Appearance Of Women Research Articles

Women’s Rights, Education And The Appearance Of Women In The Field Of Literature During The Tanzimat And Second Constitutional Period Of Ottoman Empire

This article uncovers women’s rights, education, and the appearance of women in the field of literature during the Tanzimat and Second Constitutional Period of Ottoman Empire in Turkiye and the contribution of several writers and women poets. Working with correspondence, institutional and Social Science Index, and Google scholar publications, I show how women were provided with educational opportunities, and what legal and social regulations were done for women to be seen in the field of literature during the Tanzimat and Second Constitutional periods. I argue the activities of Poets and writers like Namik Kemal, and Semsettin Sami and Women poets Makbule Lem’an Hanim, Yasar Nezihe Bukulmez, Nigar Hanim, Ihsan Raif Hanim, and Sukufe Nihal for women to be seen in the field of literature. This article concludes that during the Tanzimat and Second Constitutional periods, women’s liberation was experienced in all aspects of life. Women poets pioneered the beginning of women’s poetry.

Stadt mit Jüdinnen: Antisemitism and Misogyny in Hans Karl Breslauer's Recently Restored Film Die Stadt ohne Juden (1924)

Abstract: Unlike Hugo Bettauer's 1922 novel, on which it is based, Hans Karl Breslauer's 1924 film Die Stadt ohne Juden features Jewish women. They appear as department store customers, mothers, wives, girlfriends, and synagogue congregants, yet they never engage in dialogue and, with but one exception, are always depicted together with men. Despite its inclusion of Jewish women, the film does little to disturb stereotypical representations of them, severely limiting its ability to challenge the powerful social structures that govern their representation. This article explores how additional scenes that appear in the restored 2018 version of this film address contemporary anxieties about Jewish women's and men's appearance, behavior, and ability to pass as non-Jews. That a film intended to oppose hatred of Jews ultimately cannot confront audiences with the absurdity of antisemitism reveals the limits of interwar films in transmitting critical messages.

The Effect of The New Media on Increasing Female Appearance Anxiety

With the development of new media, the term appearance anxiety has appeared in the eyes of the public. This paper will analyze women's appearance anxiety through the frequency of words used on the internet and analyze the consequences of appearance anxiety by analyzing the words that accompany appearance anxiety. According to studies, the number of women who are concerned about their beauty is growing. Women can become uneasy when they hear words that condemn their bodies. Capitalists use appearance worry to make money. According to the findings, women's beauty worry is increasing in the modern world due to the rapid development of new media. What people say on the internet stimulates women's appearance worry. Buzzwords create beauty trends that people want to follow. Furthermore, women are readily swayed by beauty worry into doing activities that are damaging to them. As a result, we must struggle against the definition of beauty. Rather than being defined by others, be the unique version of yourself.

‘An aid to loveliness’: lavender, femininity and the affective economy of English beauty

By considering the cultural production, placement, promotion and personalization of a fragrant aromatic, this article attempts to compile a historical geography of lavender and loveliness. The purpose of this experimental exercise is threefold. First, to examine the emergence of modern affective economies based around fashioning the self, directed at women's physical appearance and delineating desirable new standards of femininity. Second, to interrogate how the mid twentieth century beauty industry formulated the new concept of facial skincare in which ideas of a healthy complexion was complexly encoded with an aesthetic of whiteness. Third, to understand how the exercise of researching and writing such a sensory history is a means to address the challenges which non-representational theory has raised for scholarship in historical geography. Empirically, the article focuses on the operations of the House of Yardley, one of London's oldest perfumeries and beauty companies, and its foremost perfumier-cosmetician of the modern era, W.A. Poucher. To explore how the scent of lavender was deployed in markets globally, promoting a selectively English version of loveliness, it travels to various points along the supply line between the fragrant flower and female face.

