Aphid Research Articles

Enhanced Resistance to Three Species of Aphids (Homoptera: Aphididae) in Acremonium Endophyte-Infected Turfgrasses

Association of Acremonium endophytes with enhanced resistance to insects in various turfgrasses was studied using three species of aphids; greenbug, Schizaphis graminum (Rondani); bird cherry-oat aphid, Rhopalosiphum padi (L.); and yellow sugarcane aphid, Sipha flava (Forbes). Choice and no-choice tests were used to test resistance in three to four genotypes each of endophyte-infected and endophyte-free perennial ryegrass, Lolium perenne L.; tall fescue, Festuca arundinacea Schreb.; and three species of fine fescues: hard fescue, F. longifolia Thuill; Chewings fescue, F. rubra L. subsp. commutate Gaud.; and blue fescue, F. glauca Lam. Feeding deterrence and antibiosis were significant in endophyte-infected tall fescue for all turfgrass genotypes and aphids tested, with no aphids surviving after 3 d on infected tall fescue. Feeding deterrence and antibiosis to greenbug and yellow sugarcane aphid were significant in endophyte-infected perennial ryegrass with all genotypes tested. None survived on endophyte-infected perennial ryegrass after 72 h. Resistance to bird cherry-oat aphid was dependent on concentration of endophyte hyphae in the host, with significant resistance observed in genotypes with high concentrations. Resistance in endophyte-infected fine-leaved fescues varied with insect and grass species. Preference was generally not significantly affected, but dramatic differences in survival were found in ‘Ensylva’ strong creeping red fescue, blue fescues, Chewings fescues, and hard fescues. Endophyte-enhanced resistance to insects varies between species of grasses and insects, and within species of grasses, suggesting that each endophyte or endophyte-host genotype complex should be evaluated individually.

Studies on the Coccinellid Predators of the Cabbage Aphid Brevicoryne brassicae in Himachal Pradesh

Surveys conducted during 1985-91 on cauliflower, cabbage and knol-khol yielded thirteen species of coccinellid predators on nymphs and adults of the cabbage aphid, Brevicoryne brassicae (Linn.), a serious pest of cole crops in the mid-hill regions of Himachal Pradesh. Among the frequently occurring species, adults of Adonia variegata (Goeze) were the first to resume activity by first week of February followed by Coccinella septempunctata Linn. in the first week of March, while most other coccinellids were active during the last week of March or later. C. septempunctata was the most abundant species accounting for 47.3 per cent of the adult count, followed by A. variegata (26.2%). The hyperparasitoid, Oomyzus scaposus (Thompson) (- Tetrastichus coccinellae Kurdj. ) (Hymenoptera, Eulophldae) was recorded on the coccinellid predators during May-June. C. septempunctata was more voracious than A. variegata and Adalia tetraspilota Hope. The average consumption by C. septempunctata grub, was 323 and that of adults 3890 aphids.

サトウキビに寄生するアブラムシ類の発生生態 ＩＩＩ．サトウキビほ場への有しアブラムシ類の飛来とサトウキビモザイクウイルス病発生の関係

サトウキビに寄生するアブラムシ類の発生生態 ＩＩＩ．サトウキビほ場への有しアブラムシ類の飛来とサトウキビモザイクウイルス病発生の関係

Comparison of sampling methods to evaluate aphid populations (Homoptera, Aphidinea) alighting on apricot trees

Le but de l'essai etait d'etudier les populations de pucerons ailes qui atterrissent sur des abricotiers. Pour cela, la technique des arbres englues a ete essayee; elle consiste a pulveriser sur les feuilles et les jeunes pousses de l'arbre une substance collante. Les pucerons captures a l'aide de cette technique ont ete compares a ceux captures par des pieges verts a eau et par des pieges a fils englues. L'essai a ete realise au printemps 1990 dans un verger d'abricotiers a Valence (Espagne). L'espece la plus abondante sur les arbres englues (feuilles et pousses) etait Aphis gossypii, tandis qu'A spiraecola etait abondant seulement sur les pousses [...]

APHIS Rules

APHIS Rules

Research NotesAphid Transmission of a Non-Aphid-Transmissible Strain of Zucchini Yellow Mosaic Potyvirus from Transgenic Plants Expressing the Capsid Protein of Plum Pox Potyvirus

<i>Research Notes</i>Aphid Transmission of a Non-Aphid-Transmissible Strain of Zucchini Yellow Mosaic Potyvirus from Transgenic Plants Expressing the Capsid Protein of Plum Pox Potyvirus

Resistance of cereals to aphids: The interaction between hydroxamic acids and glutathione S‐transferases in the grain aphid Sitobion avenae (F.) (Hom., Aphididae)

