Apeiba Tibourbou Research Articles

Atividade fitotóxica dos extratos aquosos de Apeiba tibourbou Aubl. e Curatella americana L. na germinação de sementes de Lactuca sativa L.

ABSTRACT Allelochemicals have been used as an alternative to pesticides and inhibit the action of pathogens or stimulating the growth of other plants. This study aimed to analyze the phytotoxic potential of the species Apeiba tibourbou Aubl. (Malvaceae) pau-de-jangada and Curatella americana L. (Dilleniaceae) lixeira on the germination of Lactuca sativa L. seeds (Asteraceae). Aqueous extracts of A. tibourbou and C. americana leaves at different concentrations were applied on L. sativa seeds for seven days. The species studied have the potential to control the germination of lettuce seeds treated with lixeira and pau-de-jangada extracts, especially in terms of germination speed index and average germination time. The extracts of both species have phytotoxic potential for controlling germination.

Effect of Amazonian tree species on soil and pasture quality in silvopastoral systems

ABSTRACT With the expansion of livestock in the Amazon region, a high percentage of pasture areas are degraded and unproductive. Novel strategies are needed, including the use of native tree species, to simultaneously achieve economic and ecosystem benefits. This study aimed at assessing the effects of five multipurpose native tree species on soil fertility and forage quality of Urochloa brizantha pastures in the southern Amazon. Soil and forage samples were collected under the crown and adjacent to 25 isolated trees belonging to five species during a dry and a rainy season. The presence of native trees positively affected the level of potassium, calcium and manganese in the soil, as well as the mineral matter and crude protein of the forage, especially in the dry season, suggesting a protective effect against the seasonal drought. The tree species had variable effects on soil fertility and forage quality. Soil under Apeiba tibourbou had higher potassium levels, while the forage under Handroanthus serratifolius had higher protein and fiber content. Our results indicate that it is important to diversify silvopastoral systems in the Amazon through the use of native tree species, contributing to the design of novel silvopastoral strategies in the region. Common multipurpose tree species with widespread natural distribution could be used as a complementary aspect of pasture management to provide a protective effect against drought, contribute to enhanced nutrient cycling and even increase forage quality.

Fishermen do more than fish: local ecological knowledge of raftsmen about the arboreal species used to construct rafts (Bahia, Brazil)

BackgroundTraditional raft (jangada), piúba wood raft (jangada de pau de piúba), six-log raft (jangada de seis paus), and wooden raft (jangada de pau) are some of the names given to the traditional Brazilian watercrafts created from the buoyancy of bound logs. The traditional raft is a watercraft used and built by artisan fishermen who have, throughout generations, kept and improved knowledge related to this practice and the use of the plant species they need as raw materials. Active groups of these fishermen and their watercrafts are distributed along 200 km of the coast of the state of Bahia. The fishermen interviewed in this study are at the southern limit of distribution for the use of this type of vessel.MethodsThis study aimed to characterize the use of the arboreal species applied in the construction of the traditional raft in the municipalities of Uruçuca, Ilhéus, and Canavieiras in the southern State of Bahia, Brazil. For this purpose, structured and semi-structured interviews were individually conducted with 36 fishermen, and walking tours were conducted with specialists in the construction of the watercraft.ResultsWe observed that the raftsmen use 21 species to construct the traditional raft. The features of the wood, such as density, flexibility, and availability, are the main criteria applied to choose the arboreal species. Some species are preferred, such as pau de jangada (Apeiba tibourbou) and biriba (Eschweilera ovata), which are the most frequently employed in watercraft manufacturing.ConclusionsThe southern Bahia population is familiar with the different tree species that are linked to their fishing activities. The main link between the fishermen and the useful species is present in the practice of raft construction. Currently, the restricted access to raw materials limits this practice, which consequently results in the cultural erosion of this community.

Hepatoprotective and antioxidant activities of dry standardized extract of Apeiba tibourbou Aubl, in mice

Due to its chemical composition and use in folk medicine, the dry standardized extract of Apeiba tibourbou Aubl. (Tiliaceae) leaves (DSEAT) was tested to assess its hepatoprotective activity against carbon tetrachloride (CCl4)-induced hepatotoxicity in mice. The animals were treated with DSEAT previously for 7 days, at doses of 25, 50, 100, 200, and 400 mg/kg and 18 mg/kg of rosmarinic acid; the liver damage was induced by administering CCl4 intraperitoneally (i.p.) at days 3 and 7, and 1 h before treating with DSEAT. The hepatoprotective activity was assessed using various biochemical assays such as alanine transaminase (ALT), aspartate transaminase (AST), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), gammaglutamyltransferase (GGT), malondialdehyde (MDA) and histopatological studies. DSEAT doses of 400, 200, and 100 mg/kg were not capable of protecting the liver against CCl4. However, the dose of 50 mg/kg reduced AST by 31.50% the dose of 25 mg/kg reduced GGT by 57.18% compared to the CCl4 (p < 0.05). In the liver, DSEAT dose of 50 mg/kg and rosmarinic acid reduced MDA by 27.45% and 63.61%, respectively, whereas in plasma, MDA was reduced in all the groups treated with DSEAT and rosmarinic acid. In conclusion, DSEAT exhibits hepatoprotective effect only at low doses and antioxidant activity in vivo after peroral administration. The experimental protocol was approved by the Animal Research Ethics Committee of UFG (CEUA, no. 177/2011).

Artisanal mining and the use of plant diversity

This essay presents the variety of vegetation which is utilized in traditional mining activities in the municipalities of Cértegui (Subdistricts of: Cértegui cabecera, La Toma y Recta Larga) and the Panamerican Union (Subdistricts of Animas, Agua Clara and Quiadó). The data is a product of an ethnographic investigation which selected 57 active traditional miners of the local population in the project’s area of influence to demonstrate a sample of the “Application of techniques and practices for cleaner production in gold and platinum mining in the department of Chocó”. These miners aided in recognizing, collecting, photographing, and identifying 78 species of vegetation used in activities associated with traditional mining such as: separation of metals (separating gold from jagua, settling the greasy gold and blackening the troughs), creating traditional tools (troughs, sifters, mining tools to store save and weigh gold) to work in different types of traditional mining (‘guaches’ or pits, mazamorreo or barequeo (gold-panning), hoyadero (underground mining), zambullidero (underwater mining), canalon (sluice box), agua corrida (streaming water), cuelgas (channels) and arrimadero), and confirming the affectivity by performing demonstrations of the separation of gold from jagua with mucilaginous strata of vegetation. Examples of this vegetation include: snakewood (Cecropia peltata), rhombus-leaved sida (Sida rhombifolia), Common Broom (Pavonia fruticosa), Shoeblackplant (Hibiscus rosa-sinensis), Balsa tree (Ochroma pyramidale) and Guácimo (Apeiba tibourbou).

Micropropagation of Apeiba tibourbou Aubl (Tiliaceae), a multipurpose species with wide distribution in forests of Brazil

Micropropagation of Apeiba tibourbou Aubl (Tiliaceae), a multipurpose species with wide distribution in forests of Brazil

Evaluation of extraction method on the chemical composition in Apeiba tibourbou Aubl's extracts.

Background:The extraction method of bioactive compounds is an important step in the manufacturing of herbal medicines, because secondary metabolites with therapeutic potential are usually found in small quantities in plant materials.Objective:Due the potential of Apeiba tibourbou Aubl, this study aimed to evaluate the impact of the extraction method on the quality of herbal extract and optimize the extraction of fatty acid, rosmarinic (Ra) and caffeic (Ca) acid from A. tibourbou.Materials and Methods:Determinations of residual moisture (Rm), proteins (Pt), lipids (Lp), total fiber (Tf), and carbohydrate (Cy) were performed in triplicate samples according assessment of antioxidant capacity. Extraction of fatty acids was carried out by two different methods: (i) By shoxlet and (ii) bligh and dyer. The optimized conditions were determined by surface response methodology (RSM), and the criterion of desirability was the maximum extraction of Ra and Ca.Results:The method of bligh and dyer was able to extraction more total Lp than the shoxlet. However, the extraction of fatty acid was different for the two methods. The optimized conditions to extract RA and Ca was calculated by RSM, 42°C, 30% (alcohol degree) and 24 min, this conditions maximize simultaneously the extraction of Ca (0, 04%) and Ry (1.89),Conclusion:It was observed that the extraction method alters the chemical composition of extract, and it is possible to extract Ca and Ra from A. tibourbou's leaves using ultrasound-assisted extraction.

Tratamentos pré-germinativos e temperaturas para a germinação de sementes de Apeiba tibourbou Aubl.

