Apparent Hardness Research Articles

Effect of a subsurface void on the micromechanics of ductile metal indentation using remeshing

Near-surface voids and pores are generated in metal processing operations as diverse as additive manufacturing and powder processing, but their effect on indentation hardness has not been explored outside homogenized frameworks. Here we model the micromechanics of near-surface void deformation up to closure in a wedge-indentation field in ductile metal, and reveal the considerable softening effect of voids on the indentation hardness. Both symmetrically and eccentrically located voids, at various depths below the free surface, are studied. Notably, the extent of apparent reduction in the elastic modulus due to a void is much smaller than its effect on apparent hardness, e.g. 6.5% against 55% for the same void. Critical to the simulations is an adaptive remeshing finite element (FE) framework that allows accurate capture of processes like void closure and void-wall self-contact. The simulations reveal the subsurface plastic strain, strain-rate, and velocity fields with high fidelity, and their radical differences from the radial indentation field in a void-free specimen. These differences include the presence of localized pockets of high and low strain, and the initial accommodation of material displaced by the indenter by a corresponding reduction in void area. Unlike voids under uniform compression, the void-area evolution in indentation shows a characteristic sigmoidal pattern of reduction with indentation depth for all but the smallest voids. Interestingly, the indented surface profile can exhibit a one-sided pile-up feature which is diagnostic of the presence of an eccentrically located sub-surface void. Our remeshing scheme is versatile, as exemplified by its ability to model the extreme deformation associated with two nearly closed-spaced voids under an indenter. Our work shows that void-closure simulations in related applications like forming could benefit from the adoption of a remeshing framework.

Atomistic simulation of the influence of semi-coherent interfaces in the V/Fe bilayer system on plastic deformation during nanoindentation

Semi-coherent interfaces can have a strong influence on the mechanical behavior of bilayer systems, which is seen very clearly under indentation conditions where a well-defined plastic zone interacts directly with the interface. The main aim of this work is to study the influence of a semi-coherent bcc/bcc interface in the V/Fe bilayer system with molecular dynamics (MD) simulations. In particular, the influence of the V layer thicknesses on the apparent hardness of bilayer system is investigated. Our results show that the deformation behavior of pure V and pure Fe resulting from the MD simulations is in good agreement with the literature. Moreover, the MD simulations reveal a significant enhancement of the hardness of V/Fe bilayer system for thinner vanadium layers, resulting from the crucial role of the semi-coherent interface as a barrier to dislocation propagation. This is seen from a detailed analysis of the interaction of mobile dislocations in the plastic zone with misfit dislocations in the interface. Our work shows that dislocation pile-ups at the interface and formation of horizontal shear loops are two key mechanisms dominating the rate and magnitude of plastic deformation and thus contributes to our understanding of mechanical behavior of bilayer systems with semi-coherent interfaces.

Brush Plating of Ag-Bi Coatings from a Cyanide-Free Solution

Ag-Bi coatings were synthesized on copper substrate using brush plating with a cyanide-free electroplating solution for electrical contact applications. Phase constituents, surface morphology, and microhardness of the deposited coatings were characterized. It is found that grain refinement into the nanosized range can be observed for the Ag-Bi coatings with dense and compact microstructure. The electroplated Ag-Bi alloy displayed an apparent hardness increase compared with the pure silver coating. Ag-Bi alloy coatings show promise in the field of electrical contact components used in the electrical power industry.

Microstructure and nanoindentation creep behavior of TiC reinforced steel matrix composite after stabilizing heat treatments

The microstructure and nanoindentation creep behavior of characteristic phases in TiC reinforced steel matrix composite after stabilizing heat treatments were investigated. The results showed that the microhardness of matrix increased from 4.85 ± 0.30 GPa in the annealed sample to 13.45 ± 0.71∼ 16.06 ± 0.88 GPa after stabilizing heat treatments, and the apparent hardness of TiC particle was also improved due to the martensitic strengthening of matrix. The dominant creep mechanism of the composite was dislocation movement, the primary micro creep stage dominated the micro creep behavior of annealed composite and the steady state creep dominated the micro creep behavior of stabilized composites. The micromechanical properties of the characteristic phases in the composite after TCC treatment were well matched, and the overall creep resistance of that was excellent, which provided theoretical support in achieving the consistency of micromechanical properties of the composite during the stabilizing heat treatments.

Integer polynomial recovery from outputs and its application to cryptanalysis of a protocol for secure sorting

AbstractWe investigate the problem of recovering integer inputs (up to an affine scaling) when given only the integer monotonic polynomial outputs. Givennninteger outputs of a degree-ddinteger monotonic polynomial whose coefficients and inputs are integers within known bounds andn≫dn\gg d, we give an algorithm to recover the polynomial and the integer inputs (up to an affine scaling). A heuristic expected time complexity analysis of our method shows that it is exponential in the size of the degree of the polynomial but polynomial in the size of the polynomial coefficients. We conduct experiments with real-world data as well as randomly chosen parameters and demonstrate the effectiveness of our algorithm over a wide range of parameters. Using only the polynomial evaluations at specific integer points, the apparent hardness of recovering the input data served as the basis of security of a recent protocol proposed by Kesarwani et al. for securekk-nearest neighbor computation on encrypted data that involved secure sorting. The protocol uses the outputs of randomly chosen monotonic integer polynomial to hide its inputs except to only reveal the ordering of input data. By using our integer polynomial recovery algorithm, we show that we can recover the polynomial and the inputs within a few seconds, thereby demonstrating an attack on the protocol of Kesarwani et al.

Improved Mechanical and Corrosion Properties of Powder Metallurgy Austenitic, Ferritic, and Martensitic Stainless Steels by Liquid Phase Sintering.

Powder metallurgy (PM) has been widely used to produce various steels in industry, mainly due to its capabilities for manufacturing nearly net-shaped products and mass production. To improve the performances of PM stainless steels, the roles of 0.6 wt% B additive in the microstructures, mechanical properties, and corrosion resistances of PM 304L austenitic, 410L ferritic, and 410 martensitic stainless steels were investigated. The results showed that adding 0.6 wt% B significantly improved the sintered densities of the three kinds of stainless steels due to the liquid phase sintering (LPS) phenomenon. The borides in 304L + 0.6B, 410L + 0.6B, and 410 + 0.6B were rich in B and Cr atoms but deficient in Fe, Ni, or C atoms, as analyzed by electron probe micro-analysis. Furthermore, the B additive contributed to the improved apparent hardness and corrosion resistance of PM stainless steels. In the 410L stainless steel, the 0.6 wt% B addition increased the corrosion voltage from −0.43 VSCE to −0.24 VSCE and reduced the corrosion current density from 2.27 × 10−6 A/cm2 to 1.93 × 10−7 A/cm2. The effects of several factors, namely: porosity; the generation of boride; the matrix/boride interfacial areas; Cr depletion; and the microstructure on the corrosion performances are discussed. The findings clearly indicate that porosity plays a predominant role in the corrosion resistances of PM austenitic, ferritic, and martensitic stainless steels.

Impact of crystallization conditions and filtration cake washing on the clustering of metformin hydrochloride crystals

Crystallization is one of the basic methods employed in the pharmaceutical and chemical industry to produce powder products with controlled purity. Crystallization is commonly associated with the filtration and drying of solid material, where these unit operations can significantly affect the properties of the final material. This study focuses on the interplay of crystallization, filtration, cake washing, and drying to prevent the formation of crystal clusters. In this work, metformin hydrochloride crystalizing in rod-like crystals is used as a model drug. First, the crystallization parameters, such as stirring speed, cooling rate, impeller type, and solvent type, were varied. It was found that in all cases, metformin hydrochloride crystalizes in single rod-like crystals with various crystal size distribution, where the cooling rate and solvent type lead to non-uniform crystal growth demonstrated by very polydisperse crystal size distribution. Experimental results and Computational Fluid Dynamics simulation confirmed that stresses during crystallization were not sufficient to cause significant crystal breakup. In the next step, filtration connected with filter cake washing and subsequent drying was used to study the formation of crystal clusters. It was found that crystal cake was significantly stronger for the non-washed samples than for washed cake. Both the measured apparent elasticity modulus and the apparent hardness confirmed a strong impact of the washing solvent, allowing quality control when developing a crystal production process.

The microstructure and martensitic transformation of Ti-13 V-3Al light weight shape memory alloy deformed by high-pressure torsion

Ti-13 V-3Al (at%) high temperature shape memory alloy was considered attractive material due to its low density. The demand for the better shape memory performance is proposed to widen the scope of application. In the present study, Ti-13 V-3Al is processed by high-pressure torsion and annealing. The microstructure, martensitic transformation and mechanical properties were investigated. The severe plastic deformation introduced high density defects and decreased the stability of the α″ phase. The phase constitution is the sole β phase after high-pressure torsion, which was related to the Gibbs-Thomson effect. After the annealing treatment at 700 °C, numerous small parallel α″ martensite variants were observed, which was affected by the residual defects. More nucleation sites were provided, resulting that the reverse martensitic transformation was accomplished in a narrow temperature range. Moreover, the formation of (111) type I twinning become easier due to the assistance of the (111) stacking faults. The α″ martensite variants became larger and evolved to the V-shaped and the triangular self-accommodated morphologies as the annealing temperature increased to 800 °C. The twinning relationship in the different annealing temperature both were the (111) type I twinning. The properties were characterized by the tensile loading-unloading tests and microhardness tests. The shape memory effect was optimized and 4% full recoverable strain was obtained in the alloy annealed at 700 °C. The apparent hardness decreased from 323HV and 263HV as the annealing temperature raised from 700 °C to 800 °C.

Multi-scale pseudoelasticity of NiTi alloys fabricated by laser additive manufacturing

Pseudoelasticity behaviors have been found in the NiTi alloys fabricated by laser additive manufacturing (LAM) processes. Reported investigations of pseudoelasticity in LAM fabricated NiTi alloys mainly focus on the effects of laser input energy and post-heat treatments on phase transformation behaviors. The pseudoelasticity behaviors can be affected by the significantly different load-contact conditions in various industrial applications. However, there are no reported investigations of pseudoelasticity behaviors of NiTi alloys fabricated by LAM in different load-contact conditions. For the first time, multi-scale indentation tests at three scales (nanoscale, microscale, and macroscale) are conducted to evaluate and compare the pseudoelasticity behaviors of the NiTi alloys fabricated by LAM in this investigation. In addition, the effects of microstructural features and phase constituents on pseudoelasticity are discussed. Overall, pseudoelasticity at the nanoscale is the best in terms of the smallest remnant depth ratios, followed by that at the macroscale and that at the microscale. Moreover, pseudoelasticity at the nanoscale improves with the increase of load or the number of cycles. As a comparison, pseudoelasticity at the microscale stays steady with the increase of load and decreases with cycling, and pseudoelasticity at the macroscale stays steady with the increase of load or the number of cycles. It is also found that the improvement in pseudoelasticity leads to decreases in apparent hardness and Young's modulus.

Effect of Ion Irradiation on Nanoindentation Fracture and Deformation in Silicon Carbide

Silicon carbide is desirable for many nuclear applications, making it necessary to understand how it deforms after irradiation. Ion implantation combined with nanoindentation is commonly used to measure radiation-induced changes to mechanical properties; hardness and modulus can be calculated from load–displacement curves, and fracture toughness can be estimated from surface crack lengths. Further insight into indentation deformation and fracture is required to understand the observed changes to mechanical properties caused by irradiation. This paper investigates indentation deformation using high-resolution electron backscatter diffraction (HR-EBSD) and Raman spectroscopy. Significant differences exist after irradiation: fracture is suppressed by swelling-induced compressive residual stresses, and the plastically deformed region extends further from the indentation. During focused ion beam cross-sectioning, indentation cracks grow, and residual stresses are modified. The results clarify the mechanisms responsible for the modification of apparent hardness and apparent indentation toughness values caused by the compressive residual stresses in ion-implanted specimens.

Sinter Hardening PM Steels Prepared through Hybrid Alloying

Abstract In powder metallurgy (PM), there are several ways of introducing alloying elements into a PM material in order to adjust a certain alloying element content. Each alloying route has its advantages and disadvantages. Master alloys (MA), powders with a high content of typically several alloying elements, can be added in small amounts to a base powder, especially to introduce oxygen sensitive elements such as Cr, Mn, and Si. In addition, the master alloy can be designed in such a way that a liquid phase is formed intermediately during the sintering process to improve the distribution of alloying elements in the material and to accelerate homogenization. In this study, such master alloys were combined with pre-alloyed base powders to form hybrid alloyed mixtures with the aim of improving the material‘s sinter hardenability. The hybrid alloys were compared with mixtures of master alloy and plain Fe as reference material. The sinter hardenability of all materials was determined by generating CCT diagrams recorded with 13 different cooling rates. These were verified by metallographic cross-sections of specimens treated at common cooling rates of 3 and 1.5 K/s and subsequent hardness measurements of the microhardness (HV 0.1) of the microstructural constituents and the apparent hardness (HV 30). ◼

Mechanical properties and fracture mechanism of boron-containing 304L austenitic stainless steel densified by liquid phase sintering

Abstract Boron (B) is an effective element for facilitating liquid phase sintering (LPS) of powder metallurgy (PM) steels. However, the roles of B in the mechanical properties and fracture behaviors of PM steels have not yet been fully clarified. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of B on the LPS, microstructure, mechanical properties, and fracture mechanism of 304L PM stainless steel. The deformation and fracture behaviors were analyzed by in-situ tensile tests, digital image correction, and observation of the fracture surfaces. The results showed that adding 0.6 wt% B to 304L significantly increased the sintered density from 6.86 g/cm3 to 7.47 g/cm3 and facilitated pore spheroidization after 1250 °C sintering. Networked eutectics consisting of austenite and M2B borides rich in chromium formed along the grain boundaries, as identified by electron backscatter diffraction and electron probe micro-analysis. Moreover, the apparent hardness improved by 86%, the yield strength by 64%, and the ultimate tensile strength by 63% without obvious sacrifices to tensile elongation. The fracture analyses in this study indicated that, in pure 304L, the main fracture mode was ductile fracture at sintered necks. In contrast, in 304L+0.6B, the predominant fracture mode was transgranular cleavage through the austenite grains. Intergranular eutectics and pores were not the primary fracture sites. The intergranular eutectics were not fully continuous along the grain boundaries and did not dominate the fracture, although the eutectics were the regions with strain concentration or cracking before fracture. The correlations among the microstructure, mechanical properties, and fracture mechanisms of B-alloyed 304L stainless steel are discussed in this study.

Material Characterization of 3D-printed Silicone Elastomers

Silicone elastomers can be tailored to a broad range of mechanical properties and find application in damping, sealing, biomedicine, mold making, or prototyping. For additive manufacturing of silicone elastomers there are several approaches such as sub-surface catalysis, photo- or temperature-initiated polymerization feasible, which can further be divided in silicone extrusion, drop-on-demand, and vat photopolymerization. Many suppliers provide print services for silicone rubber components, nevertheless printing soft materials is still demanding and few printer component suppliers can be found. The processing (time-temperature history) of the cross-linked silicone rubber influences the properties of the 3D-printed part. Therefore, reliable material parameters are needed for product engineering and mechanical simulation. The objective of this work is to characterize and analyze the mechanical behavior of two 3D-printed silicone rubbers. Also, various infill amounts are examined to study the change of apparent hardness (structural macroscopic hardness) of the specimen. We developed an extrusion-based silicone 3D-printer with temperature-initiated polymerization using the print head vipro-HEAD 3/3 (ViscoTec Pumpen- u. Dosiertechnik GmbH, Germany). The print-parameters were optimized for SilasticTM 3D 3335 (Dow, Michigan), which is currently the only commercially available material for this purpose (Shore A 50). Uniaxial tensile as well as compression, biaxial tension, and pure shear tests were performed to characterize the mechanical behavior of the 3D-printed specimens at different loading rates. Hyperelastic material models were fitted and compared in terms of the accuracy to accommodate the material behavior at room temperature. For a second softer silicone rubber (Shore A 10), the print parameters were optimized, and cubes were tested in compression. It could be shown that the harder material can reach lower apparent hardness than the softer material, when the infill amount is adjusted accordingly.

An alternative practical public-key cryptosystems based on the Dependent RSA Discrete Logarithm Problems

In this paper, an alternative public-key cryptosystems (PKCs) are proposed based on the new algebraic problems namely “Dependent RSA Discrete Logarithm Problems” derived from the RSA and Discrete Logarithm (DLog) assumptions together. These PKCs are provably secure for the notions of security: indistinguishable encryptions under chosen-plaintext attacks (IND-CPA), and adaptive chosen-ciphertext attacks (IND-CCA2). Initially, a new algebraic “Computational-Dependent RSA Discrete Logarithm Problem” is presented. Then, its variant named “Decisional-Dependent RSA Discrete Logarithm Problem” is presented. Thereafter, a specific discussion has been done about their hardness and their relations to each other. Also, some arguments are given to validate the cryptographic purpose of these problems. Next, using this decisional variant an efficient PKC: “Dependent RSA Discrete Logarithm” (DRDL) cryptosystem that has indistinguishable encryptions under chosen-plaintext attacks, in the standard model is presented. Further, a PKC variant: DRDL-1 cryptosystem with improved security properties that has indistinguishable encryptions under adaptive chosen-ciphertext attacks using this decisional variant in the random oracle model, with a low computational cost is presented. These new algebraic problems constructed by using the apparent hardness of RSA and Discrete Logarithm (DLog) problems are helpful in combining both efficiency and security. Hence, it becomes more efficient than all the cryptosystems specially designed for the ElGamal cryptosystem to make it indistinguishable encryptions under adaptive chosen-ciphertext attacks.

Nested size effects in the nanoindentation response of additively manufactured 316L stainless steel

Recent work has shown that the presence of cellular substructures in selectively laser melted (SLM) 316L stainless steel coincides with significant increases in yield stress and ultimate strength. These substructures have been associated with dislocation cell formation, with cell walls and cell interiors corresponding to regions of high and low dislocation density, respectively. Motivated by this finding, the present effort seeks a more comprehensive understanding of this phenomenon through spatially resolved hardness mapping via nanoindentation. Initially it was assumed that a spatially varying “cellular” hardness pattern would emerge, corresponding to the geometry and the characteristic features (cell walls and cell interior) of the cell structure. However, due to multiple, simultaneously operating hierarchical size effects, the apparent hardness deviates from this anticipated behavior. Direct evidence is provided in the present work indicating that these size effects are due to the indenter, characteristic sub-structural length, and grain size. Analysis of the load/displacement behavior enabled observation of each of these size effects, independent of the local anisotropy due to crystal orientation.

Effects of Plastic Strain on Mechanical and Electrical Conductivity Response of (100) Monocrystalline Copper

The physical characteristics of material would be influenced by its stress states. In this paper, nanoindentation experiments with a maximum load of 100 mN and strain-sensitive resistance tests were conducted on (100) monocrystalline copper with tension-induced plastic strain to investigate the influences of plastic strain on mechanical and electrical characteristics. By theoretical and experimental analysis, indentation depth, elastic modulus, recovery rate of total work, contact area, pile-up and apparent hardness of the deformed and virgin material were obtained and the corresponding investigation was compared and analyzed. The experimental results revealed that under the same conditions, tensile pre-deformed material would like to generate more penetration depth to achieve the same load during indentation. As the plastic strain increased in the uniform plastic region, both the total and elastic indentation work increased, while the recovery rate of total work, contact area, apparent hardness, and elastic modulus decreased. Meanwhile, the contribution of plastic strain to electrical resistivity was also investigated. The quantitative relation between electrical resistivity and plastic strains was extracted from experiments. The understanding of the role of plastic strain in mechanical and electrical properties of monocrystalline copper would be helpful to the application in damage detection systems and strain sensing sensor.

The influence of boron doping on the structural and mechanical characterization of ZnO

In this study, we have reported the structural and mechanical properties of B-doped ZnO (Zn1-xBxO, x = 0.00, 0.05, 0.07, 0.09, 0.11) by using XRD, SEM, EDS and static Vickers micro-hardness measurements. All nanopowder samples were prepared by hydrothermal method. From the XRD measurements, we have found that all the samples crystalize in hexagonal wurtzite structure and crystallite sizes were found to be 61.50, 36.97, 36.65, 36.59 and 34.85 nm for x = 0.00, 0.05, 0.07, 0.09, 0.11 samples, respectively. From the SEM measurements, the irregular appearance and size distribution of the particles were observed for all samples. The chemical composition of Zn1-xBxO nanopowders were investigated by EDX spectroscopy. Zn,O and B peaks are clearly seen and the content of Zn, O and B are consistent with preparation of samples. From the load dependent indentation diagonal length measurements, load dependent (apparent) hardness, elastic modulus, yield strength, and fracture toughness values of the samples were computed. The hardness values increase with increasing the boron content and the applied load. In addition, the apparent hardness values were analyzed by using the various theoretical models to evaluate the load independent (true) hardness values. The IIC model was found to be sufficient for our investigations. The possible reasons for the observed changes in mechanical, structural properties due to B-doping in ZnO were discussed.

Modeling of Micro-Hardness in the Au-Doped YBCO Bulk Superconductors

In this study, in order to investigate the effect of Au doping on mechanical properties of YBCO, Au-doped (from x = 1 wt% to x = 20 wt%) and pure YBa2Cu3O7-x samples were prepared by standard solid-state reaction method. The indentation load versus diagonal length of the samples under various indentation loads in the range of 0.245–2.940 N is measured. The micro-indentation measurements showed that the load-dependent micro-hardness value for Au-doped samples is lower in comparison with that of the pure sample. The values of the hardness are found to be load and Au content-dependent. For each sample, the reverse indentation size effect (RISE) is observed in which micro-hardness value increased with increasing the load. In addition, we extract the load-independent (true) micro-hardness using Meyer’s law, Kick’s law, proportional specimen resistance, modified proportional specimen resistance, the Hays-Kendall, and the indentation-induced cracking (IIC) models and compare the true hardness with the apparent hardness. Among the investigated models, IIC model is determined to be the most successful one describing the mechanical properties of our samples.

On Problems Equivalent to (min,+)-Convolution

In recent years, significant progress has been made in explaining the apparent hardness of improving upon the naive solutions for many fundamental polynomially solvable problems. This progress has come in the form of conditional lower bounds—reductions from a problem assumed to be hard. The hard problems include 3SUM, All-Pairs Shortest Path, SAT, Orthogonal Vectors, and others. In the (min ,+)-convolution problem, the goal is to compute a sequence ( c [ i ]) n-1 i=0 , where c [ k ] = min i=0,…; , k { a [ i ] + b [ k - i ]}, given sequences ( a [ i ]) n-1 i=0 and ( b [ i ]) n-1 i=0 . This can easily be done in O( n 2 ) time, but no O ( n 2-ε ) algorithm is known for ε > 0. In this article, we undertake a systematic study of the (min ,+)-convolution problem as a hardness assumption. First, we establish the equivalence of this problem to a group of other problems, including variants of the classic knapsack problem and problems related to subadditive sequences. The (min ,+)-convolution problem has been used as a building block in algorithms for many problems, notably problems in stringology. It has also appeared as an ad hoc hardness assumption. Second, we investigate some of these connections and provide new reductions and other results. We also explain why replacing this assumption with the Strong Exponential Time Hypothesis might not be possible for some problems.

Application of biomimetic mineralized collagen bone graft material in rabbits posterolateral spinal fusion

To investigate the bone repair and regeneration ability of biomimetic mineralized collagen bone graft material and autologous bone marrow in rabbit posterolateral spinal fusion model. Twenty-seven 20-week-old male New Zealand white rabbits ［weighing (5.0±0.5) kg］ were used to establish the posterolateral spinal fusion model of L 5 and L 6 segments by stripping the transverse process and exposing cancellous bone with electric burr. The rabbits were randomly divided into 3 groups, 9 in each group. Groups A, B, and C were implanted 1.5 mL autologous iliac bone, 1.5 mL (30 mm×10 mm×5 mm) biomimetic mineralized collagen bone graft material, and 1.5 mL (30 mm×10 mm×5 mm) biomimetic mineralized collagen bone graft material and autologous bone marrow in each bone defect. At 4, 8, and 12 weeks after operation, the apparent hardness of the bone grafting area was observed by manipulation method, in order to evaluate bone graft fusion effects. Three animals were sacrificed in each group at each time point, the vertebral body specimens were excised and the bone defect repair and fusion were observed by X-ray films, and three-dimensional CT examination was performed to evaluate whether new bone was formed in the body. HE staining was performed at each time point to observe the formation of new bone and the repair and fusion of bone defects. The manipulation test showed that bone graft fusion was not found in all groups at 4 weeks after operation; 3 (50.0%), 2 (33.3%), and 4 (66.7%) of groups A, B, and C reached bone graft fusion at 8 weeks after operation; 5 (83.3%), 4 (66.7%), and 5 (83.3%) of groups A, B, and C reached bone graft fusion at 12 weeks after operation; the fusion rate of group C was similar to that of group A, and all higher than that of group B. X-ray film observation showed that the fusion rate of group C at 8 and 12 weeks after operation was higher than that of group B, similar to group A. Three-dimensional CT observation showed that the effect of bone fusion in group C was better than that in group B, which was close to group A. HE staining observation showed that large area of mature lamellar bone coverage appeared in the bone graft area of groups A, B, and C at 12 weeks after operation, the material was completely degraded, and the marginal boundary of the host bone disappeared and tightly combined. Biomimetic mineralized collagen bone graft material mixed with autologous bone marrow has good osteoinduction and osteogenesis guidance. Compared with biomimetic mineralized collagen bone graft material, it has better and faster osteogenesis effect, which is close to autologous bone transplantation.