Appliance Design Research Articles

Building Energy Time Series Data Mining for Behavior Analytics and Forecasting Energy consumption

The significant aim of this research has always been to evaluate the mechanism for efficient and inherently aware usage of vitality in-home devices, thus improving the information of smart metering systems with regard to the usage of selected homes and the time of use. Advances in information processing are commonly used to quantify gigantic building activity data steps to boost the activity efficiency of the building energy systems. Here, some smart data mining models are offered to measure, and predict the time series for energy in order to expose different ephemeral principles for using energy. Such considerations illustrate the use of machines in relation to time, such as day hour, time of day, week, month and year relationships within a family unit, which are key components in gathering and separating the effect of consumers behaviors in the use of energy and their pattern of energy prediction. It is necessary to determine the multiple relations through the usage of different appliances from simultaneous information flows. In comparison, specific relations among interval-based instances where multiple appliances use continue for certain duration are difficult to determine. In order to resolve these difficulties, an unsupervised energy time-series data clustering and a frequent pattern mining study as well as a deep learning technique for estimating energy use were presented. A broad test using true data sets that are rich in smart meter data were conducted. The exact results of the appliance designs that were recognized by the proposed model were filled out by Deep Convolutional Neural Networks (CNN) and Recurrent Neural Networks (LSTM and GRU) at each stage, with consolidated accuracy of 94.79%, 97.99%, 99.61%, for 25%, 50%, and 75%, respectively.

Does Appliance Design Affect Treatment Outcomes of Class II Division 1 Malocclusion? A Two-Center Retrospective Study.

ABSTRACTObjectivesThe purpose of this retrospective study was to compare the pre- and post-treatment values of patients treated with monoblock and twin-block appliances with the values of the skeletal Class I individuals.Material and MethodsThe initial lateral cephalometric radiographs of the pubertal untreated skeletal class I patients and cephalometric radiographs of 60 (30 monoblock, 30 twin-block) patients before and after the functional treatment were included in the study. Skeletal, dental, and soft tissue measurements were performed by a single researcher using Dolphin Imaging software version 11.95 (Dolphin Imaging, Chatsworth, CA, USA). Paired t-test was used for statistical evaluation and P < 0.05 was considered statistically significant.ResultsIn both monoblock and twin-block groups, there was a statistically significant increase in the measurements of the lower jaw and the vertical direction values (sella nasion B point (SNB), pogonion nasion perpendicular, Y-axis, sella nasion-gonion gnathion, palatal-mandibular angle, anterior facial height, mandibular length P < 0.05); however, in the Twin-block group, the lower jaw was found to be displaced more forward (change for twin-block; SNB = 2.35, Wits appraisal = -4.77). The most measurements of the twin-block treated group were similar to the control group.ConclusionsBoth functional appliances have been identified to be useful in achieving treatment targets; however, with twin-block, results closer to ideal values are obtained.

Occlusal appliance therapy: A review

Occlusal splint therapy is being employed for treatment of various systematic disorders. Less availability of scientific literature on devices is major hurdle behind its effective utilization for treatment planning and care.Therefore, appliance selection with accurate information is critical for proper use and quality of care.Treatment of patient with occlusal appliances is prominently reversible and responsible for proper care and symptoms management.Selection of appliance design for a particular patient depends on multitude of factors and proper understanding of physiologic and therapeutic effects is crux behind successful treatment planning and management.This review article briefly explains various occlusal appliances with their utilization and limitations along with working principle of appliances.

Implementation of Smart Mirror using Raspberry PI

Smart appliance design that includes multimedia intelligence to deliver comfortable, convenient, and secure personal services in the home is becoming increasingly crucial in the age of information and communication technology. This research looks at the design and execution of a novel interactive multimedia mirror system called as "smart mirror." The glass that will be used is the foundation of the design of a smart mirror. Two-way glass is suggested because it allows the visuals on the display to be seen more clearly. Our way of life has evolved to the point where making the best use of one's time is critical. Based on user surveys and prototype implementation, we propose the development of an innovative appliance that incorporates interactive information services delivered via a user interface on the surface of a mirror. Our work is based on the assumption that we all check ourselves in the mirror before leaving the house, so why shouldn't the mirror be intelligent? Smart Mirrors will eventually replace regular mirrors, providing users with both mirror and computer-assisted information services as technology improves. Because of the Raspberry Pi microcontroller cards aboard, the devices can connect to the internet, download data from the internet, and show that data on the mirror. Weather data, time and location data, current event data, and user data gathered from web services using a Raspberry Pi 3 microcontroller card are all included in the designed intelligent mirror system. The mirror will light up when the user steps in front of it. When thinking about this project, phrases like Smart Mirror, Interactive services, Raspberry Pi , and Web services come to mind.

440 A Multi-Center Preference study of a Novel Oral Appliance Design and Material

Abstract Introduction AASM guidelines for OAT advise sleep medicine physicians to consider patient preference when determining the treatment modality for mild and moderate OSA. This investigation evaluates patient preference for a novel OAT device in comparison with CPAP and other legacy OAT devices. Methods A novel OA (ProSomnus EVOTM, Pleasanton, CA) was manufactured from digital records of U/L impressions and bite registrations. 31 Patients (all with one or more legacy OAs and 20 previous CPAP users) across 7 dentists were surveyed regarding preferences of this novel OA using a 0–10 scale. Samples were analyzed for stainability by mustard at 37C for 10 days against representative predicates using colorimetry. Results Patient Survey 100% Preferred the novel OA over CPAP, would wear it and easier to clean and preferred over their previous appliance This novel OA was comfortable and smaller 9.3 Easier to close my lips together 8.8 Confident in device durability/will not break 9.1 No crowns were removed/damaged Dentists Survey 81% no adjustment interventions for fit at delivery, average adjustment time was 3.1 min. 100% Would prescribe this novel OA again and recommend to colleagues This novel OA was easier to deliver than other devices 9.1 Retention was just right at delivery 8.9 Would use this novel OA on wider range of patients 9.8 This monolithic novel OA would be easy to keep clean 9.8 Stain Testing in □E from Colorimetry Milled PMMA 3.06 Milled novel OA 3.20 CPAP Mask plastic 7.54 Milled PMMA w/soft Liner/Fulcrum Strap 8.27 CPAP Mask silicone 11.60 PMMA +Liner Anterior Hook 19.05 PMMA with Liner Herbst 32.05 Nylon/Airway 90.70 Nylon/Strap 96.99 Conclusion Patients preferred this novel OA over CPAP and all other devices similarly designed for comfortable easy fit and delivery (soft liners and printed nylon) without compromising the comfort, cleanability or strength. Liner-less milled devices outperform all other devices with less staining. Color stability from mustard was significantly better for the milled PMMA and this Novel OA materials than all other combinations Support (if any) None

Analyzing a Net Zero Energy Building (NZEB) in the Climate Zone of Australia

Buildings and Residential sectors are amongst the major energy consumers of Australia. But the maximum portion of the energy consumed by these buildings is lost due to construction, design, or use of appliances. A significant amount of energy can be saved through this sector, which will not only reduce energy demand, it would further remove a major load from the National Grid. This study assessed a building in the residential sector of Australia and proposed how the use of Passive, Active techniques and adoption of the NZEB concept can help save energy consumption of residential houses. Different techniques and their implementation in the building were performed through both qualitative and quantitative analysis. The results obtained from the study show the house load of the designed building, a solar system that can take up the entire load, its financial assessment, and how the use of energy-efficient appliances and the use of passive techniques can result in improvement of energy efficiency.

Digital Workflow for 3D Design and Additive Manufacturing of a New Miniscrew-Supported Appliance for Orthodontic Tooth Movement

The introduction of digital workflows and their combination with miniscrew assisted appliances has opened new and enthusiastic perspectives in modern orthodontics. However, in all digital workflows currently in use for orthodontic tooth movement, the miniscrews are inserted first in the maxillary bone, often by means of a surgical guide, and then the appliance is fabricated and secured over the miniscrews with different fixation mechanisms. By doing so, some adaptation problems can be encountered while securing the appliance over the miniscrews, and the chairside time required can therefore be significant. In the present study, we introduce a digital workflow for the design and fabrication of a new appliance, customized on the individual morphology of maxillary bone by using patient Cone Beam Computed Tomography CBCT, for sagittal and vertical orthodontic tooth movement (DIVA, divergent anchors). Differently from the existing protocols, the appliance is cemented first intraorally, serving as a surgical guide for the subsequent insertion of miniscrews. In this way, the adaptation problems are avoided and the chair-side time is reduced.

