Application Of Mechanism Design Research Articles

Augmented Reality Applications in Mechanical System Design and Prototyping

With the integration of computer-generated images and data into the real world, augmented reality (AR) is a game-changing technology that improves users' perceptions and interactions with their surroundings. This technology, which can overlay digital data on real-world environments, has great potential for use in several fields, such as mechanical system design and prototyping. The use of AR in this industry is not just a theoretical idea; rather, it is a rapidly developing reality with enormous potential for creativity, effectiveness, and accuracy. Augmented Reality (AR) is a technology that combines the physical and digital worlds to provide a composite vision that improves the user's sense of reality. Augmented Reality (AR) superimposes digital data in real-time over the actual world, in contrast to Virtual Reality (VR), which submerges users in a fully digital environment. Usually, gadgets like tablets, smartphones, AR glasses, and head-mounted displays (HMDs) help with this integration. The term "mechanical system design" describes the entire process of imagining, creating, and perfecting mechanical parts and systems; it includes everything from rough concept drawings to intricate engineering models and simulations. Before moving on with full-scale manufacturing, prototyping entails building early models or samples of a product to test and verify design concepts.

Experimental Study on Mechanical Characteristics of Aluminium Metal Matrix Composite Reinforced with Titanium Oxide (TiO2) and Graphite (Gr) Particles Processed by Stir Casting Method

Abstract: In recent trend Aluminium based metal matrix composites are most used in mechanical and automobile component design applications because of their excellent mechanical, Tribological and its physical properties. Also, Aluminium metal matrix composites are used for a variety of applications such as military, aerospace, electrical industries, and automotive purposes. The present work concentrates on the experimental study on the effects of TiO2 and Gr on aluminium alloy. During this investigation, Titanium oxide (TiO2) and Graphite (Gr) particles was reinforced with aluminium and it was prepared using stir casting technique with various weight percentage combinations of TiO2 particles 2% by wt., 4% by wt., and 6% by wt. and 3% of Gr constant for all trials. Mechanical parameters were estimated by selecting the standard test methods.

Utilization of 3D printing technology in hepatopancreatobiliary surgery.

The technology of three-dimensional (3D) printing emerged in the late 1970s and has since undergone considerable development to find numerous applications in mechanical engineering, industrial design, and biomedicine. In biomedical science, several studies have initially found that 3D printing technology can play an important role in the treatment of diseases in hepatopancreatobiliary surgery. For example, 3D printing technology has been applied to create detailed anatomical models of disease organs for preoperative personalized surgical strategies, surgical simulation, intraoperative navigation, medical training, and patient education. Moreover, cancer models have been created using 3D printing technology for the research and selection of chemotherapy drugs. With the aim to clarify the development and application of 3D printing technology in hepatopancreatobiliary surgery, we introduce seven common types of 3D printing technology and review the status of research and application of 3D printing technology in the field of hepatopancreatobiliary surgery.

Improvement of the Vehicle Seat Suspension System Incorporating the Mechatronic Inerter Element

A mechatronic inerter can simulate the equivalent mechanical network through the external electrical network and can be used in a wide range of mechanical device design applications. In this paper, we study the use of a mechatronic inerter to enhance vibration isolation in vehicle seat suspensions. Firstly, the vertical and pitch movements of the vehicle’s sprung mass and the vertical vibration of the seat are considered in a half vehicle model. Then, the mechatronic inerter is introduced and the external electrical network is presented. The particle swarm optimization algorithm was used to optimize the seat suspension layout parameters with different transfer function-orders. Numerical simulations under different speeds were performed, and the results show that the application of the used mechatronic inerter’s seat suspension vibration isolation performance outperforms passive suspension. In addition, with an increase in the external electrical network transfer function-order, the seat acceleration and pitch acceleration RMS values will be further reduced. The results of the study will contribute to a new approach to vehicle seat suspension design.

A Framework for the Secretary Problem on the Intersection of Matroids

The secretary problem became one of the most prominent online selection problems due to its numerous applications in online mechanism design. The task is to select a maximum weight subset of elements subject to given constraints, where elements arrive one-by-one in random order, revealing a weight upon arrival. The decision whether to select an element has to be taken immediately after its arrival. The different applications that map to the secretary problem ask for different constraint families to be handled. The most prominent ones are matroid constraints, which both capture many relevant settings and admit strongly competitive secretary algorithms. However, dealing with more involved constraints proved to be much more difficult, and strong algorithms are known only for a few specific settings. In this paper, we present a general framework for dealing with the secretary problem over the intersection of several matroids. This framework allows us to combine and exploit the large set of matroid secretary algorithms known in the literature. As one consequence, we get constant-competitive secretary algorithms over the intersection of any constant number of matroids whose corresponding (single-)matroid secretary problems are currently known to have a constant-competitive algorithm. Moreover, we show that our results extend to submodular objectives.

Road Safety Policies for Saudi Females: A Fuzzy Logic Analysis

Perceptions, attitudes and anticipated behavior represent very useful information for decision and policy makers before they implement proposed new policies. Road safety is one of the most critical fields in the built environment. In the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia, women started driving in 2019. There is a huge shortage of studies that investigate users’ attitudes and behavior, particularly women, in Saudi Arabia. It is very timely therefore, to assess their perceptions, attitudes and raise their awareness towards road safety. In this paper, the perceptions and attitudes towards road safety and relevant policies and programs were assessed and compared using two approaches: analytical and a fuzzy logic system. By means of a questionnaire, a total of 17 road safety policies, including engineering, enforcement programs, education programs and legislation programs, were presented to the participants and assessed. These policies were assessed from the viewpoint of Saudi women. The engineering policies included the use of road signs and marking, improving road network alignment, monitoring driver speed and engineering speed reduction measures. The assessment was in terms of the usefulness of the policies to reduce traffic accidents and improve road safety in Riyadh. A total of 375 participants were surveyed. Using a Likert scale response system to report the Saudi female participants’ opinions, two sets of indices were calibrated to evaluate the perceived usefulness and acceptability of the safety policies. A MATLAB simulation of a fuzzy logic system was utilized to assess, investigate and compare travel attitudes and perceptions of road safety. The results indicate overall encouragement for the safety programs and policies by the participants. Most of the support seems to be for the engineering program. The physical presence of traffic police was observed to have scored the highest. This is an interesting result that shows that enforcement policies are still perceived to be the most effective. In this category, the policy of enforcing speed limits showed high support, amongst the other policies. While a fuzzy logic analysis is typically used in hard engineering assessments and investigations, such as mechanical engineering and system design applications, the results obtained in this investigation show that the efficacy and adequacy of the proposed fuzzy logic control system in assessing attitudinal data was sufficiently good to be recommended for future research. The outcomes from both sets of approaches, the analytical and the fuzzy logic, showed comparable results, which also demonstrates the potential benefits of using the fuzzy system in many attitudinal and behavioral studies.

Constrained Majorization: Applications in Mechanism Design

Constrained Majorization: Applications in Mechanism Design

Metaheuristic applications in mechanical and structural design

The paper shows the significance of metaheuristic optimization algorithms through their application to specific engineering problems, especially in mechanical and civil engineering domains, where some significant publications are presented. Moreover, due to their nature, these algorithms are very convenient for application in various engineering examples, both with single-objective or multi-objective optimization problems. Also, they are successfully being applied for tasks with a great number of variables and constraint functions. Finally, the paper presents the comparison of the results of seven chosen metaheuristic optimization algorithms that were applied on the example of the canti-lever beam subjected to complex loading. The objective function was the cross-sectional area of the welded I-profile. In contrast, the constraint functions were the permissible stresses in the I-profile and the welded connection supporting a cantilever beam and one welding technology limitation. After comparing obtained optimum results, optimization time and convergence for all seven chosen algorithms, some conclusions and recommendations for an appropriate type choice and application were made.

Application of Computer Aided 3D CAD Technology in Mechanical Manufacturing and Automation

With the development of computer-aided technology, the application of computer-aided 3D CAD technology in mechanical manufacturing has become more and more extensive. And it has brought new breakthroughs to the machinery manufacturing industry. This article analyzes the characteristics and functions of 3D CAD technology and its application in mechanical manufacturing design, and it also analyzes the characteristics of mechanical automation control systems. In addition, this article also conducts research on the design of mechanical automation control system.

A shuffled frog leaping algorithm with contraction factor and its application in mechanical optimum design

A shuffled frog leaping algorithm with contraction factor and its application in mechanical optimum design

Fatigue Damage Map of AZ31B-F Magnesium Alloys under Multiaxial Loading Conditions

In this work, the mechanical behavior of the AZ31B-F magnesium alloy under cyclic loading is analyzed with the goal of contributing to the advancement of its use in the design of AZ31B-F components and structures. To achieve this goal, an experimental program was implemented to evaluate the cyclic response of the AZ31B-F under specific proportional loads with different stress amplitude ratios. Afterwards, regression methods were applied to extend the experimental data to a wide range of proportional loads. As a result, the AZ31B-F damage map, a material property that stablishes the damage scale between normal and shear stresses for finite life loading regimes, was obtained. In addition, a safety factor was developed for the AZ31B-F material when subjected to proportional loading. The achieved results have a direct application in mechanical design of components/structures made of AZ31B-F contributing to its reliability.

