemergence (POST) applications of quizalofop-P-ethyl (QPE) for control of winter annual grass weeds. As area planted with AXigen® wheat increases, so will the use of QPE herbicide, and with this comes an increased chance for physical drift, tank contamination, or misapplication to nearby sensitive plants. A total of eight field studies were conducted at four locations during the 2018–2019 and 2019–2020 growing seasons to understand the response of nonresistant wheat when exposed to various rates of QPE herbicide. Five rates of QPE were evaluated: 1× (92 g ai ha−1), 1/10×, 1/50×, 1/100×, and 1/200×. Treatments of QPE were applied in the fall (2- to 3-leaf wheat) or in the spring (3- to 4-tiller wheat). Results indicated an interaction between application timing and QPE rate on grain yield for half of the site-years. The 1× rate resulted in complete or near complete grain yield loss regardless of application timing. However, QPE at the 1/10× rate resulted in yield loss ranging from 0% to 41% when fall-applied, whereas spring application resulted in 80% to 100% yield loss. For site-years when only the main effect of QPE rate was significant, 86% to 100% yield loss was observed following exposure to QPE at the 1/10× and 1× rates. For all site-years, it was infrequent that significant yield reductions were observed following the three lowest rates of QPE. If the two highest QPE rates were considered to represent tank contamination or misapplication and the three lowest rates physical drift, we can assume that physical drift of QPE to non-AXigen® wheat is not of major concern if proper application guidelines are followed. Conversely, tank contamination and misapplication should be carefully considered by growers who have planted both AXigen® and non-AXigen® wheat varieties.

Distinct driving mechanisms of non-growing season N2O emissions call for spatial-specific mitigation strategies in the US Midwest

Agricultural N2O emission is a growing concern for climate change. Recent field evidence suggests that non-growing seasons (NGS) may contribute one-third to half of the annual N2O emissions, but implications on management adaptations remain unclear. Here we used an advanced process-based model, ecosys, to investigate the magnitude and drivers of NGS N2O emissions from the US Midwest. Results showed that simulated NGS N2O emissions accounted for 6–60% of the annual fluxes under continuous corn systems, peaking in counties with NGS precipitation (PNGS) around 300 mm. Divergent patterns of spatial-temporal correlations between NGS N2O emissions and environmental variables were shown in the southeast (PNGS > 300 mm) and the northwest (PNGS < 300 mm) of the study area by simulations. Causal analysis indicates that more intensive freezing caused by decreased air temperature (Ta) is the dominant driver that leads to NGS N2O emissions increasing within the southeast of the study area, while increased PNGS and increased Ta cooperatively result in soil moisture decreasing at soil thaws that enhances NGS N2O production within the northwest of the study area. Scenario simulations suggest that annual N2O emissions in the US Midwest are likely to reduce under climate change primarily due to the reduction of NGS N2O emissions. Our estimates on monetized social benefits inform the necessity to implement spatial-specific mitigation strategies, i.e. determining fertilizer timing and use of nitrification inhibitors (NI). Spring fertilizer application is more beneficial than fall fertilizer application for most counties, however, the latter can bring extra benefits to some counties in the west of the study area. Introducing NI with either spring or fall applications can greatly increase social benefits by reducing N2O emissions and N leaching. This study addresses possibly effective adaptations by providing seasonal- and spatial-explicit mitigation potentials.

Measuring Fluorescence as a Means to Evaluate the Physiological Reaction to Growth Retardant Applied to Manage Turf

This paper presents the effects of the physiological reaction of the main cool-season grass species used for turf in a temperate climate: perennial ryegrass, Kentucky bluegrass, and tall fescue, on a twice-a-year trinexapac-ethyl (TE) application in late spring and early autumn, seasons of rapid turf growth. The fully established turf plots in the split-plot system of three replicates, with three cultivars/species, were treated by TE (1.5 and 4.5 g/100 m2). The 4.5 g/100 m2 was harmful to Kentucky bluegrass. The perennial ryegrass responded by dose-dependent growth inhibition; 30–60% in spring and 25–40% in autumn for lower and higher doses, respectively. Tall fescue responded by 50% growth inhibition independently of concentration and season. Plant physiological responses, visualized as graphs of fluorescence data, revealed the stress of Kentucky bluegrass upon high TE dose. Based on principal component analysis (PCA) analysis, three groups were distinguished: perennial ryegrass varieties from high and low TE treatments and Kentucky bluegrass varieties from high TE. TE-dependent growth reduction with no significant quality decrease benefits the environment by reducing carbon footprint machine operations (mowing). Utilizing fluorescence measurement may help to manage turf physiology.

Evaluation of amino acid–inhibiting herbicide mixtures for hair fescue (Festuca filiformis) management in lowbush blueberry

AbstractHair fescue is a perennial grass weed in lowbush blueberry fields that forms dense sods and reduces yield. As a result of natural tolerance or resistance of this grass to other currently registered herbicides growers rely on preemergence (PRE) applications of pronamide and postemergence (POST) applications of the Group 2 herbicides foramsulfuron and nicosulfuron + rimsulfuron for hair fescue management. This causes repeated application of Group 2 herbicides, which is compounded by the recent registration of flazasulfuron for POST suppression of hair fescue in lowbush blueberry. Mixtures of Group 2 herbicides with the amino acid–inhibiting herbicides glyphosate (Group 9) and glufosinate (Group 10), however, can improve weed control and may delay herbicide resistance development. This research used a factorial arrangement of Group 2 herbicides (none, foramsulfuron [35 g ai ha−1], nicosulfuron + rimsulfuron [13 + 13 g ai ha−1], flazasulfuron [50 g ai ha−1]) and mixtures (none, with glyphosate [902 g ae ha−1], and with glufosinate [750 g ai ha−1]) to identify possible mixtures that improve weed control and delay resistance development. Herbicides were applied in spring nonbearing year, fall bearing year, and fall nonbearing year, with each application timing conducted as a separate experiment. Foramsulfuron and nicosulfuron + rimsulfuron were not effective as fall applications, and spring applications of these herbicides with glyphosate or glufosinate improved hair fescue suppression. Glyphosate and glufosinate were more effective as fall rather than spring applications. Flazasulfuron was effective across all application timings, although its mixture with glufosinate generally improved hair fescue suppression. Flazasulfuron + glufosinate is tentatively recommended as an effective mixture for management of spring nonbearing-year and fall bearing-year hair fescue in lowbush blueberry.

ЕФЕКТИВНІСТЬ ЗАСТОСУВАННЯ СКЛАДНОГО МІНЕРАЛЬНОГО ДОБРИВА ЛЮБОФОС НА ПОСІВАХ ЛЮЦЕРНИ СОРТУ ЗАЙКЕВИЧА В УМОВАХ ЦЕНТРАЛЬНОГО ЛІСОСТЕПУ УКРАЇНИ

The article presents the results of research on the use of alfalfa cultivar Zaykevych mineral fertilizer Lyubofos NPK (Ca, S) 4-12-12-(5-20) at different times and application rates. The purpose of the research. Recently in Ukraine little attention has been paid to fodder plants and alfalfa blue. In connection with the changing requirements for the fertilizer system and the emergence of new complex fertilizers in Ukraine, it was decided to investigate the impact of terms and rates scientific production center BNAU of application of mineral fertilizer Lyubofos on the productivity of green mass of alfalfa variety Zaykevych obliquely during the growing season. Research methods: field, laboratory, comparative, analysis, generalization, mathematical and statistical. Results. Comparing the data of average daily temperatures and precipitation, we can conclude that the duration of the growing season between mowings of alfalfa was greatly influenced by air temperature. The use of Lyubofos fertilizer has a positive effect on the yield of alfalfa green mass. As the doses of fertilizer increase, so does the yield. With the application of 200 kg/ha in the physical mass of Lyubofos, the increase compared to the control without fertilizers is 30 %, and the application of 400 kg/ha increases the yield by 67 %. It was found that early spring feeding of alfalfa plants Lyubofosis more effective than autumn. The best yield result is 119.4 t/ha or +225 % to control, for application in autumn and spring at 400 kg/ha f. m. Lyubofos, N32P96K96(Ca40, S160). Analysis of yield between mowing’s shows that alfalfa provides the highest yield of green mass in the first (36.5 %) and second (39.8 %) mowing’s and significantly lower in the third (23.7 %). Conclusions: According to three-year studies of alfalfa cultivation in the Forest-Steppe of Ukraine, the best option for one-time use of Lyubofos mineral fertilizer is its spring application at the rate of 400 kg / ha, or N16P48K48 (Ca20, S80). This ensured a yield of 88.8 t / ha over the years of use. The survival of alfalfa plants during the study period increased by 47.1 % compared to the control. With separate use of Lyubofos fertilizer, the best option was to apply 400 kg / ha in autumn and spring, which amounted to N32P96K96(Ca40, S160). The survival of plants under control in this variant is the highest 47.2 %, and the yield in the amount for 2020-2021 was 119.4 t/ha. Keywords: alfalfa, mineral fertilizer, norms and terms of application, yield of green mass.

Spring Boot Backend Development

Every web application must be able to save and update HTTP-accessible data. This information must be kept safe. Spring Boot provides a good platform for Java developers to develop a stand-alone and production-grade spring application that you can just run. The backend may be more difficult to get started with because seeing the results of your efforts is more difficult. In this article, we'll go over what backend development is all about, as well as backend programming approaches. Java is an excellent choice for any application.

Problems in cabbage stem weevil control (Ceutorhynchus pallidacytlus Marsh.) in winter oilseed rape

Due to the length of egg-laying period (&amp;gt; 80 days), two applications of insecticides against cabbage stem weevil (Ceutorhynchus pallidactylus Marsh.) are currently needed. However, resistance of pollen beetle (Brassicogethes aeneus F.) to pyrethroids complicates the choice of suitable insecticide for the second application. The active ingredients cypermethrin, etofenprox, pymetrozine, indoxacarb and chlorpyrifos-ethyl applied as second spring applications to winter oilseed rape crops were assessed under field conditions from 2016 to 2018 to ascertain how they could reinforce the effects of the first spring application (beta-cyfluthrin) on cabbage stem weevil. Chlorpyrifos-ethyl and etofenprox strengthened the effects of the first spring spray on cabbage stem weevil markedly more than cypermethrin. Pymetrozine and indoxacarb, effective on resistant populations of pollen beetles, showed the lowest contribution to increase the effects. Indoxacarb showed a low effect on C. pallidactylus in laboratory tests too. The impacts of the bans on active ingredients chlorpyrifos-ethyl and pymetrozine are discussed.

Combining advanced 3D printing technologies with origami principles: A new paradigm for the design of functional, durable, and scalable springs

Origami has recently emerged as a platform for building functional engineering systems with versatile characteristics that targeted niche applications. One widely utilized origami-based structure is known as the Kresling origami spring (KOS), which inspired, among many other things, the design of vibration isolators, fluidic muscles, and mechanical bit memory switches. Previous demonstrations of such concepts were carried out using paper-based KOSs, which are suitable for conceptual illustrations but not for implementation in a real environment. In addition to the very low durability resulting from the high plastic deformations at the paper folds; lack of repeatability, and high variation of performance among similar samples are also inevitable. To circumvent these issues, this paper presents a novel approach for the design of a non-paper based KOS, which mimics the qualitative behavior of the paper-based KOS without compromising on durability, repeatability, and functionality. In the new design, each fundamental triangle in the paper-based KOS is replaced by an inner central rigid core and an outer flexible rubber-like frame, which are fabricated out of different visco-elastic materials using advanced 3-D printing technologies. The quasi-static behavior of the fabricated springs was assessed under both compressive and tensile loads. It is shown that KOSs with linear, softening, hardening, mono- and bi-stable restoring force behavior can be fabricated using the proposed design by simple changes to the geometric design parameters, further pointing to the vast range of potential applications of such springs.

