Biomarkers have become powerful tools for dis ease diagnosis, estimation of disease prognosis and response to specific treatments. For neuro degenerative disorders, such as Alzheimer’s dis ease (AD), frontotemporal dementia, Parkinson’s disease (PD) with dementia (PDD) or dementia with Lewy bodies (DLB), their use is of special importance because these diseases are hetero geneous and show partially overlapping features. Neuropathological changes start to appear long before the disease becomes symptomatic. These changes, including neuron and synaptic loss, the formation of toxic protein oligomers and inclu sion bodies, can be observed only histopatho logically postmortem, making correct clinical diagnosis difficult. Nevertheless, treatments spe cifically indicated for each of these disorders can be applied only after precise clinical diagnosis and, for this purpose, diagnostic biomarkers are required. Important advances in the search for biomarkers include the discovery of CSF bio markers for AD and PD [1,2], the implementation of amyloid [3] and dopamine transporter imaging [4] techniques, and the description of the ApoE-e4 allele as a possible genetic marker for response to immunotherapy [5]. Although genetic research has seen spectacular advances during recent years and some new risk factors have been established, only the ApoE-e4 allele has been confirmed as a biomarker for outcome monitoring. However, the advantage of genetic biomarkers is their use by noninvasive, inexpensive and easytoperform methodologies. Furthermore, a main goal of biomarker search in neurodegenerative disorders is the discovery of early diagnostic markers, which even before the appearance of first symptoms permit the applica tion of specific treatments to brake the progres sion of diseasespecific changes and to prevent disease onset [6,7]. Importance of biomarker discovery for the diagnosis of DLB DLB is a common form of dementia and the second most frequent cause of dementia after AD. It is very heterogeneous and shows over lapping features with both AD as well as PDD. However, DLB has a more malignant disease course and is more complicated to manage than AD. In 2008 Aarsland and colleagues asked two main questions with answers that underline the need of specific DLB markers [8]: