Apparent Pore Research Articles

Sustainability Assessment after Twenty Years of Sewage Sludge Application on Calcareous Soil Following N or P Criterion

Sewage sludge is a valuable source of nutrients when applied to the soil. Research on its agricultural use has been focused on chemical parameters to prevent heavy metal buildup. However, soil quality includes a wider spectrum of indicators. Our aim was to evaluate the impacts of sludge application on the biological and physical soil properties of calcareous soil when sludge is applied in maize monoculture using fertilization dosage criteria determined by N input or soil P thresholds. A control based on mineral fertilization was also included. After 20 years, no differences were found in the biological indicators: earthworm and soil oribatid mite abundances. Five oribatid species were identified, but three predominated: Acrotritia ardua americana, Oribatula (Zygoribatula) excavata and Tectocepheus sarekensis. The latter two showed a maximum number of individuals five months after maize stalks were buried in soil, independent of fertilization treatment. Sludge significantly increased water-stable aggregates (up to 30%), but there was no difference in macroporosity (apparent pore diameter > 30 μm). Under irrigated calcareous soil, sewage sludge applied as fertilizer is a sustainable option, independent of the threshold criterion (N or P) used. Nevertheless, as the P threshold criterion allows for reduced P inputs, it is more sustainable over the long term.

Cadmium oxide nanoparticles doped with nickel and silver: Photocatalytic activity for environmental remediation

In this work, we used a co-precipitation approach to create CdO nanoparticles that were co-doped with nickel (Ni) and silver (Ag). X-ray diffraction (XRD) and field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM) were employed to assess the structural attributes of the nanoparticles that were synthesized. Co-doping with Ni and Ag resulted in a steady rise in nanoparticle crystallite size, increasing from 20.97 nm to 32.16 nm. Following the co-doping procedure, FESEM pictures demonstrated a morphological shift from tiny, rock-like formations in pure CdO to bigger rock-like structures. Energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX) was utilised to explore the compositional characteristics of Ni and Ag-doped CdO nanoparticles. The existence of particles’ agglomerations was observed, which may have limited the real surface area available for gas adsorption and resulted in smaller apparent pore sizes in the Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET) investigation. Diffused Reflectance Spectroscopy (DRS) revealed a decline in the band gap from 2.45eV to 2.30eV, which was most likely caused by structural changes caused by cadmium ion replacement or the occupancy of interstitial spaces within the lattice by nickel and silver ions. The chemical and electronic states of the atoms were assessed using X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), which examined the formation of defects in the form of oxygen vacancies, which contributed to accelerated photocatalytic performance. The deterioration of Crystal Violet (CV) dye during sunlight exposure utilising co-doped CdO nanoparticles vs pristine CdO is being evaluated in the evaluation of photocatalytic activity. Notably, co-doped nanoparticles improved photocatalytic activity significantly, with CV degradation reaching up to 95 % within 180 min of exposure. The potential of Ni and Ag impregnated CdO nanoparticles as effective photocatalysts for environmental remediation applications is highlighted in this study.

Improved water vapor corrosion resistance of SiC bricks via in situ formation of microporous Yb2Si2O7 bonding phase

AbstractSiC‐based lining refractories used in incinerators faced serious hot water vapor corrosion. The pores in SiC‐based refractories played a crucial role in corrosion resistance because both the penetration of water vapor and the expulsion of corrosion products depended on diffusion channels provided by pores. The in situ microporous Yb2Si2O7 bonding phase formed in the SiC bricks after sintering at 1550°C under air atmosphere, which simultaneously decreased the apparent porosity and pore size. The optimization of pore structures reduced the permeability to gases of SiC bricks by 37.5%, which prevented the penetration of hot water vapor into SiC bricks. The microporous Yb2Si2O7‐bonded SiC bricks presented only .15% permanent linear change and showed good thermal shock resistance after corrosion at 1000°C for 100 h under hot water vapor atmosphere. Some SiC particles in the refractories could be adopted as high‐temperature pore‐forming agents; the gaseous oxidation products of SiC bricks, including SiO(g) and CO(g), contributed to the generation of microporous Yb2Si2O7 (pore size ≤5 μm) and SiC whiskers during sintering, which obviously improved mechanical properties and water vapor corrosion resistance of SiC bricks.

Relationships Between Defectivity and Porosity in High Surface Area Porous Aromatic Frameworks.