Tolerance of southern highbush blueberry to 2,4-D choline postemergence-directed

AbstractField studies were conducted on southern highbush blueberry in Elizabethtown and Rocky Point, NC, in 2019, 2020, and 2021 to determine tolerance to 2,4-D choline as a postemergence-directed application. In separate trials for younger and older bearing blueberry bushes, both 2,4-D choline rates and application timing were evaluated. Treatments included 2,4-D choline at 0, 0.53, 1.06, 1.60, and 2.13 kg ae ha–1 applied alone in winter during dormancy, and sequential treatments at 0.53 kg ae ha–1 followed by (fb) 0.53, 1.06 fb 1.06, 1.6 fb 1.6, or 2.13 fb 2.13 kg ae ha–1. The first application of the sequential treatments was applied in winter followed by another application in spring during early green fruit. Injury to blueberry from 2,4-D choline treatments was not observed for either maturity stage, and fruit yield was not affected by any of the treatments. Differences among treatments were not observed for fruit soluble solid content (SSC) in older bushes, or for fruit pH, SSC, and titratable acidity (TA) in younger bushes. In older bushes, fruit pH and TA had rate-by-timing interactions, and TA had a farm-year interaction with differences at Rocky Point in 2019 and Elizabethtown in 2020, but biologically no pattern was observed from the treatments.

Field bindweed control with quinclorac in highbush blueberry

AbstractField bindweed is a perennial vining weed with vigorous growth, and is commonly found in highbush blueberry fields of Oregon. It requires and integrated strategy using multiple applications of postemergence herbicides and hand weeding for adequate control. Quinclorac is a herbicide that has been shown to control field bindweed, but no information is available indicating the tolerance of blueberry to quinclorac. The objective of this study was to evaluate the response of blueberry to quinclorac and to evaluate field bindweed control with quinclorac in different mixtures. Three groups of field studies were designed to assess 1) single application control of field bindweed, 2) use of sequential treatments to control field bindweed, and 3) long-term impact of quinclorac on field bindweed. In the single application control studies, a single application of quinclorac at 210 or 420 g ai ha−1 alone or in a mixture with rimsulfuron (35 g ai ha−1) or carfentrazone (35 g ai ha−1), controlled field bindweed by 69% to 76% while reducing its biomass between 22% and 44% compared to the nontreated control (61 g m−2). In a sequential treatment study, a single application of quinclorac (420 g ai ha−1) provided 83% to 100% control of field bindweed, outperforming three sequential applications of carfentrazone. In the long-term study, a single application of quinclorac reduced field bindweed biomass by 50% to 82% in 2019 and 62% to 87% in 2020. These results indicate that quinclorac can be safely applied to highbush blueberry plants. Early spring applications of quinclorac to field bindweed will reduce or eliminate the need for subsequent applications later in the season.

Improving the Varroa (Varroa destructor) Control Strategy by Brood Treatment with Formic Acid-A Pilot Study on Spring Applications.

Simple SummaryThe varroa mite control in a natural and sustainable way is critical for beekeeping, taking into account the importance of honey bees for pollination as well as for obtaining clean products. In recent time, new procedures for varroosis treatment in the reproductive phase were developed, which can be applied any time during the active season as they use volatile organic acids, widely accepted for organic beekeeping. Such a procedure consists of brushing the capped brood with formic acid, which is very effective in killing varroa mites but also minimally invasive for honey bee colonies. The importance of varroosis treatments before winter bee rearing is evident and widely accepted, as most of the actual treatments are limited to the late active season applications for different reasons, especially because they are focused on phoretic mites. Having in view the flexibility of the new procedure’s application in the whole period of the active season, we started a pilot study to preliminarily test the effectiveness of spring applications on varroa mite control. The results show significant differences in brood infestation between experimental and control groups, in the same apiary, which gives clear indications that spring applications could be beneficial for improving the varroa control strategies.The importance of varroosis control in a natural and sustainable way is crucial for beekeeping, having in view the varroa mite impact on honey bee health. In the last years, we developed a highly effective procedure for treating varroa in capped brood using volatile organic acids. This procedure can be applied at any moment of the active season as it uses organic substances. Taking into account the necessity to drastically reduce the level of varroa infestation in colonies before winter bee rearing, we developed a relatively simple pilot study to preliminarily test the impact of spring treatments on varroa infestation level in brood, to be evaluated in summer when, naturally, the population of mites increases. To test the hypothesis, two experimentally treated groups and a control group were used. The treatment consisted of brushing all capped brood with formic acid of 65% concentration in one and two applications. The obtained results show very significant differences between the treated and control groups in terms of infested cell percentages evaluated in the July–August period. Consequently, the spring treatments could be an important tool in limiting the varroa mite multiplication, but further experiments are necessary to test and adapt them to different local conditions.