AbstractThe activity of glutathione S‐transferases in the grain aphid, Sitobion avenae (F.) was associated with the concentration of hydroxamic acids in the host plant or artificial diet. The grain aphid showed a higher level of activity of these enzymes when fed on moderately resistant wheat varieties than on susceptible ones. There was a high positive correlation (r = 0.869; P &lt; 0.05) between the glutathione S‐transferases activity in the aphids and the total quantity of DIMBOA (glucoside plus aglucone) in the tips of their host seedlings. DIMBOA‐aglucone incorporated into a chemically defined diet generally decreased the activity of these enzymes. Relative to the control diet the greatest reduction in activity was observed at the low concentrations (0.01 mM ‐ 0.1 mM) of DIMBOA‐aglucone studied. The lower reduction in activity of the glutathione S‐transferases observed at the higher concentrations (0.5 mM ‐ 1.0 mM) of this allelochemical possibly resulted because at these concentrations it acts as a feeding deterrent. The interaction between the hydroxamic acids in winter wheat and the activity of the grain aphid's glutathione S‐transferases is discussed.ZusammenfassungZur Resistenz von Getreidearten gegen Blattlausbefall: Beziehungen zwischen Hydroxaminsäuren der Wirtspflanze und Glutathion‐S‐Transferasen der Getreideblattlaus Sitobion avenae (F.) (Hom., Aphididae)Die Aktivität von Glutathion‐S‐Transferasen in der Getreideblattlaus Sitobion avenae war mit der Konzentration von Hydroxaminsäuren in der Wirtspflanze bzw. in der künstlichen Diät korreliert. Die Blattlaus zeigte einen höheren Aktivitäts‐Level dieses Enzyms, wenn sie an mäßig resistenten Weizensorten als an empfindlicheren Sorten gehalten wurde. Es bestand eine hoch positive Korrelation (r = 0,869; P &lt; 0,05) zwischen der Glutathion‐S‐Transferasen‐Aktivität in der Blattlaus und dem Gesamtgehalt an DIMBOA (Glukosid + Aglukon) in den Spitzen der Wirtspflanzensämlinge. DIMBOA‐Aglukon, das einer chemisch definierten Kunstnahrung beigefügt wurde, senkte die Enzymaktivität. Bezogen auf die Kontrollnahrung, wurde die stärkste Verringerung der Aktivität bei niedrigen Konzentrationen (0,01 mM bis 0,1 mM) von DIMBOA‐Aglukose beobachtet. Eine geringere Reduktion der Aktivität der Glutathion‐S‐Transferasen wurde bei höheren Konzentrationen (0,5 mM bis 1,0 mM) festgestellt, was möglicherweise mit einer fraßhemmenden Funktion dieser Konzentrationen begründet werden kann. Die Beziehungen zwischen den Hydroxaminsäuren in Winterweizen und der Aktivität der Glutathion‐S‐Transferasen in der Getreideblattlaus werden erörtert.

果樹アブラムシ類の薬剤抵抗性 第２報 ワタアブラムシ野外個体群およびクローンの薬剤感受性

果樹アブラムシ類の薬剤抵抗性 第２報 ワタアブラムシ野外個体群およびクローンの薬剤感受性

Aphid soldiers discriminate between soldiers and non-soldiers, rather than between kin and non-kin, in Ceratoglyphina bambusae

Aphid soldiers discriminate between soldiers and non-soldiers, rather than between kin and non-kin, in Ceratoglyphina bambusae

Effect of Insecticides on the Occurrence and Association of Whitefly, Aphid and Parasites on Cotton

Observations in cotton field sprayed with insecticides showed that Aphis gossypii Glov. parsltlsm by Aphis gossypii Timberlake was very high in plots treated with fenvalerate. Triazophos and fenvalerate registered high populations of aphids which precluded the incidence of the whitefly Bemisia tabaci (Gennadius). Elimination of aphids by monocrotophos and methyl demeton provided a better habitat for B. tabaci . Positive association between the aphid and its parasite was seen in phosalone (r = 0.67), mineral oil (r = 0.52), endosulfan(r = 0.52), fish oil rosin soap (r = 0.51), methyl demeton (r = 0.50), neem oil (r = 0.48), fenvalerate (r = 0.48) and check (r = 0.65). Monocrotophos and triazophos had no association. The linear regressions showed that fenvalerate, phosalone and check plots permitted 96.9, 58.8 and 40.2 per cent parasitism respectively while only 13.8 to 31.5 per cent parasitism was observed in other insecticidal treatments. For occupation and development, there was a negative association between the aphid and whitefly in plots treated with phosalone (r = - 0.81), minerai oil (r = - 0.77), methyl demeton (r = - 0.72) and endosulfan (r = - 0.46).

Biology of Chrysoperla carnea (Stephens) (Neuroptera, Chrysopidae) in Himachal Pradesh

Chrysoperla cornea (Stephens) is one of the most important predators of the cabbage aphid, Brevicoryne brassica (Linn.) infesting cole crops in Himachal Pradesh. The biology of this chrysopid was studied under laboratory conditions on B. brassicae . Important morphological characters, body size, duration, etc., of different developmental stages, mating and oviposition behaviour are described. A single larva fed upon an average of 181 aphids in its life span of 12.08 days. A larva could wipe out aphid colonies with initial numbers of 50 and 100 aphids in 4 and 7 days, respectively, but failed to do so in colony with 200 aphids. Development from egg to adult was completed in 24.77 days during mid-May to end-July. The pupal period lasted for 7 to 9 days and the progeny had a sex ratio of 1.2:1 (female:male). The average fecundity was 66 varying between 36 to 123.