Numerical Investigation of the Impact of H2 Enrichment on Lean Biogas/Air Flames: An Analytical Modelling Approach

The transition from natural gas to renewable gases such as biogas and hydrogen creates an interchangeability challenge. The laminar flame speed SL is a critical parameter in appliance design as it is a unique characteristic of the flame mixture. It is thus essential to evaluate the impact of renewable gases on SL. In this work, 1D simulations were conducted in Cantera with the USC-Mech 2.0 kinetic mechanism. The SL of three base biogas blends (BG100, BG90 and BG80) was computed for H2 enrichment up to 50% in volume, equivalence ratio 0.8≤ϕ≤1.0, p=1 atm and Tu=298 K. It was found that the effect of H2 enrichment is higher for base blends with higher CO2 content as the thermal-diffusive and dilution effects of carbon dioxide are mitigated by hydrogen. The introduction of H2 also increases the H radical pool, which is linked with the increase in SL. A new correlation to model the impact of H2 enrichment, SL(xH2)=ζ(ϕ)/SL′(xCO2)xH2exH2+SL′(xCO2), is proposed, which exhibits good agreement with the literature data and simulations. This equation can be directly used to estimate SL without the need for a priori adaptations of fit parameters as the contributions of CO2 and H2 are isolated in independent variables.

Radiographic healing patterns after tooth-borne distraction in canine model.

BackgroundThe osteogenesis distraction technique applied to the craniofacial skeleton is an alternative treatment for dentofacial deformities. Despite the advantages of tooth-borne distractors, few studies have evaluated their clinical implementation in sagittal dentoskeletal deformities. This study aimed provide a radiographic assessment of the effect of two different activations of tooth-borne distraction in the lengthening of the mandible in canines. Material and MethodsTen male beagle dogs, approximately one year old, were used for this experimental study. Three remained as a control group and seven underwent a mandibular tooth-borne distraction protocol with single daily activation in one hemimandible and two daily activations in the other, during ten days. The consolidation period took 12 weeks. Occlusal radiographs were performed immediately pre- and postoperatively. ResultsAfter the distraction period, the host bone margins presented very well-defined outlines with regular contours. Concerning the consolidation period, between the second and fourth weeks, all hemimandibles showed small rectangular radiopaque regions with parallel orientation to the distraction axis. At the twelfth week, all hemimandibles presented an entire mineralization of the distraction gap with no axial deviations of the anterior and posterior host bone, nine of which with both margins showing corticalization. ConclusionsRadiographic analysis showed bone regeneration in order to achieve the original bone architecture, especially in the group of multiple distraction. Tooth-borne distraction allowed successful sagittal lengthening of the mandible in a canine model. Key words:Orthodontics, osteogenesis, distraction, mandibular advancement, orthodontic appliance design.

Evaluation of fixed mandibular retainer using 3D printed positioning tray versus direct bonding technique a Randomized Clinical trial

Objective: to compare the chairside time of fixed mandibular retainers when bonded using the conventional direct technique and the 3D printed positioning tray. Methods: A randomized clinical trial was performed using the two techniques to directly and indirectly bond the fixed lingual retainers, 20 subjects who in need of fixed retainers showing no signs of enamel defects or signs of gingival inflammation were recruited in this study. 20 retainers were bonded to the lower anterior teeth. Group I was the intervention group (3D positioning tray technique) and Group II was the comparative (the direct technique). In the intervention group, lower impression was taken and the cast produced was scanned using desktop scanner to produce the digital model on which the virtual retainer was placed using the OrthoAnalyzer software. The tray was designed by using Appliance Designer software and printed with rigid resin to allow ease of insertion and removal. The wire was placed inside the 3D positioning tray and then transferred inside the patients mouth the chairside time was recorded ,In the comparative group, same steps where done as intervention group, but with the exception of the bonding technique where the retainer was placed directly inside the patients mouth. Results: the Chairside time in group I (3D printed positioner) was (15:35 ± 0.03) minutes while in group II (Control) was (17:52 ± 0.05) minutes. Conclusion: The chairside time difference between the two bonding techniques was statistically significant, with the 3D positioning tray technique taking less chairside time than direct technique.