The Exploitation of Women's Body and Sensuality: The Attraction of Newspaper Movie Advertisements in Local Daily Newspapers

Newspaper advertising experienced a significant increase in the 1970s. During that period, three local daily newspapers were established in Medan, namely: Waspada, Sinar Indonesia Baru, and dan Analisa. These newspapers displayed various advertisements in their publications; one of which was the advertisement to promote the film that would be shown in theaters at that time. In promoting films through these advertisements, many producers women as a means of promotion. Women seemed to have their magnet to attract the audience's interest. This journal explains how the women’s representation in the local daily newspaper advertisements in Medan in the 1970s, and how the exploitation of women’s bodies and sexual attractiveness in the advertisements for the promotion of the film was related to global discourse, especially in terms of women's appearance. The four stages of historical methods are applied to conduct the research, namely heuristics, verification, interpretation, and historiography. The results of the research show that advertising producers often showcased pictures of beautiful and sexy women and even displayed vulgar words to attract the audience's interest which didn’t represent the storyline of the film itself.

Women's body dissatisfaction, physical appearance comparisons, and Instagram use throughout the COVID-19 pandemic: A longitudinal study.

This study aimed to determine the evolution of Instagram use, body dissatisfaction and physical appearance comparisons throughout the coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, and to explore whether there was a relationship between the changes in Instagram use throughout the pandemic and body dissatisfaction and physical appearance comparisons. A total of 272 Spanish women (16-70 years old) were followed-up across four waves of assessment between November 2019 (before the pandemic started) and July 2021. Body dissatisfaction, social appearance comparisons, and Instagram use were assessed using the Eating Disorders Inventory-3, the Physical Appearance Comparison Scale-Revised, and an ad hoc questionnaire for Instagram use, respectively. No statistically significant changes were found in the frequency of Instagram use, nor on the proportion of women following appearance-focused accounts on Instagram, among the data collection periods. Body dissatisfaction significantly increased from T1 to T4, and physical appearance comparisons significantly increased from T1 to T2, T3, and T4. These increases were not found to be significant for those with eating disorder risk. No significant differences were found in body dissatisfaction and physical appearance comparisons depending on whether participants' frequency of Instagram use had changed or remained the same, or whether they had started/stopped/continued following appearance-focused accounts on Instagram during the pandemic. Women's body dissatisfaction and physical appearance comparisons seem to have increased throughout the pandemic. The experiences of individuals with eating disorder risk throughout the pandemic, and the relationship between the pandemic and Instagram use, might be complex and need further research. This study suggests that women's body dissatisfaction and physical appearance comparisons have increased throughout the COVID-19 pandemic. However, this increase might not be as clear for those who had eating disorder risk before the pandemic. Instagram frequency of use, and the percentage of women following appearance-focused accounts on Instagram, do not seem to have significantly increased. More research is needed to explore the impact of the pandemic.

The Exploitation of Women's Body and Sensuality: The Attraction of Newspaper Movie Advertisements in The Local Daily Newspapers (Waspada, Sinar Indonesia Baru, and Analisa) in Medan in the 1970s

Newspaper advertising experienced a significant increase in the 1970s. During that period, three local daily newspapers were established in Medan: Waspada, Sinar Indonesia Baru, and Analisa. These newspapers displayed various advertisements in their publications, one of which was the advertisement to promote the film that would be shown in theaters at that time. In promoting films through these advertisements, many producers use women as a means of promotion. Women have their magnet to attract the audience's interest. This journal explains how women’s representation in the local daily newspaper advertisements in Medan in the 1970s and how the exploitation of women’s bodies and sexual attractiveness in the advertisements for the film's promotion was related to global discourse, especially in terms of women's appearance. The four stages of historical methods are applied to conduct the research: heuristics, verification, interpretation, and historiography. The research results show that advertising producers often showcased pictures of beautiful and sexy women and even displayed vulgar words to attract the audience's interest which didn't represent the storyline of the film itself.

“Africa's First Woman Press Photographer”: Mabel Cetu's Photographs in Zonk!