Porous aromatic framework (PAF) microporosity is known to be strongly dependent on synthetic approach but little is known about why certain reactions yield significantly and consistently more porous PAFs. This article explores the connections between synthetic pathway, PAF defectivity, and microporosity. Using a network disassembly strategy, we show that defectivity is highly dependent on synthetic approach and that more defective PAFs are associated with lower surface areas and pore volumes. This empirical association is corroborated through systematic introduction of defects to a modelPAF, which results in significant reduction of apparent surface area and pore volumes. Taken together, these data suggest that only highly efficient coupling reactions should be targeted for the synthesis of ultra-high surface area porous aromatic frameworks.

Relationships Between Defectivity and Porosity in High Surface Area Porous Aromatic Frameworks**

AbstractPorous aromatic framework (PAF) microporosity is known to be strongly dependent on synthetic approach but little is known about why certain reactions yield significantly and consistently more porous PAFs. This article explores the connections between synthetic pathway, PAF defectivity, and microporosity. Using a network disassembly strategy, we show that defectivity is highly dependent on synthetic approach and that more defective PAFs are associated with lower surface areas and pore volumes. This empirical association is corroborated through systematic introduction of defects to a modelPAF, which results in significant reduction of apparent surface area and pore volumes. Taken together, these data suggest that only highly efficient coupling reactions should be targeted for the synthesis of ultra‐high surface area porous aromatic frameworks.

An NMR-Based Procedure for Evaluating the Apparent Surface Relaxivity and Pore Size Distribution of Soils

An NMR-Based Procedure for Evaluating the Apparent Surface Relaxivity and Pore Size Distribution of Soils

Effect of structural characteristics on functional properties of textured vegetable proteins

Meat analogues are predominantly composed of a pre-structured form of protein called textured vegetable protein (TVP) that is designed to mimic the fibrous structure of animal muscle meat. Limited information is available regarding the link between structural characteristics of TVPs and their functional properties. This study investigated the relationships between the structural characteristics of commercial TVPs and (a) their rehydration behaviour, as well as (b) the mechanical properties and serum release (cooking loss and expressible liquid) of patties prepared from these TVPs. The micro- and macrostructural features of thirteen commercial TVPs were quantified using X-ray microtomography. Apparent density (205–1042 kg m−3), porosity (27.1–80.9%), pore size (251–4790 μm), wall thickness (108–657 μm), and wall density (597–1515 kg m−3) varied largely across samples. In the early stages of water absorption, thicker walls promoted the absorption of larger volumes of water. In contrast, the maximum water absorption capacity as well as water holding capacity were higher for TVPs with thinner walls and higher porosity, highlighting the impact of structural features of TVPs on water absorption during rehydration. Significant positive correlations between cooking loss and expressible liquid indicated that patties with higher serum release during cooking also tended to release more during compression. TVPs with thicker walls resulted in stiffer patty batters, and TVPs with smaller pores resulted in stiffer grilled patties. We conclude that the structural characteristics of TVPs influence their rehydration behaviour and various functional properties of patties made with them.

The Influence of Reduced Graphene Oxide on the Texture and Chemistry of N,S-Doped Porous Carbon. Implications for Electrocatalytic and Energy Storage Applications.

In this work, we study the influence of reduced graphene oxide (rGO) on the morphology and chemistry of highly porous N,S-doped carbon cryogels. Simultaneously, we propose an easily upscalable route to prepare such carbons by adding graphene oxide (GO) in as-received suspended form to the aqueous solution of the ι-carrageenan and urea precursors. First, 1.25-5 wt% GO was incorporated into the dual-doped polymer matrix. The CO2, CO, and H2O emitted during the thermal treatments resulted in the multifaceted modification of the textural and chemical properties of the porous carbon. This facilitated the formation of micropores through self-activation and resulted in a substantial increase in the apparent surface area (up to 1780 m2/g) and pore volume (up to 1.72 cm3/g). However, adding 5 wt% GO led to overactivation. The incorporated rGO has an ordering effect on the carbon matrix. The evolving oxidative species influence the surface chemistry in a complex way, but sufficient N and S atoms (ca. 4 and >1 at%, respectively) were preserved in addition to the large number of developing defects. Despite the complexity of the textural and chemical changes, rGO increased the electrical conductivity monotonically. In alkaline oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) tests, the sample with 1.25 wt% GO exhibited a 4e- mechanism and reasonable stability, but a higher rGO content gradually compromised the performance of the electrodes. The sample containing 5 wt% GO was the most sensitive under oxidative conditions, but after stabilization it exhibited the highest gravimetric capacitance. In Li-ion battery tests, the coulombic efficiency of all the samples was consistently above 98%, indicating the high potential of these carbons for efficient Li-ion insertion and reinsertion during the charge-discharge process, thereby providing a promising alternative for graphite-based anodes. The cell from the 1.25 wt% GO sample showed an initial discharge capacity of 313 mAh/g, 95.1% capacity retention, and 99.3% coulombic efficiency after 50 charge-discharge cycles.