Host Alternation in Aphids: Constraint Versus Optimization

Host Alternation in Aphids: Constraint Versus Optimization

Courtship Behaviour and Possible Pheromone Spread by Hindleg Raising in Sexual Females of Aphids (Homoptera: Aphidinea)

Description du comportement de cour chez la generation sexuee de puceron. Comparaison des mecanismes et de la signification des mouvements des pattes posterieures des femelles sexuees avec ce qui est observe chez d'autres especes. Estimation de l'importance de ces processus dans le renforcement de la communication sexuelle et la recherche de partenaires

Mucor circinelloides Van Tieghem, an entomogenous fungus of the banana aphid Pentalonia nigronervosa Coq. (Aphididae: Hemiptera).

Pentalonia nigronervosa Coq. is an important pest of banana, cardamom and co]ocasia in Kerala. It is a vector of the virus causing the 'bunchy top' disease of banana and 'Katte' disease of cardamom. In a survey conducted during January 1988, dead aphids were observed inside the leaf axils of banana at Sreekaryam, Trivandrum district. The pathogen was isolated from the dead aphids in pure culture on potato dextrose agar medium and it was identified as Mucor circinelloides Van Tieghem.

Dying Aphids Obey Wasp's Commands

Dying Aphids Obey Wasp's Commands

Intraclonal Trade-Off between Reproductive Investment and Size of Fat Body in the Vetch Aphid, Megoura viciae Buckton

Etude de la relation entre la teneur en lipides, la taille du corps gras et l'investissement reproducteur chez les viginipares apteres de M.v.

Adaptive and non-adaptive suicide in aphids

Adaptive and non-adaptive suicide in aphids

Adaptive and non-adaptive suicide in aphids

Adaptive and non-adaptive suicide in aphids

Probes by aphids indicated by stain induced fluorescence in leaves

Probes by aphids indicated by stain induced fluorescence in leaves

The responses of the spotted alfalfa aphid to variation between plants of an aphid‐resistant lucerne cultivar

AbstractInitial population growth of spotted alfalfa aphid reared on shoots cut from individual lucerne plants, was tested and used as a realistic bioassay of antibiosis. Within cultivars selected for aphid‐resistance there was a J‐shaped distribution of antibiosis between plants of the crop, the majority being highly resistant, a few apparently susceptible and a proportion partly‐resistant. For a given level of antibiosis, reproduction, mortality and thus initial age distribution of aphid populations were generally similar. Vegetative cloning of plants from the range of resistance available in a cultivar has allowed studies of the likely effect of spatial variation of resistance in crops on aphid infestations, using experimental arrays of cut shoots. Simulation of aphid invasion of crops by the placement of adults on all shoots of an array gave results explicable only if the aphids moved through the array to find and breed on the more susceptible plants. A patchy arrangement of these, as might be expected in a field crop, would not hinder the aphids, for although movement off a plant is stimulated by higher resistance (non‐preference) levels, it was inferred that aphids will move onto higher resistance plants, eventually to reach lower resistance plants beyond.RésuméRéactions de Therioaphis trifolii à la variabilité entre des pieds de différents cultivars de Medicago sativa résistants aux puceronsL'étude de la multiplication initiale des effectifs de T. trifolii, élevés au laboratoire sur pousses de différents pieds de luzerne, a servi de test d'antibiose pour les cultures en plein champ. La distribution de l'antibiose, dans des échantillons importants de plantes appartenant à des cultivars sélectionnés pour leur résistance aux pucerons, a présenté une forme en J, c'est‐à‐dire que la majorité des plantes était très résistante, quelques unes apparemment sensibles, et un certain nombre intermédiaries entre ces deux extrêmes. Pour un niveau donné d'antibiose, la reproduction, la mortalité et ainsi la distribution initiale en âges dans les populations de pucerons ont été généralement identiques. La multiplication végétative de plantes présentant un gradient de résistance à l'intérieur d'un cultivar et l'utilisation d'un plan de distribution des boutures ont permis l'étude de ce qui semble être l'effet de l'hétérogénéité spatiale sur la résistance des cultures aux attaques de pucerons. La simulation d'une invasion de la culture par les pucerons en placant des adulte sur toutes les boutures d'un rang ne pouvait donner une explication de la croissance de la population que si les pucerons se déplacaient le long du rang pour découvrir et exploiter les pieds les plus sensibles. Une distribution par taches, comme on peut l'envisager dans un champ, ne devrait pas gêner les pucerons, car bien que les mouvements d'évasion soient stimulés par les niveaux de résistance élevés (de non‐préférence), on peut en déduire que les pucerons se déplaceront sur des plantes très résistantes, eventuellement pour atteindre des plantes moins résistantes placées derriere.