Application Of Navigation System Research Articles

Application value of surgical navigation system based on deep learning and mixed reality for guiding puncture in percutaneous nephrolithotomy: a retrospective study.

This study was conducted to investigate the clinical value of a navigation system based on deep learning and mixed reality for the treatment of kidney stones with percutaneous nephrolithotomy (PNL), and to improve its theoretical basis for the treatment of kidney stones. The data of 136 patients with kidney stones from October 2021 to December 2023 were retrospectively analyzed. All patients underwent PNL, and were categorized into a control group (Group 1) and a surgical navigation group (Group 2) according to puncture positioning method. Preoperative computed tomography (CT) was performed in both groups. In group 1, procedures were performed under standard ultrasound guidance. PNL was performed with navigation system fused with ultrasound to guide percutaneous puncture in group 2. The baseline information and procedural characteristics of both groups were compared. PNL was successfully performed in both groups. No significant difference was found in the baseline date between the two groups. In group 2, real-time ultrasound images could be accurately matched with CT images with the aid of navigation system. The success rate of single puncture, puncture time, and decrease in hemoglobin were significantly improved in group 2 compared to group 1. (p < 0.05). The application of navigation system based on deep learning and mixed reality in PNL for kidney stones allows for real-time intraoperative navigation, with acceptable accuracy and safety. Most importantly, this technique is easily mastered, particularly by novice surgeons in the field of PNL.

Aggregation operators based on Einstein averaging under q-spherical fuzzy rough sets and their applications in navigation systems for automatic cars

This study introduces innovative operational laws, Einstein operations, and novel aggregation algorithms tailored for handling q-spherical fuzzy rough data. The research article presents three newly designed arithmetic averaging operators: q-spherical fuzzy rough Einstein weighted averaging, q-spherical fuzzy rough Einstein ordered weighted averaging, and q-spherical fuzzy rough Einstein hybrid weighted averaging. These operators are meticulously crafted to enhance precision and accuracy in arithmetic averaging. By thoroughly examining their characteristics and interrelations with existing aggregate operators, the article uncovers their distinct advantages and innovative contributions to the field. Furthermore, the study illustrates the actual implementation of these newly constructed operators in a variety of attribute decision-making scenarios employing q-SFR data, yielding useful insights. Our suite of decision-making tools, including these operators, is specifically designed to address complex and uncertain data. To validate our approach, this study offers a numerical example showcasing the real-world applicability of the proposed operators. The results not only corroborate the efficacy of the proposed method but also underscore its potential significance in practical decision-making processes dealing with intricate and ambiguous data. Additionally, comparative and sensitivity analyses are presented to assess the effectiveness and robustness of our proposed work relative to other approaches. The acquired knowledge enriches the current understanding and opens new avenues for future research.

Combined Shark-Fin Rooftop Antenna for LTE, WLAN and BeiDou Applications

This paper presents rooftop automobile antennas designed for Long-Term Evolution (LTE), Wireless Local Area Network (WLAN) and navigation system applications. The proposed antennas are housed within a shark-fin structure on the car’s roof, and comprise a main antenna and a diversity antenna. The main antenna and diversity antenna combine for spatial diversity, receiving and processing the same signal to optimize signal quality. To accommodate the limited space within the shark-fin housing, various miniaturization and multiband techniques are utilized. The hexagonal substrate is more closely fitted to the shape of the shark fin, thus making full use of the space of the shark-fin shell. The main antenna and the diversity antenna are perpendicular to each other, which saves the space of the overall antenna and improves the utilization rate of the overall antenna space. The proposed main antenna, compactly sized at 50 mm × 20 mm × 1.59 mm, maintains a VSWR value below 2 across the frequency range of 1.19–2.8 GHz, enabling support for LTE bands 1, 2, 3, 4, 7, 11, 15, 16, 34, 39, 40, and 41, as well as WLAN 2400 bands. The diversity antenna maintains a VSWR value below 2 across the frequency range of 1.5–2.6 GHz, which can cover BeiDou B1-1, LTE 1, 2, 3, 4, 7, 11, 15, 16, 34, 39, and 40, and WLAN 2400 bands. The main antenna and the diversity antenna both demonstrate favorable radiation patterns on the azimuth plane. Simulation and measurement results exhibit a high level of agreement.

Current Application of Navigation Systems in Robotic-Assisted and Laparoscopic Partial Nephrectomy: Focus on the Improvement of Surgical Performance and Outcomes.

Kidney cancer represents the third most prevalent malignancy among all types of genitourinary cancer worldwide. Currently, there is a growing trend of employing partial nephrectomy for the management of large and complex tumors. Surgical outcomes are associated with some amendable surgical factors, including warm ischemic time, pedicle clamping, preserved volume of renal parenchyma, appropriate surgical strategy, and precise resection of the tumor. Improving surgical performance is pivotal for achieving favorable surgical outcomes. Due to advancements in imaging visualization technology and the shift of the medical paradigm toward precision medicine, an increasing number of navigation systems have been implemented in partial nephrectomy procedures. The navigation system can assist surgeons in formulating optimal surgical strategies and enhance the safety, precision, and feasibility of resecting complex renal tumors. In this review, we provide an overview of currently available navigation systems and their feasible applications, with a focus on how they contribute to the improvement of surgical performance and outcomes during robotic-assisted and laparoscopic partial nephrectomy.

Application of navigation system in colonoscopy

Introduction. There are opinions that the use of modern high-tech additional techniques, including a navigation system for positioning a colonoscope (MEI), can both increase the diagnostic efficiency of colonoscopy and its comfort for the patient, and do not affect the quality of colonoscopy. Aim. To determine the capabilities of MEI during colonoscopy without sedation. Materials and methods. The single-center, prospective, randomized study included 120 patients (from 20 to 82 years, mean age 51.8 years; 53% men / 47% women) who underwent routine diagnostic outpatient colonoscopy using a rotational technique by experienced endoscopists using MEI navigation system. The study took place in two stages: Stage 1 – randomization and assessment of group comparability (group 1 – MEI, n = 57 and group 2 – without MEI, n = 63); Stage 2 – determination of the number of patients with colon preparation for colonoscopy according to the Boston scale &gt; 6 points (n = 112: 1st study-MEI group, n = 52 and 2nd control group, n = 60); comparative analysis between groups of the frequency of cecal intubation, time of cecal intubation, pain assessment on the VAS scale in cm. Statistical analysis was carried out using Fisher’s exact test, two-sided Mann-Whitney rank sum U test at a significance level of 0.05. Results and discussion. The groups were comparable in age, gender, preliminary indications for the study. The cecum was intubated significantly more often in group 1 (100% vs 90%, p &lt; 0.05). There was no significant difference in the time required for cecal intubation (p = 0.258) and the difference in the mean time required for cecal intubation was 22 seconds. The VAS pain assessment also did not reveal significant differences (p = 1.023). We determined that the increase in the frequency of cecal intubation using MEI by experienced endoscopists increases by 10% and reaches 100%, while the opinion about reducing the time of cecal intubation and improving patient comfort were not confirmed. Conclusion. MEI during rotational colonoscopy performed by experienced endoscopists increases the likelihood of cecal intubation during routine colonoscopy by 10%. MEI does not increase the time required for cecal intubation and is not associated with the frequency or intensity of pain or discomfort on the VAS scale in colonoscopy without sedation.

Smartphone-based navigation system enables low-volume surgeons to perform accurate acetabular cup placement: A single-center retrospective study

PurposeUsing navigation systems during total hip arthroplasty (THA) has been reported to be useful for preventing acetabular cup malpositioning. However, only few studies have reported on the application of navigation systems to THA at low-volume hospitals owing to cost and usage complexity. Therefore, the aim of this study was to determine whether smartphone-based portable navigation using augmented reality technology would enable low-volume surgeons to perform acetabular cup placement more accurately than with the conventional manual technique. MethodsWe retrospectively compared acetabular cup placement between the navigation (n ​= ​28) and conventional (n ​= ​24) groups. The acetabular cup inclination and anteversion angles were measured using computed tomography (CT)-based planning software. Furthermore, the absolute difference between the postoperative and target angles was compared between the groups. ResultsThe absolute difference between the postoperative and target angles of cup inclination was 2.6° ​± ​2.3° in the navigation group and 5.6° ​± ​5.2° in the conventional group (p ​< ​0.01). Additionally, the cup anteversion was 3.2° ​± ​3.0° in the navigation group and 9.4° ​± ​7.1° in the conventional group (p ​< ​0.01). ConclusionsUsing a smartphone-based portable navigation system could allow for appropriate cup placement even by low-volume surgeons.

TECHNOLOGICAL MODELLING OF SMART PACKAGING BASED ON INTERNATIONAL PACKAGING STANDARDS

As the end result of the overall process, improperly packaged product and packaging containers with low quality can lead to risks and high damage. One of the current problems is the lack of packaging containers that meet the high requirements for the successful delivery of specific products. A number of internal and external influences and risks occur throughout the whole process, and a brand-new packaging model is needed to minimize and eliminate those factors. Requirements and instructions for the packaging process are completely recorded in ISO international standards. In this article, the technical model of the new intelligent packaging containers is drawn up in AutoCAD (following the requirements of the standards), and an explanation of each specification is included. The structure of the model, the layers of protection and the used equipment and their functions are shown. Traceability can also be achieved through the application of navigation systems, and thanks to this, it can be determined where the packaging containers are and at what time intervals they will be delivered. The application of the live location system will provide the user with a wide range of opportunities. With drone technology, which is one of the new generation technologies, the delivery process can be carried out over long distances. Application will be used to constantly inform the user and monitor the system. Risk assessment, marketing and financial values should be considered. Keywords: Packaging, packaging container, delivery process, SMART packaging, international standard (ISO).

Effect of annealing temperatures on microstructural stability and mechanical properties of Ti–Zr–Nb alloy

Due to its excellent deformability and high tensile strength, Ti–Zr–Nb alloy is promising in the field of aerospace and national defense. However, the relatively low stability of microstructure with temperature variation restricts its further application in navigation system. In this work, the microstructure evolution and mechanical properties of Ti–Zr–Nb alloy is investigated after an annealing treatment. When the annealing temperature increases, we observe the microstructure experiences recovery, recrystallization, reduction of dislocation density, refinement of α′-prime martensite phases and dissolution of ω-phases. These behaviors lead to the release of distortion energy, and thus the improvement of microstructural stability of Ti–Zr–Nb alloy. In the meantime, mechanical properties maintain after the enhancement of microstructural stability. Therefore, the propose annealing process can improve the microstructural stability and keep the good mechanical properties of Ti–Zr–Nb alloy in further aerospace application.

Current application and prospect of accurate navigation technology in orthopaedic trauma

In the past decades,a dramatic development of navigation technology in orthopaedic surgery has been witnessed. By assisting the localization of surgical region,verification of target bony structure,preoperative planning of fixation,intraoperative identification of planned entry point and direction of instruments or even automated insertion of implants,its ability and potential to reduce operation time,intraoperative radiation,surgical trauma,and improve accuracy has been proved. However,in contrast to the widespread use of navigation technology in arthroplasty,orthopaedic tumor,and spine surgery,its application in orthopaedic trauma is relatively less. In this manuscript,the main purpose is to introduce the technical principles of navigation devices,outline the current clinical application of navigation systems in orthopaedic trauma,analyze the current challenges confronting its further application in clinical practice and its prospect in the future.

Features of the development of a solid-state wave gyroscope

A simple and clear principle of operation of a solid-state wave gyroscope is described. Expressions are presented that allow determining the design and physical parameters that provide the required bandwidth and measurement range of the gyroscope in the angular velocity sensor mode. An iterative resonator balancing method is proposed, which allows obtaining the best resonator parameters for specific applications in navigation systems. The sequence of settings of the circuit of the control system of the solid-state wave gyroscope in the mode of the angular velocity sensor is described.

A polarization-sensitive array reconfiguration technique resorting to antenna selection for navigation interference mitigation

Polarization-sensitive array (PSA) processing works well in navigation system applications for interference mitigation. However, the fixed configuration of conventional PSA increases the computational burden of subsequent adaptive array processing and can even be inefficient and redundant in some cases. Furthermore, since the radio frequency (RF) front end is more costly than the antenna, it is urgent to exploit a PSA reconfiguration method that can lower the cost of array design and achieve sufficiently good anti-interference performance when employing fewer RF front ends and antennas. In this paper, a PSA reconfiguration technique maximizing the signal to interference plus noise ratio (SINR) is presented to solve the problem. Combining with adaptive processing, we derive the formula between the SINR and the polarization-spatial correlation coefficient (PSCC), thereby building the mathematical model with minimizing PSCC as the objective function. Then, the lower bound of the optimal PSCC, gained by the Lagrange Dual Relaxation method, is utilized to guide the selection of the antenna number. Finally, we adopt an iterative correlation measurement (ICM) approach to confirm the antenna element position of the optimal subarray with the minimum PSCC. Numerical simulations illustrate the effectiveness and correctness of the proposed technique and derived theoretical results.

RPM ‐loaded compact dual‐band circularly polarized antenna for GNSS application

In this letter, a miniaturized high gain dual-band circularly polarized antenna is proposed for the global satellite navigation system application. Centrosymmetric radiation structure with I-shape branches helps improve the performance of the antenna in the low frequency within a limited area. The reflective phase modulation (RPM) surface with double zero-reflection-phase frequency points is analyzed and is used to lower the antenna profile. The bandwidth of the antenna is filtered assisted by the RPM surface. The composite left/ right hand transmission line is used in the feed network to balance the phase difference among the four feeding ports in the bandwidth. Simulation and measurement results show that the VSWR of the antenna is blow 1.5, the boresight AR is less than 3 dB, and the boresight gain is larger than 4.9 dBic in the double working band (1.164–1.279 GHz and 1.579–1.616 GHz).

Versatile Application of Navigation System for Total Knee Arthroplasty

Versatile Application of Navigation System for Total Knee Arthroplasty

Augmented and virtual reality in spine surgery, current applications and future potentials

The field of artificial intelligence (AI) is rapidly advancing, especially with recent improvements in deep learning (DL) techniques. Augmented (AR) and virtual reality (VR) are finding their place in healthcare, and spine surgery is no exception. The unique capabilities and advantages of AR and VR devices include their low cost, flexible integration with other technologies, user-friendly features and their application in navigation systems, which makes them beneficial across different aspects of spine surgery. Despite the use of AR for pedicle screw placement, targeted cervical foraminotomy, bone biopsy, osteotomy planning, and percutaneous intervention, the current applications of AR and VR in spine surgery remain limited. The primary goal of this study was to provide the spine surgeons and clinical researchers with the general information about the current applications, future potentials, and accessibility of AR and VR systems in spine surgery. We reviewed titles of more than 250 journal papers from google scholar and PubMed with search words: augmented reality, virtual reality, spine surgery, and orthopaedic, out of which 89 related papers were selected for abstract review. Finally, full text of 67 papers were analyzed and reviewed. The papers were divided into four groups: technological papers, applications in surgery, applications in spine education and training, and general application in orthopaedic. A team of two reviewers performed paper reviews and a thorough web search to ensure the most updated state of the art in each of four group is captured in the review. In this review we discuss the current state of the art in AR and VR hardware, their preoperative applications and surgical applications in spine surgery. Finally, we discuss the future potentials of AR and VR and their integration with AI, robotic surgery, gaming, and wearables. AR and VR are promising technologies that will soon become part of standard of care in spine surgery.

ИСПОЛЬЗОВАНИЕ НАВИГАЦИОННОЙ СИСТЕМЫ, ОСНОВАННОЙ НА ТЕХНОЛОГИИ ДОПОЛНЕННОЙ РЕАЛЬНОСТИ, В ХИРУРГИЧЕСКОМ ЛЕЧЕНИИ ОПУХОЛЕЙ ОРБИТЫ

Objective. To assess the effectiveness and feasibility of using an intraoperative navigation system based on augmented reality technology in the surgical treatment of intra-orbital tumors. Methods. Two patients with intra-orbital tumors were operated on with the application of the intraoperative navigation system. The virtual volumetric model was designed on the basis of files in the Digital Imaging and Communications in Medicine (DICOM) format, taking into account the fact that the quality of reconstruction depends on the quality of the input data and the accuracy of the reconstruction system. The required structures and parameters of color rendering for inclusion in the model were selected taking into consideration a specific clinical situation. Then the model was subjected to processing and modification to facilitate visualization. The prepared and optimized model was loaded into Microsoft HoloLens2 augmented reality glasses. In the preoperative period, using the possibilities of full screen image zoom and rotation of 3D model, the planning of the surgical intervention was carried out with the participation of all members of the surgical team. Intraoperatively, a 3D skull model was superimposed on the patient along bony landmarks (lower orbital edge and nasal bones). Surgical access and surgery were performed in the projection of the visualized tumor. Results. In the first case, the surgical planningas the preoperative method of pre-visualising asurgical intervention was used by means of the possibilities of model zooming and rotating; a detailed preoperative tumor assessment was made. In the second case, the navigation system was used in the process of diagnostic orbitotomy to facilitate the access to the tumor. Conclusion. Augmented reality allows highly detail visualization of individual anatomical models. Models are interactive, adaptive to real time and manipulating does not require the special skills. The technologies are flexible and can be programmed to perform a number of tasks (diagnostics, preoperative planning and intraoperative navigation). Models might be used for surgical training of surgeons to possess the skills. What this paper adds For the first time, the possibility of a navigation system application based on augmented reality technology in the surgical treatment of intra-orbital tumors has been shown. The technique has been found to be useful both in the preoperative planning and during surgical intervention.