An Apparent Permeability Model in Organic Shales: Coupling Multiple Flow Mechanisms and Factors.

It is of great significance to study shale apparent permeability under the action of multiple flow mechanisms and factors because shale reservoirs possess complex pore structures and flow mechanisms. In this study, the confinement effect was considered, with the thermodynamic properties of gas being modified, and the law relating to the conservation of energy adopted to characterize bulk gas transport velocity. On this basis, the dynamic change of pore size was assessed, from which shale apparent permeability model was derived. The new model was verified by three steps: experimental and molecular simulation results of rarefied gas transport, shale laboratory data, and comparison with different models. The results revealed that, under the conditions of low pressure and small pore size, the microscale effects became obvious, which significantly improved gas permeability. Through comparisons, the effects of surface diffusion and matrix shrinkage, including the real gas effect, were obvious in the smaller pore sizes; nevertheless, the stress sensitivity effect was stronger in larger pore sizes. In addition, shale apparent permeability and pore size decreased with an increase in permeability material constant and increased with increasing porosity material constant, including internal swelling coefficient. The permeability material constant had the greatest effect on gas transport behavior in nanopores, followed by the porosity material constant; however, the internal swelling coefficient had the least effect. The results of this paper will be important for the prediction and numerical simulation of apparent permeability relating to shale reservoirs.

Multi-scale relationship between coke gasification kinetics and its microstructure evolution in the blast furnace

There is a precise theoretical correspondence between the microscopic chemistry and physical structure of coke and its apparent rate constantkreaand pore diffusion coefficientDeffof carbon loss process, and a certain precise mathematical relationship betweenkrea/Deffand the degradation gradient or degradation behavior of coke in blast furnace should exist. This is the key basis for predicting and evaluating coke degradation behavior in blast furnace through coke microstructure. In this work, the evolution relationship between the chemical and physical structure of coke and the macroscopic kinetic parameterskrea,Deffwas studied by gasification experiment of coke with different particle sizes. The results show that with the deepening of coke solution loss, minerals gradually precipitate on the surface of coke, and play a catalytic role in the process of solution loss, resulting in a decrease in activation energy and an increase inkrea. At this point, the micropores in coke expand and merge into mesopores and macropores, the diffusion path of CO2molecule decreases, the diffusion activation energy decreases, andDeffincreases gradually. In the middle and late period of solution loss, the active components in coke are consumed and the ash in coke is precipitated, which increases the activation energy and decreases thekrea. Moreover, the number of macropores in coke is further increased, and the tortuous degree of porous structure is greatly reduced, which leads to the decrease of diffusion activation energy and the increase ofDeff.krea/Deffrepresents the gradient reaction ability of coke on the macro level. The higher thekrea/Deffvalue, the greater the reaction gradient of coke under the same conditions, which further affects the degradation gradient and degradation behavior of coke in the blast furnace.

A new strategy to synthesis of porous polymers from plastic waste for highly efficient adsorption of rhodamine B, malachite green and I2 vapor

Plastic waste has been becoming a severe environmental issue. Developing low-cost and facile strategy to converse them into the high value-added materials for remediation of ecosystem is a big challenge. In this manuscript, Polystyrene foam waste (PSF) was employed as starting material to react with the different mass ratio of cyanuric chloride (CC) to synthesize a series of hyper-cross-linked polymers (HPPCs). HPPCs were porous polymers and mainly composed of micro-pores and meso-pores. Their apparent surface areas (SBET) and pore volumes were in range of 622.9 ± 11 and 719.2 ± 15 m2 g−1, 0.87 and 1.01 cm3 g−1, respectively. The SBET and pore volume could be tuned by the mass ratio of PSF and CC. Adsorption experiments revealed that HPPC-3 showed high adsorption quantities of rhodamine B (RhB) and malachite green (MG) with the maximum adsorption capacities of 2354.0 ± 60.8 and 1331.9 ± 30.6 mg g−1, respectively. The adsorption isotherm and kinetics data suggested that the adsorption behaviors of RhB and MG on HPPC-3 followed the Langmuir models and pseudo-second-order models. Additionally, HPPC-3 displayed high adsorption capacity of iodine vapor up to 188 ± 3.2 wt%. Therefore, this work suggested a new approach for converting plastic waste into the promising adsorbent for removal of dyes and radioactive iodine vapor from contaminated ecosystem.

Dynamic compressive characteristics and damage constitutive model of coral reef limestone with different cementation degrees

Reef limestone has a heterogeneous, anisotropic, porous structure. According to apparent pore characteristics, shallow reef limestone can be divided into four types: weakly-cemented porous (WP), strongly-cemented porous (P), weakly-cemented dense (WD), and strongly-cemented dense (D) types. On this basis, physical properties including the density porosity, and longitudinal wave velocity of each type of reef limestone and their intrinsic correlations were measured and discussed. The quasi-static and dynamic compression tests were conducted on the four types of reef limestone samples to estimate the correlations of physical properties of reef limestone and its dynamic and static parameters. Results show that reef limestone is different from most terrestrial rocks; its compressive strength is weakly correlated with the strain rate and its static tension–compression ratio is slightly larger than that of terrestrial rocks (about one fifth). The static tensile and compressive strengths as well as the dynamic compressive strength of dense reef limestone all linearly increase with the density; the static compressive strength of porous reef limestone is weakly related to the density while the dynamic compressive strength increases with the elastic longitudinal wave velocity as a quadratic function. The dynamic fracture mode of dense reef limestone is dominated by block failure while strip-shaped fragments are mainly formed along the coral growth line in porous reef limestone. The energy-dissipation density of the two major types of reef limestone is roughly linearly correlated with the dynamic compressive strength. Finally, a constitutive model for dynamic damage of reef limestone under impact load was established based on statistical damage theory and its effectiveness was verified experimentally.

Synthesis and Characterization of Xerogel from Palm Kernel Shell Biochar

With an alarming amount of agricultural waste disposal rate, it emerges the search to utilize biomass and turn them into a beneficial product. Biochar is one the beneficial product that contains high carbonaceous material that is commonly utilized as an adsorbent. This research aims to characterize and produce xerogel from Palm Kernel Shell (PKS) biochar. The production of Biochar Xerogel was produced through the sol-gel method and further dried in an oven to produce xerogel. The synthesized xerogel was characterized using different characterization techniques which are Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR), Brunauer-Emmett and Teller (BET), Scanned Electron Microscopy (SEM) analysis, Thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) and X-Ray Diffraction (XRD). The FTIR spectrum analysis has shown the existence of various functional groups such as hydroxyl, aldehyde, alkane and aromatic groups. The TGA analysis reveals the maximum thermal of 1000 °C for xerogel and XRD patterns reveal the amorphous nature of the extracted xerogel biochar. The BET isotherm revealed xerogel as microporous material with a pore width of 1.5 nm. Meanwhile, the SEM image also shows that the xerogel has an apparent pore and the pore size is varied which can function as a good adsorbent.

Three-Dimensional Printed Hydroxyapatite Bone Substitutes Designed by a Novel Periodic Minimal Surface Algorithm Are Highly Osteoconductive.