Clinical applications of miniscrews that broaden the scope of non-surgical orthodontic treatment.

Previously, in the case of malocclusion owing to skeletal discrepancy in adults, the amount of tooth movement was limited since there was no reliable skeletal anchorage device. The only way to treat this case was by repositioning the maxilla and mandible via orthognathic surgery, but most patients are reluctant to undergo surgery owing to the risk and expenses incurred. However, with the current introduction and use of miniscrews as temporary anchorage devices, the entire dental arch can be relocated to a target position without surgery, thus broadening the scope of non-surgical orthodontic treatment compared to the past. For a non-surgical approach to improve skeletal discrepancy, anteroposterior, vertical and transverse displacements of the dental arch are necessary. In this case, the localization of the centre of resistance of the whole arch must precede the appliance design with an appropriate biomechanical design. Especially, in the transverse dimension, the envelope of discrepancy is reportedly narrow, and the tooth movement must accompany the orthopaedic correction involving the midpalatal suture expansion. Recently, in adults with transverse maxillomandibular discrepancy, miniscrew-assisted rapid palatal expansion (MARPE) can be performed. Moreover, compared to surgically assisted rapid palatal expansion, MARPE reduces the cost to the patient and achieves clinically acceptable stable maxillary expansion. In this article, we will discuss the role of total arch movement and MARPE in widening the scope of non-surgical orthodontic treatment, despite the inherent limitations of miniscrews' mechanical aspects.

Comparison between Additive and Subtractive CAD-CAM Technique to Produce Orthognathic Surgical Splints: A Personalized Approach.

The present study aimed to evaluate the accuracy of digitally designed surgical splints generated with milling technology (material subtractive procedure) and with 3D printing technology (material additive procedure) through a customized approach in the planning of surgical orthognathic splints. Cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) examinations and scanned dental models of 10 subjects who had required surgical treatment of skeletal malocclusion were included. Simulation of the orthognathic surgery was performed according to dento-skeletal and aesthetic characteristics of the subjects and the visual treatment objective (VTO), using Dolphin3D software (Dolphin Imaging, version 11.0, Chatsworth, CA, USA). Afterward, the Appliance Designer software (3Shape A/S, Copenhagen, Denmark) was used to digitally design the surgical splints that were generated twice using laser stereolithography technology (DWS 0.29D, DWS, Vicenza, Italy) and milling technology (Sirona inLab MC X5). Finally, each physical splint was digitalized using a desktop scanner (D500 3D, 3Shape A/S, Copenhagen, Denmark) in order to perform deviation analysis using the original project as a reference. The relative percentage of matching (trueness) was calculated (Geomagic Control X software (3D Systems, version 2018.1.1, 3D Systems, Rock Hill, SC, USA). An Independent Student’s t-test was used to statistically analyze the data. The milled splints showed a lower value of root to mean square (RMS) relative to the original project (0.20 mm ± 0.018) compared to the prototyped splints (0.31 ± 0.021) (p < 0.001). According to the present findings, surgical splints generated with milling technology present higher trueness compared with 3D printing technology.

Current Trends in Orthodontics

The scope for orthodontics increases as recent innovative ideas becomes successfully demonstrated and applied. The emphasis nowadays in on the holistic correction of the face rather than the dentition. In the field of orthodontics new innovations have not only increased the efficiency of an orthodontist to produce better results but at the same time, reduced the treatment duration, thus positively influencing the patient compliance. So it seems a win-win state for both the orthodontist and the patient. New solutions for the old problems have resulted in advancements in orthodontic materials and their cascading effect on appliance design and treatment strategies. This article briefly embraces us about the recent trends being followed by an orthodontist to achieve better results in shorter duration.

Role of the consultant in restorative dentistry in managing head and neck cancer patients undergoing radiotherapy: a novel intraoral shield appliance design.

Oral cancer incidence is rising, with both the consequences of the disease and sequelae of treatment often having a significant impact on patient oral health and functionality. As a result, the restorative dentist has a key and varied role within the head and neck multidisciplinary team, from dental pre-assessments to complex oral rehabilitations following extensive surgical management. Radiotherapy is a key pillar of head and neck cancer treatment but also presents a particular set of issues for patients and their management by clinicians. Communication between all team members is vital to ensure optimal patient treatment, and ultimately led to the development of two novel intraoral shield appliances for dentate and edentulous patients to help combat some of these undesirable side effects.

Evaluation of pain intensity in patients treated with aligners and conventional fixed appliances: Randomized clinical trial.

This randomized clinical trial aimed to compare the pain intensity in patients treated with orthodontic aligners and conventional fixed appliances. This study was a randomized clinical trial. The sample comprised 39 patients randomly allocated into 2 groups: OA (orthodontic aligners, n=20) and FA (Fixed Appliance, n=19). The pain intensity was measured by the visual analogue scale (VAS) in the following periods: T0 (baseline), T1 (seven days after appliance placement) and seven days after each return on the first (T2), third (T3) and sixth (T4) months. The following variables were also investigated in the baseline: conditioned pain modulation, anxiety levels, hypervigilance and catastrophizing. The VAS measurements between groups were compared by the Mann-Whitney test. Comparisons between periods within each group were performed by the Friedman test. Data regarding catastrophizing and hypervigilance were compared by the t test. All tests were applied at a significance level of 5%, with 95% confidence interval. Both groups presented similar levels of anxiety, hypervigilance, catastrophizing and conditioned pain modulation. Both groups did not differ concerning the pain intensity in all periods. The intragroup evaluation revealed statistical differences between days in the FA group at all moments evaluated, for the OA group, similar findings between days were found for the T1 evaluation; however, at the 6-month period (T4), the pain levels varied over these days without statistical difference. Higher levels of pain were observed in the first seven days after appliance placement. The pain intensity, usually mild, was not influenced by the appliance design, although different patterns of reported pain seem to occur between groups.

Concept selection and interactive design of an orthodontic functional appliance

Demand for innovation represents a driver not only in the industrial field but also in niche markets such as orthodontics. Among different type of orthodontic devices, functional appliances are used for the correction of class II skeletal malocclusion, mostly in young patients. In a previous study based on a systematic design approach, several concepts were generated for this device. This work shortly introduces the concept selection and the interactive design process of the device. The concept consisting of two-side guiding surfaces, obtained by TRIZ inventive principles, has been selected by the decision matrix. This concept consists in guiding the jaw movements without any connections between the parts of the device. Operating on patient morphometrics parameters, the proposed approach allows to establish a virtual interaction during the design of the device by facilitating the collaboration between orthodontist, dental technician, designer and the software, through a dedicated user interface. Dedicated algorithms were also developed to simulate the occlusion correction and the mandible path, and to support the geometric modelling in a virtual environment. As a result, the proposed approach allows manufacturing patient-customized devices using a digital interactive workflow in an innovative way.

Exploring Product/Part Longevity in Open Design of Small Kitchen Appliances

Emerged at the intersection of open-source, do-it-yourself and maker movements, and blurring of the lines among users, designers and producers, open design suggests a continuous process of co-designing open to everyone and demonstrates opportunities for repair, reuse and upgrading through transparent processes and design sharing. While such opportunities are conceptualized in literature, how they can (or should) be reflected in design is an open question worth exploring. This paper presents an exploratory study on product/part longevity, personalization and reuse to find out the implications of open design for transforming an already established product category like small kitchen appliances. For this purpose, research through co-designing methodology was developed and utilized through two design workshops on practices shaped around small kitchen appliances. The study revealed sustainable design considerations for idea-generation, open part properties that respond to them, the strategies for iterating open designs and their implications for product/part longevity, personalization and reuse.