“Africa's First Woman Press Photographer”: Mabel Cetu's Photographs in <i>Zonk!</i>

“This Is What's Real”: The Pathology of Black Addiction in the Hood Films of the 1990s

“This Is What's Real”: The Pathology of Black Addiction in the Hood Films of the 1990s

Just Say “No” to Compulsory Hijab: Exploring the Motivations and Meanings ofBad-Hijabiin Iran

Hijab is mandatory for every woman in Iran. However, while some women adhere to the strict guidelines and cover their hair and body when in public, others wear hijab only to the extent that they avoid breaking the law, a practice known as bad-hijabi. Recent studies have explored Iranian women's willingness to protest hijab through their social media activities. However, few studies have examined bad-hijabi as another form of resistance. The purpose of this study was to explore the topic of bad-hijabi from the perspective of women who have worn badhijabi. In-depth interviews were conducted with twenty Iranian women and a thematic interpretation of the data revealed that they use badhijabi to compensate for the inability to freely express the self through appearance, as well as to dissociate from messages communicated by hijab. Further research is needed on how bad-hijabi impacts the complex meanings communicated by women's appearance in Iran.

Female Stereotypes in Cinderella’s Reconstructed Stories

This study aims to find out female stereotypes depicted in the reconstructed stories of Cinderella in the children's storybook entitled Ketika Rapunzel Menjadi Rapinem (KRMP). These stories are mainly inspired by the classic fairy tale of Cinderella, which is then reconstructed through the archetype process. It is essential to study the stories due to the prevalent issue of female stereotypes. Women’s conditions in such reconstructed works certainly bring a perspective, especially the depiction of women, as existing social reflections. The study uses a qualitative descriptive method to support the goal. The data collection uses a purposive sampling technique by conducting in-depth readings on the reconstruction of Cinderella stories, representing women's stereotypes. The data is analysed using the feminism theory. As a result, the stories clearly and consistently define the stereotypes of women from their physical appearances, personality traits, domestic roles, and occupations. In this case, women's portrayal in the reconstructed versions openly continues to glorify physical beauty as a standard for women's appearance; on the other hand, they should also maintain femininity and do domestic works as housewives or caregivers.

The Effects of Sociocultural Factors on the Appearance of Women in Their 20s in China on Beauty Interests

This study uses demographic methods to understand Chinese women in 20s’ beauty concerns. Mainly focus on the impact about five following 5 socio-cultural factors of beauty concerns includes media beauty interest, beauty consciousness, friend beauty tendency, cultural living standards, and dependence on others. In the survey, Chinese women in their 20s will be asked about the impact on sociocultural factors of beauty interests. The study conducted a total of 350 women in 30 cities across China, including large cities, metropolitan cities, secondary cities, small cities and prefectural cities. Excluding 41 unfaithful or missing responses, 301 surveys were used as final analysis. The survey results are categorized according to general characteristics and socio-cultural factors in appearance. In general characteristics, people in their 20s were divided into three groups (20-23 years old, 24-26 years old, 27-29 years old) to surveyed on their final educational background, direct, poor areas, and monthly living expenses. Also, the socio-cultural factors of appearance were divided into five categories including media appearance, beauty awareness, friend beauty tendency, cultural living standards and dependence on others. Their beauty concerns are mainly focused on hair beauty, face beauty, nail beauty, and skin care. Investigating the above content, “the difference between interest in beauty based on general characteristics”, “the relationship between social cultural factors of appearance and interest in beauty”, and “the influence of socio-cultural factors on appearance” were identified as research questions.

Effect of Age on Satisfaction with Facial Appearance in Women Based on the FACE-Q Questionnaire in a Dutch Normative Population.

Effect of Age on Satisfaction with Facial Appearance in Women Based on the FACE-Q Questionnaire in a Dutch Normative Population.

The Influence of Female Leadership Towards Performance: Evidence from Western European Financial Firms

Does the appearance of women at the executive position in the boardroom make any differences in firm performance, especially in the financial sector which is well-known to be a male dominated sector? Inspired by that question, our study aims to explore the influence of female leadership in firm performance. We investigate this relationship from a comprehensive dataset comprising of 310 listed financial institutions from 21 Western European countries. The endogeneity concerns were removed using a Two stage approach least square (2SLS) and Generalized method of moments (GMM). Critically, we demonstrated that women's appearance at alternative managerial levels, including the chairperson, executive, and total female directors in the boardroom, negatively influences both firm accounting and market-based performance. We further explore that the percentage of women in the boardroom (excepting non-executive female directors) has a negative impact on performance only in low-performing firms. Our findings argue with previous studies which encouraged more involvement of women at higher managerial levels. We believe that women's unique characteristics are addressed to alleviate interest behavior, but they tend to reduce the performance of financial firms.