Autologous bone remains the gold standard bone substitute in clinical practice. Therefore, the microarchitecture of newly developed synthetic bone substitutes, which reflects the spatial distribution of materials in the scaffold, aims to recapitulate the natural bone microarchitecture. However, the natural bone microarchitecture is optimized to obtain a mechanically stable, lightweight structure adapted to the biomechanical loading situation. In the context of synthetic bone substitutes, the application of a Triply Periodic Minimum Surface (TPMS) algorithm can yield stable lightweight microarchitectures that, despite their demanding architectural complexity, can be produced by additive manufacturing. In this study, we applied the TPMS derivative Adaptive Density Minimal Surfaces (ADMS) algorithm to produce scaffolds from hydroxyapatite (HA) using a lithography-based layer-by-layer methodology and compared them with an established highly osteoconductive lattice microarchitecture. We characterized them for compression strength, osteoconductivity, and bone regeneration. The in vivo results, based on a rabbit calvaria defect model, showed that bony ingrowth into ADMS constructs as a measure of osteoconduction depended on minimal constriction as it limited the maximum apparent pore diameter in these scaffolds to 1.53 mm. Osteoconduction decreased significantly at a diameter of 1.76 mm. The most suitable ADMS microarchitecture was as osteoconductive as a highly osteoconductive orthogonal lattice microarchitecture in noncritical- and critical-size calvarial defects. However, the compression strength and microarchitectural integrity in vivo were significantly higher for scaffolds with their microarchitecture based on the ADMS algorithm when compared with high-connectivity lattice microarchitectures. Therefore, bone substitutes with high osteoconductivity can be designed with the advantages of the ADMS-based microarchitectures. As TPMS and ADMS microarchitectures are true lightweight structures optimized for high mechanical stability with a minimal amount of material, such microarchitectures appear most suitable for bone substitutes used in clinical settings to treat bone defects in weight-bearing and non-weight-bearing sites.

Determination of Apparent Pore Size Distributions of Organic Matter and Inorganic Matter in Shale Rocks Based on Water and N2 Adsorption

Determination of Apparent Pore Size Distributions of Organic Matter and Inorganic Matter in Shale Rocks Based on Water and N₂ Adsorption

Customized biochar for soil applications in arid land: Effect of feedstock type and pyrolysis temperature on soil microbial enumeration and respiration

Biochar is rapidly gaining worldwide interest as an agro-technology for increasing soil health and carbon storage. This study investigated the physicochemical characteristics and impact on soil microbes of biochar amendments from three feedstock sources: date palm leaves (D), mesquite plants (M) and sludge compost (S.C.); pyrolyzed at 450 ℃, 600 ℃ and 750 ℃. Scanning electron microscopy images showed an apparent pore size increase with increasing pyrolysis temperature. The increase in pyrolysis temperature decreased O-H and C-O bonds and increased the proportion of C-C bonds, as obtained from the Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy studies. Thermostability was highest at a pyrolysis temperature of 750 ℃, with distinct thermal decomposition profiles for each of the three feedstock materials used, as indicated by the dynamic thermal gravimetric analysis. The SC biochars showed the highest mineral content (45–66%) with significantly higher water-soluble and total concentrations of mineral elements. The SC samples also showed the presence of possible soil contaminants such as Pb and As, and its use as a soil amendment is not recommended, even though the SC at 450 ℃ was the only nonalkaline biochar in this study. The M feedstock produced biochar with the highest surface area (600 m2 g−1) and carbon content based on loss on ignition (94.98%); nevertheless, the M biochar reduced soil microbial enumeration and respiration. This reduction increased with increasing pyrolysis temperature. Therefore, the M biochar feedstocks are not recommended for improving soil health and may be tested in the future as a microbial inhibitor for soil-borne plant pathogens. Considering the physicochemical properties and the biochar impact on soil, D at 600 ℃ was the best biochar selected for further studies as a soil amendment. The large differences in biochar physicochemical properties and their effect on soil microbes observed in this study suggest that the feedstock type and pyrolysis temperatures must be considered during biochar amendment production for improving soil health in arid-land agroecosystems.

Modulation of the Sorption Characteristics for an H-bonded porous Architecture by Varying the Chemical Functionalization of the Channel Walls.

Five isostructural microporous supramolecular architectures prepared by H-bonded assembly between the hexa-anionic complex [Zr2 (Ox)7 ]6- (Ox=oxalate, (C2 O4 )2- ) and tripodal cations (H3 -TripCH2 -R)3+ with R=H, CH3 , OH and OBn (Bn=CH2 Ph) are reported. The possibility to obtain the same structure using a mixture of tripodal cations with different R group (R=OH and R=CH3 ) has also been successfully explored, providing a unique example of three-component H-bonded porous framework. The resulting SPA-1(R) materials feature 1D pores decorated by R groups, with apparent pore diameters ranging from 3.0 to 8.5 Å. Influence of R groups on the sorption properties of these materials is evidenced through CO2 and H2 O vapor sorption/desorption experiments, as well as with I2 capture/release experiments in liquid media. This study is one of the first to demonstrate the possibility of tuning the porosity and exerting precise control over the chemical functionalization of the pores in a given H-bonded structure, without modifying the topology of the reference structure, and thus finely adjusting the sorption characteristics of the material.