3D weaving with curved ribbons

Basket weaving is a traditional craft for creating curved surfaces as an interwoven array of thin, flexible, and initially straight ribbons. The three-dimensional shape of a woven structure emerges through a complex interplay of the elastic bending behavior of the ribbons and the contact forces at their crossings. Curvature can be injected by carefully placing topological singularities in the otherwise regular weaving pattern. However, shape control through topology is highly non-trivial and inherently discrete, which severely limits the range of attainable woven geometries. Here, we demonstrate how to construct arbitrary smooth free-form surface geometries by weaving carefully optimized curved ribbons. We present an optimization-based approach to solving the inverse design problem for such woven structures. Our algorithm computes the ribbons' planar geometry such that their interwoven assembly closely approximates a given target design surface in equilibrium. We systematically validate our approach through a series of physical prototypes to show a broad range of new woven geometries that is not achievable by existing methods. We anticipate our computational approach to significantly enhance the capabilities for the design of new woven structures. Facilitated by modern digital fabrication technology, we see potential applications in material science, bio- and mechanical engineering, art, design, and architecture.

Towards best practice in numerical simulation of blind rivet nut installation

The present paper derives best practices to accurately simulate the installation process of a Blind Rivet Nut (BRN) using FEA. A BRN is a mechanical fastener used to equip plate material with a threaded part. The installation of a BRN inherently induces a high contact force which can have detrimental consequences when applied to non-metals such as polymer composite materials. The effects of the localized stress in the plate on the mechanical performance of the BRN can be studied with the aid of finite element simulations. To this end, the joining by forming process itself is accurately simulated using a computational efficient axisymmetric 2D model. The 2D model enables to predict the metal flow and internal state of stress after setting with sufficient accuracy. The latter is validated using a full 3D model and a multitude of experimental observations. It is shown that the large strain flow curve of the BRN material needs to be adequately identified. An industrially relevant calibration procedure is presented mitigating the experimental effort. In addition, material test selection in case of highly anisotropic BRN materials is discussed based on a thorough stress state analysis. Finally, the sensitivity of the BRN geometry to a change in the most relevant geometrical parameters is demonstrated. The presented experimental methods and numerical models provide fundamental insights in the forming mechanism including process-induced ductile damage while installing the BRN. The latter will foster the development of new BRN applications in multi-material mechanical design.

Application Strategy of Mechatronics in Mechanical Design and Manufacturing

Industry is an pillar sector for our country's social and economic development. The development of industry is closely related to our country's economic development and social construction. The application of mechatronics in mechanical design and manufacturing can not only improve the level of mechanical design and manufacturing as well as production efficiency, but also can contribute to the further development of the mechanical design and manufacturing industry. The author investigated and analyzed advantages of the mechatronics’s application in mechanical design and manufacturing, and put forward an effective strategy of applying mechatronics in mechanical design and manufacturing, hoping to help strengthen the comprehensive strength of the mechanical design and manufacturing industry.

RETRACTED: Multimedia network teaching platform and its application in mechanical design

The comprehensive application and development of multimedia technology and network technology in education is a research hotspot for a long time now and for a long time. Mechanical design is an important technical basic course for mechanical and related majors in colleges and universities. It is practical and comprehensive. This paper takes mechanical design teaching as the starting point, designs and develops a multimedia network education platform that meets the mechanical design teaching of colleges and universities. The platform fully utilizes the comprehensive advantages of streaming media technology, WebRTC technology and Web mining technology to enable teachers and students to attend classes and communicate remotely online. Through the comparative experiments on the classes of Chengnan College, the results show that with the platform teaching, the students' motivation for learning in the mechanical design discipline is enhanced, the learning investment is increased, and the teachers are satisfied with the classroom atmosphere and teaching effects. This shows that the platform can improve the teaching effect.

The utilitarian–maximin social welfare function and anomalies in social choice

AbstractTwo major criteria of distributive justice are the utilitarian criterion and the maximin criterion. We offer a simple axiomatic characterization of a mixed utilitarian–maximin social welfare function. This social welfare function explains recent empirical violations of the standard cardinal social choice theory such as the social Allais paradox and the social common ratio effect. In addition, it offers a new foundation for the positively skewed wealth distributions in society. It also provides an objective function for mechanism design applications that trades off maximizing surplus and minimizing inequality.