Randomized Trial of 2 Self-Titrated Oral Appliances for Airway Management

The effectiveness and predictability of 2 different oral appliance (OA) designs to reduce the respiratory event index (REI) in moderate and severe obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) patients requires elucidation. The primary aim of the trial was to determine if 2 widely used midline-traction and bilateral-thrust OA designs differ in effectiveness to reduce the REI within a single test population categorized by OSA severity. Moderate and severe adult OSA patients, who were previously prescribed continuous positive airway pressure therapy (CPAP) but were dissatisfied with it (n = 56), were studied by home-polygraphy in a randomized crossover trial using either midline-traction with restricted mouth opening (MR) or bilateral thrust with opening permitted (BP) design OAs. OAs were used nightly for 4 wk (T2) followed by a 1-wk washout period, then 4 wk (T4) using the alternate OA. REI and oxygen saturation (SaO2) were primary outcomes, while predictability and efficacy comparison of the 2 OAs were secondary outcomes. Thirty-six participants had used MR and BP OAs during both 4-wk study legs. Twenty (55.6%) MR OA-using participants, 25 (69.4%) BP OA-using participants, and 16 (44.4%) participants using both OAs had significant REI reductions. Overall baseline (T0) median REI (interquartile range) of 33.7 (20.7–54.9) was reduced to 18.0 (8.5–19.4) at T2 and to 12.5 (8.2–15.9) at T4 (P < 0.001). Comparison of the 2 sequence groups’ (MR-BP and BP-MR) REI showed the median differences between T0 and T2 and T4 were highly significant (P < 0.001). Regression analysis predicted about half of all users will have REIs between 8 and 16 after 2 mo. Baseline overjet measures >2.9 mm predicted greater OA advancement at T4. Mean and minimum SaO2 did not change significantly from T0 to T2 or T4. MR and BP OA designs similarly attenuated REI in moderate and severe OSA individuals who completed the 8-wk study protocol with greater REI reduction in those with severe OSA (ClinicalTrials.gov NCT03219034).

БАЗОВОЕ ИСПОЛНЕНИЕ РЕГУЛЯТОРА АВИАДВИГАТЕЛЯ И ЕГО МОДИФИКАЦИИ

It is shown that the creation of a unified electronic control and control equipment for aircraft gas turbine engines is one of the determining trends in the experimental design work of enterprises developing components of aircraft equipment. The results of the creation of some helicopter and aircraft engine controllers (turboshaft and turboprops) in JSC Element are presented. The basic model for them was the regulator RDC-450М (category A component product according to AP-21 classification), which was developed for the AI-450M family of turboshaft engines of Мi-2M and Mi-2MSB and in 2014 received the APPLIANCE DESIGN APPROVAL. There is given information concerning the mass-produced regulator RDTs-450M rework to meet the new requirements specified by the engine designer as the results of certification tests of the AI-450M engine and state tests of the Mi-2M and Mi-2MSB helicopters. It is shown that the rework was carried out taking into account the maximum possible “modifiability” of the regulator, which is the maximum ease of its adaptation in the future to new requirements, including requirements for working with other types of engines, including turboprops. The modular principle of constructing the functional structure and design of the regulator is described; its structural scheme is given. Data are given on the results of equivalent cyclic tests of the regulator RDTs-450M, which was modified to meet the new requirements, and on subsequent work on its adaptation to monitor and regulate the modes of turboprop aircraft engines AI-450C (including its modifications) and MS-500V-02S. Information is given on the newly developed regulators RDTs-450M-S, RDTs-450M-S-1, RDTs-450M-S-T-P, RDTs-450S-500, among which there is an engine regulator designed for an unmanned aerial vehicle. It is noted that the modular design assumes the presence of a significant number of board-to-board connections, and the prospects of increasing the reliability of regulator having a modular design by using the technology of flexible-rigid boards are described.

Deep overbite correction: Biomechanics and clinical implications

The goal of this paper is to describe and discuss the clinical use of intrusion mechanics during orthodontic therapy. The biomechanics of the classic segmented intrusion arch is explored along with modification of the appliance design to intrude and retract anterior teeth simultaneously. The advantages and limitations of intrusion mechanics are presented and the side effects analyzed to avoid undesired tooth movement and optimize clinical outcomes. The implications for the esthetic of the smile and the retention of intrusion are also discussed.