Using 26,000 diary entries to show ovulatory changes in sexual desire and behavior.

[Correction Notice: An Erratum for this article was reported online in Journal of Personality and Social Psychology on Jun 3 2019 (see record 2019-34417-001). In the original article the number of participants available for robustness checks should have been 1,054, not 1,043; this applies to the third sentence in the abstract, the first sentence of the second paragraph in the Participants section, the first sentence of the second paragraph in the Robustness Checks section, and the subsample size of women in Table 3. The correct number of naturally cycling usable data should have been 429, not 421. The correct number of diary days should have been 26,680, not 25,948. The correct percentage of diary days in the fourth sentence in the Exclusion Criteria section should have been 5%. Figure 1 should have included guessing hypotheses (n 40) and long diary interruptions (n 41) as further reasons for exclusion, and an error in the effsize R package led to the reporting of inflated effect sizes for the differences between hormonal contraceptive users and non-users in Table 1. Figure 1, Table 1, and Table 3 have been corrected. All versions of this article have been corrected.] Previous research reported ovulatory changes in women's appearance, mate preferences, extra- and in-pair sexual desire, and behavior, but has been criticized for small sample sizes, inappropriate designs, and undisclosed flexibility in analyses. In the present study, we sought to address these criticisms by preregistering our hypotheses and analysis plan and by collecting a large diary sample. We gathered more than 26,000 usable online self-reports in a diary format from 1,054 women, of which 429 were naturally cycling. We inferred the fertile period from menstrual onset reports. We used hormonal contraceptive users as a quasi-control group, as they experience menstruation, but not ovulation. We probed our results for robustness to different approaches (including different fertility estimates, different exclusion criteria, adjusting for potential confounds, moderation by methodological factors). We found robust evidence supporting previously reported ovulatory increases in extra-pair desire and behavior, in-pair desire, and self-perceived desirability, as well as no unexpected associations. Yet, we did not find predicted effects on partner mate retention behavior, clothing choices, or narcissism. Contrary to some of the earlier literature, partners' sexual attractiveness did not moderate the cycle shifts. Taken together, the replicability of the existing literature on ovulatory changes was mixed. We conclude with simulation-based recommendations for reading the past literature and for designing future large-scale preregistered within-subject studies to understand ovulatory cycle changes and the effects of hormonal contraception. Interindividual differences in the size of ovulatory changes emerge as an important area for further study. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2021 APA, all rights reserved).

'What a kitty!': Women’s physical appearance and animal metaphors in Montenegro

Animals present a common source of metaphors conceptualising humanity, and, consequently, women. The aim of this paper is to explore how women's physical appearance is conceptualised through animal metaphors in Montenegrin webpages (the. me domain). We find that women's looks are most often likened to those of a cat (kitten, kitty), fish, mare, snake, tigress, and duck. The choice of an animal that a woman is compared to and the associated characteristics reflect entrenched cultural views which prioritise women's physical appearance. By comparing our results to those from the scholarly literature, we also conclude that the choice of some metaphors may be culturally specific to Montenegro and/or perhaps the wider Western Balkan region.

QUANTITATIVE MEASUREMENTS OF THE ATTITUDE AND INFLUENCE OF AESTHETIC MODIFICATION OF THE APPEARANCE, ON THE EXAMPLE OF A MODERN RESIDENT OF ALMATY

Beautiful appearance has proven its value in most countries and in many markets around the world, and today any appearance that does not “live up to” the standard of modern beauty can be improved with the help of plastic (aesthetic) surgery. In the realities of Kazakhstani society, the pattern of public authority of a beautiful (attractive) woman's appearance has not been investigated today in modern sociological sources. Has no complete theoretical and empirical consideration. Great influence on women and form the idea of an ideal appearance.

“We have tiny purses in our vaginas!!! #thanksforthat”: absurdity as a feminist method of intervention

PurposeAccording to thesaurus definitions, the absurd translates as “ridiculously unreasonable, unsound, or incongruous”; “extremely silly; not logical and sensible”. As further indicated in the Latin root absurdus, “out of tune, uncouth, inappropriate, ridiculous,” humor in absurd registers plays with that which is out of harmony with both reason and decency. In this article, the authors make an argument for the absurd as a feminist method for tackling heterosexism.Design/methodology/approachBy focusing on the Twitter account “Men Write Women” (est. 2019), the rationale of which is to share literary excerpts from male authors describing women's experiences, thoughts and appearances, and which regularly broadens into social theater in the user reactions, the study explores the critical value of absurdity in feminist social media tactics.FindingsThe study proposes the absurd as a means of not merely turning things around, or inside out, but disrupting and eschewing the hegemonic logic on offer. While both absurd humor and feminist activism may begin from a site of reactivity and negative evaluation, it need not remain confined to it. Rather, by turning things preposterous, ludicrous and inappropriate, absurd laughter ends up somewhere different. The feminist value of absurd humor has to do with both its critical edge and with the affective lifts and spaces of ambiguity that it allows for.Originality/valueResearch on digital feminist activism has largely focused on the affective dynamics of anger. As there are multiple affective responses to sexism, our article foregrounds laughter and ambivalence as a means of claiming space differently in online cultures rife with hate, sexism and misogyny.

Visual ageism and the subtle sexualisation of older celebrities in L'Oréal's advert campaigns: a Multimodal Critical Discourse Analysis

AbstractThis study focuses on the recent increase in the use of older celebrities in cosmetics advertising. It asks what kinds of ideas and values these images may attribute to discourses of ageing. Drawing on a Multimodal Critical Discourse Analysis (MCDA) perspective, this study focuses on L'Oréal UK and Ireland Web advertisements, examining how these advertisements use older celebrities to redefine/reposition ageing and exploring how they relate to the notion of ‘successful ageing’. In these advertisements, using cosmetics is presented as a positive, empowering choice. The advertisements simultaneously promote new discourses about ageing in which older women's sexuality is presented as a form of power. However, the analysis shows that the underlying discourse pathologises ageing and presents ageing as something which can be evaded through the consumption of cosmetics. It thus turns ageing into a choice, but one where the ‘right choice’ aligns with neo-liberal ideas about ageing well. For women, decision-making about ageing seems to be a never-ending process that requires constant construction, promoted through the older celebrity's sexualisation. Women are expected to always look good and present the best versions of themselves, even at the latest stages of life, which reproduces and legitimises sexist and ageist expectations about women's appearances, including the expectations that for older women to remain visible and attractive, they must hide outward signs of ageing.

Jealousy Mediates the Link Between Women's Upward Physical Appearance Comparison and Mate Retention Behavior.

Previous research has demonstrated that men's lower mate value predicts increased perpetration of mate retention, especially with respect to cost inflicting behaviors. It is less clear if lower mate value women, including those who perceive themselves as being less physically attractive than their intrasexual rivals, also perpetrate more mate retention. Moreover, it is presently unclear whether romantic jealousy, which has been proposed to motivate compensatory behavior in response to evidence that a valued mating relationship is threatened, might mediate this link. The present study addressed this gap in knowledge by examining whether women's overall self-perceived mate value and upward physical appearance comparisons predicted their cost inflicting and benefit provisioning mate retention, as well as whether jealousy mediated these relationships. In a sample of 167 heterosexual undergraduate women, results found self-perceived mate value predicted greater benefit provisioning mate retention, but not romantic jealousy. In contrast, jealousy mediated the relationship between women's upward physical appearance comparisons and both their cost-inflicting and benefit-provisioning mate retention, supporting the hypothesis that jealousy in the face of unfavorable social comparisons on important mate value traits can promote action aimed at retaining a mate.