Effective Recovery of Au from Low-Concentration Solutions by a Self-Synthesized Mesoporous Resin Modified by Dimethylamine

In this study, the recovery of Au(III) from low-concentration HAuCl4 solutions was systematically investigated by a self-synthesized dimethylamine-modified mesoporous resin (DMR). The apparent morphology and pore structure of the DMR were characterized, and the adsorption property of the DMR was studied by static adsorption experiments to evaluate the effects of pH value, adsorbent dosage, and initial concentration of AuCl4– on the Au(III) adsorption from low-concentration HAuCl4 solutions. At 298 K and pH 2.0, the adsorption capacity of Au(III) was 221.16 mg/g and the recovery of Au(III) was 95%. In addition, the adsorption isotherms, thermodynamics, and kinetics were determined and modeled. The results showed that the Langmuir isotherm model and the pseudo-first-order model were more fitted to depict the adsorption of Au(III) onto the DMR, indicating that Au(III) was monolayer-adsorbed onto the surface of the DMR via chemical sorption. ΔG0 < 0 and ΔH0 > 0 indicated that the process was spontaneous and endothermic. The adsorption capacity of Au(III) was much higher than that reported in the literature due to the coordination interaction and electrostatic force between the amino groups and AuCl4−, which indicated that the DMR was an adsorbent with great application potential for the recovery of Au from low-concentration solutions.

Sulfonated MCM-41 as potential catalyst to obtain biolubricants from vegetable oil

Biolubricants may be obtained from vegetable oils using appropriate chemical modifications, to improve their physicochemical properties for lubrication applications. In this study, the esterification of a free fatty acid (FFA) with long chain alcohols was performed using sulfonated mesoporous silica as catalyst. Fresh and functionalized MCM-41 samples were prepared to evaluate the effect of the sulfonic surface group on the esterification reaction. MCM-41 was functionalized via post-synthesis modification using 3-mercaptopropyltrimethoxysilane (MPTS) as silylating agent. The synthesized catalysts were characterized using several techniques. After the functionalization, a decrease in the apparent surface area and pore diameter were observed. The MCM-41/SO3H sample was applied in the esterification reaction of oleic acid (as a FFA model) using two different long-chain alcohols (octanol and 2-ethylhexanol). The catalytic results reveal that sulfonated catalyst showed excellent conversions (~ 100% mol when using octanol and > 93% mol using 2-ethylhexanol) and selectivities to esters (ca. 90%).

Characterization of a macroporous epoxy-polymer based resin for the ion-exchange chromatography of therapeutic proteins

This study investigated the adsorption capacity and mass transfer properties of a novel macroporous epoxy-polymer-based anion-exchanger, MPR Q, for the efficient separation of therapeutic proteins. MPR Q resin was prepared by phase separation based on spinodal decomposition followed by dextran grafting and ligand conjugation. Under static conditions, MPR Q exhibited a binding capacity of 49.8 mg-IgG/cm3-resin at pH 10, whereas the fastest adsorption was observed among the anion-exchanger resins tested. Inverse size-exclusion chromatography (iSEC) experiments revealed that the apparent pore diameter of MPR Q was approximately 90 nm, which was sufficiently large for the penetration of human IgG and bovine IgM. Moreover, the reduced height equivalent to a theoretical plate, h, of human IgG, determined using the linear gradient elution method was 65.8 and was not significantly changed in the range of linear velocities from 20.37 to 50.93 cm/min. The dynamic binding capacity at 10% breakthrough of MPR Q, determined by frontal analysis, exhibited a capacity of 43.8 mg/cm3 at 5.09 cm/min and 58% of DBC10% was maintained even though the linear velocity was increased to 50.93 cm/min. Furthermore, a resolution for separation of IgG and BSA by MPR Q was 1.06 at 5.09 cm/min, while it was higher than that for the conventional resin at all linear velocities from 5.09 cm/min to 50.93 cm/min. Thus, it was suggested that the MPR Q developed in this study is a promising resin that can efficiently separate large biomacromolecules such as human IgG at higher velocities.