Estimation of dynamically changing navigation parameters of the group of autonomous vehicles

The estimates of natural and mutual coordinates and speeds of movement of autonomous vehicles moving the structure have been integrated. Cases of application of navigation systems of different accuracy for an arbitrary number of sets in a group are considered. There are given expressions for covariance matrices of integration errors in two ways. The first method is formulated based on a Kalman vector filter. The second algorithm consists of a two-step evaluation procedure involving a static evaluation and a Kalman filter. Results of comparative analysis of efficiency of the considered methods are presented.

Use of application of navigation system to odontogenic benign tumors with maxilla.

Oral and maxillofacial region has a complicated anatomy with critical nerves and arteries inside. Therefore, oral surgeons sometimes do not have enough operative fields during surgeries and anatomic changes caused by tumors and fractures make the surgeries more difficult. The application of navigation system in oral surgery has started in such cases that tumors are close to cranial base and have risks to damage important anatomical structures like nerves and vessels. It can make doctors more confident with their operations and decrease operative risks, but the use is still limited because of several obstacles. In this context, we applied navigation system to the operations of removing recurrent ameloblastoma on sphenoid bone and myxoma. The surgeries we performed with navigation system were successful and we have not had any postoperative complications at all. This report presents to use navigation system to remove benign tumor that occurs in deep area of craniofacial bone completely in a minimally invasive way.

State Estimation Methods in Navigation: Overview and Application

This article deals with state estimation of nonlinear stochastic dynamic systems. The stress is laid on general introduction of the selected estimation methods, description of their application in navigation systems, and treatment of the error sources in the navigation systems design.

PLIN: A Network for Pseudo-LiDAR Point Cloud Interpolation.

LiDAR sensors can provide dependable 3D spatial information at a low frequency (around 10 Hz) and have been widely applied in the field of autonomous driving and unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV). However, the camera with a higher frequency (around 20 Hz) has to be decreased so as to match with LiDAR in a multi-sensor system. In this paper, we propose a novel Pseudo-LiDAR interpolation network (PLIN) to increase the frequency of LiDAR sensor data. PLIN can generate temporally and spatially high-quality point cloud sequences to match the high frequency of cameras. To achieve this goal, we design a coarse interpolation stage guided by consecutive sparse depth maps and motion relationship. We also propose a refined interpolation stage guided by the realistic scene. Using this coarse-to-fine cascade structure, our method can progressively perceive multi-modal information and generate accurate intermediate point clouds. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first deep framework for Pseudo-LiDAR point cloud interpolation, which shows appealing applications in navigation systems equipped with LiDAR and cameras. Experimental results demonstrate that PLIN achieves promising performance on the KITTI dataset, significantly outperforming the traditional interpolation method and the state-of-the-art video interpolation technique.

Design of a Robust State Estimator for a Discrete-Time Nonlinear Fractional-Order System With Incomplete Measurements and Stochastic Nonlinearities

In the application of navigation system, networked system, and manufacturing process, incomplete data is unavoidable, which may reduce the performance and stability of the systems. It is a crucial and challenging task when the nonlinear fractional-order system is under incomplete data. As a kind of incomplete data, missing measurements assume that the missing rates of multiple sensors are independent of each other. In order to provide a more reliable and robust state estimation algorithm, a nonlinear fractional-order Kalman filtering algorithm considering both the missing measurements and stochastic nonlinearities is proposed in this paper. Then, the convergence and stability of the proposed filter are analyzed. In addition, sufficient conditions have been investigated to guarantee the stochastic stability. Finally, the effectiveness of the state estimator is verified by two numerical examples.