Charged Particle Pickup Tube Detector Used in Experimental Applications and Classroom Demonstrations

Acharge pickup detector was developed at the University of Colorado for use in classroom demonstrations and in the dust accelerator at the Institute for Modeling Plasma, Atmospheres and Cosmic Dust (IMPACT). The detector can be used in a physics classroom to help high school and introductory-level physics students connect electromagnetic phenomena with measurement techniques that are common to experimental physics and in electronics courses to demonstrate the use of a charge-sensitive amplifier (CSA). Construction of a similar detector would develop students’ basic machining and electronics skills, which are crucial in most undergraduate experimental physics opportunities. The detector is designed to nondestructively determine the velocity and charge of particles. The detector is compact (8.6 cm x 5.4 cm x 4.1 cm), simple, and lightweight. It is built with off-the-shelf components with simple machining, resulting in a low-cost (∼$100) detector that maintains the high sensitivity (0.2 fC) necessary for characterization of most hypervelocity dust particles, as well as a wide variety of other applications accessible to introductory-level physics students such as charged particles in a dust storm, pith balls, or charged raindrops. This paper focuses on both characterization of the detector using the accelerator at IMPACT and the basics of the undergraduate-level physics principles, electronics principles, mechanical design, and lab applications.

Distributed Mechanism Design With Learning Guarantees for Private and Public Goods Problems

Mechanism design for fully strategic agents typically assumes that agents broadcast their messages to a central authority that performs allocation and taxes/subsidizes agents. In addition, most of the designed mechanisms do not provide any guarantees that the Nash equilibrium (NE) will be reached asymptotically. Whenever such results are provided, they refer to convergence of specific predesigned learning dynamics and it is assumed that agents will follow such prescription. Both assumptions are an impediment in practical application of mechanism design in real-life allocation problems. In this article, we consider two common resource allocation problems: sharing $K$ infinitely divisible resources among strategic agents for their private consumption (private goods), and determining the level for an infinitely divisible public good with $P$ features, that is shared between strategic agents. For both cases, we present a distributed mechanism for a set of agents who communicate through a given network. In a distributed mechanism, agents’ messages are not broadcasted to all other agents as in the standard mechanism design framework, but are exchanged only in the local neighborhood of each agent. The presented mechanisms produce a unique NE, they fully implement the social welfare maximizing allocation, and are budget-balanced at NE. Subsequently, it is shown that the mechanisms induce a game with contractive best-response, leading to guaranteed convergence for all learning dynamics within the adaptive best-response dynamics class, including dynamics such as Cournot best-response, $k$ -period best-response, and Fictitious Play. While the abovementioned mechanisms have message dimensionality that grows quadratically with the number of agents, we show that if one is willing to forgo the strong convergence guarantees, it is possible to design a distributed mechanism with total message space dimensionality growing only linearly with the number of agents. Finally, we demonstrate the abovementioned results through a numerical study of convergence under repeated play, for various communication graphs and learning dynamics.

Management of mechanism design as an important way to improve public health

Abstract One of the most important developments of modern economics is the concept of economic mechanism design. Mechanism design is the study of economic mechanisms that produce behaviors in public health. The concept has profound implications for management. Management involves the effective use of mechanisms to change behavior. Public health managers must have a strong background in sociology and psychology, negotiation, finance, economics, organizational theory, and leadership. All managers work with limited resources. Managers must understand finance and economics: budgets, investment in the Health Care system, accountability, investment return, optimization, and decision analysis. This feature creates unique challenges for educating and supporting public health managers. To advance public health management as a profession we must apply the basics of mechanism design to its challenges. Leadership science provides a base for development of managers’ personal skills and attributes. Many graduate programs in business management and public administration deal with public health management. Accordingly, application of mechanism design (economic, social and others) in public health management can help managers become more effective. Mechanism design in public health management could provide an important way to improve health of the population.

Matroid Secretary Problems

We define a generalization of the classical secretary problem called the matroid secretary problem . In this problem, the elements of a matroid are presented to an online algorithm in uniformly random order. When an element arrives, the algorithm observes its value and must make an irrevocable decision whether or not to accept it. The accepted elements must form an independent set, and the objective is to maximize the combined value of these elements. We present an O (log k )-competitive algorithm for general matroids (where k is the rank of the matroid), and constant-competitive algorithms for several special cases including graphic matroids, truncated partition matroids, and bounded degree transversal matroids. We leave as an open question the existence of constant-competitive algorithms for general matroids. Our results have applications in welfare-maximizing online mechanism design for domains in which the sets of simultaneously satisfiable agents form a matroid.