Biochar impacts on the soil environment of soybean root systems

Biochar has been widely studied as a soil amendment, but little is known about the “biochar-freeze-thaw soil-crop root system” interface in seasonally frozen soil areas. In the second year after the application of biochar, we conducted research on the morphological characteristic indicators of the soybean root system and the nutrient migration of the soil in the root zone under different biochar application periods (spring and autumn mixed, autumn, and spring biochar application) and different biochar application rates (3 kg·m−2, 6 kg·m−2, 9 kg·m−2, and 12 kg·m−2). The effects of different biochar treatments on the growth and development of soybean roots were examined. The soil organic carbon, ammonium nitrogen and nitrate nitrogen contents of the soil were measured at different locations in the root zone, and the migration processes of these nutrients in the soil were explored. The conclusions drawn from the experiments are as follows. (i) The biochar application rate and application method together determine the root morphological characteristic indicators of soybean plants. During long freeze-thaw periods, the freeze-thaw cycles change the internal environment of the biochar-freeze-thaw soil complex. (ii) Biochar tends to move towards the root system, which can increase soil organic carbon content, but the effect of biochar on root characteristics is not caused by the change in soil organic carbon content. (iii) Biochar promotes nitrogen cycling in the soil and the migration of soil nitrogen to the root sheath, increasing the number of nitrogen compounds that can be directly absorbed and utilized by crops. (iv) From a comparison of the effects of various biochar treatments on crop roots and farmland soils, we suggest that the 9 kg·m−2 biochar application rate under spring and autumn mixed biochar application is the optimal treatment.

Review of Various Application of Electric Spring

Review of Various Application of Electric Spring

Nitrogen fertilizer rate and timing effects on smooth bromegrass interseeded with sorghum‐sudangrass

AbstractInterseeding perennial cool‐season grass pastures with annual warm‐season grasses may increase forage accumulation and nutritive value. Our understanding of how N fertilizer rate and timing affect the forage mass, herbage composition, and N use efficiency (NUE) of interseeded pastures remains limited. In 2018–2020, we evaluated the responses of smooth bromegrass (Bromus inermis Leyss.) to two interseeding and five fertilizer rate and timing treatments in eastern Nebraska. Interseeding treatments included unseeded smooth bromegrass and smooth bromegrass interseeded with sorghum‐sudangrass [Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench × S. bicolor var. sudanense]. Fertilizer rate and timing treatments included: 0 lb N acre–1, 80 lb N acre–1 in spring, 40 lb N acre–1 in spring and summer, 80 lb N acre–1 in summer, and 80 lb N acre–1 in spring and summer. Summer applications occurred after sorghum‐sudangrass emergence. Across years, fertilizer rate and timing had the greatest effects on forage and weed responses. Applying N at 80 lb acre–1 in spring increased spring and total spring + summer forage mass by 33% while increasing NUE compared with summer application. Interseeding did not increase summer and total forage mass, and summer N applications did not enhance the success of sorghum‐sudangrass and were problematic, increasing weediness and reducing NUE. Practitioners should fertilize smooth bromegrass with 80 lb N acre–1 in spring or 40 lb N acre–1 in split spring and summer applications in eastern Nebraska. Interseeding sorghum‐sudangrass may increase forage accumulation and nutritive value, but establishment methods need improvement.