A Apeiba tibourbou Aubl. é uma espécie arbórea pertencente à família Tiliaceae, conhecida popularmente como pau-de-jangada, sendo utilizada como planta ornamental, na medicina popular e na fabricação de pequenas embarcações. Objetivou-se nesse trabalho avaliar o efeito de diferentes tratamentos pré-germinativos e de temperaturas na germinação de sementes de A. tibourbou. As sementes foram submetidas aos seguintes tratamentos: testemunha - sementes intactas (T1); escarificação mecânica com lixa d'água nº 80, por 5 minutos (T2); escarificação mecânica com lixa d'água nº 80, por 5 minutos, seguida de embebição em água à temperatura ambiente por 12 e 24 h (T3 e T4, respectivamente); imersão em água na temperatura de 100 °C por 15 minutos (T5) e imersão em ácido sulfúrico por 1, 5, 10, 15 e 20 minutos (T5, T6, T7, T8, T9 e T10, respectivamente) e colocadas para germinar nas temperaturas de 25, 30, 35 e 20-30 °C. Utilizou-se o delineamento inteiramente ao acaso, com quatro repetições, sendo os tratamentos distribuídos em esquema fatorial 10 x 4 e as médias comparadas pelo teste de Scott - Knott, a 5% de probabilidade. As características avaliadas foram: porcentagem de germinação, primeira contagem de germinação, índice de velocidade de germinação e comprimento de plântulas. Os tratamentos que envolveram a imersão em ácido sulfúrico não superaram a dormência de sementes de A. tibourbou. Para germinação das sementes de A. tibourbou recomenda-se a escarificação com lixa d'água nº 80 por 5 minutos e a temperatura de 30 °C.

Vigor das sementes de &lt;i&gt;Apeiba tibourbou&lt;/i&gt; Aubl. sob difrentes condições de armazenamento e embalagens.

O presente trabalho teve como objetivo avaliar o vigor das sementes de pau-de-jangada (Apeiba tibourbou) quando estas foram submetidas a diferentes condições de armazenamento e embalagens durante 225 dias. Após o beneficiamento, as sementes de pau-de-jangada foram acondicionadas nas seguintes embalagens: vidro transparente, sacos de papel Kraft e sacos de polietileno transparente e armazenadas nos ambientes: natural de laboratório (24,8ºC a 28ºC; UR 68,9 a 82,5%), freezer (-20ºC; UR 90%) e câmara (18,5 ± 1ºC; UR 71 ± 3%). Para avaliação da qualidade inicial das sementes e a cada 45 dias, totalizando 225 dias de armazenamento, foi determinado o teor de água das sementes e realizados testes de vigor (porcentagem e velocidade de emergência, comprimento e massa seca das plântulas). Dentre as condições de armazenamento estudadas, a mais adequada para conservação das sementes de pau-de-jangada por 180 dias, com menor perda de vigor, foi o ambiente natural de laboratório, quando se utilizou a embalagem saco de polietileno.

Efeito do tipo de embalagem e do ambiente de armazenamento sobre a germinação e o vigor das sementes de Apeiba tibourbou AUBL.

Este trabalho teve por objetivo avaliar o efeito do tipo da embalagem e do ambiente de armazenamento sobre a germinação e o vigor das sementes de Apeiba tibourbou Aubl. As sementes foram acondicionadas nas embalagens: vidro transparente, sacos de papel Kraft e sacos de polietileno transparente e armazenadas nos seguintes ambientes: natural de laboratório (24,8ºC a 28ºC; UR 68,9 a 82,5%), freezer (-20ºC; UR 90%, constantes) e câmara (18,5 ± 1ºC; UR 71 ± 3%). Para avaliação da qualidade inicial e a cada 45 dias de armazenamento, foi determinado o teor de água das sementes e realizados testes de germinação e vigor. Os resultados permitiram concluir que as sementes apresentaram maior germinação e vigor quando foram acondicionadas nas embalagens saco de papel Kraft e saco de polietileno, em ambiente natural de laboratório.

Antibiotic proteins from Apeiba tibourbou, Bixa orellana and Mucuna urens seeds actives against Rhodococcus equi

Antibiotic proteins from Apeiba tibourbou, Bixa orellana and Mucuna urens seeds actives against Rhodococcus equi

Effect of high temperature on chalazal plug removal and germination in Apeiba tibourbou Aubl.

26 Topic: Research Notes Key Author: Matthew I. Daws Correspondence Address: Seed Conservation Department Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew Wakehurst Place Ardingly, West Sussex RH17 6TN UK E-mail: m.daws@rbgkew.org.uk Authors: M.I. Daws, D. Orr, D.F.R.P. Burslem and C.E. Mullins Effect of high temperature on chalazal plug removal and germination in Apeiba tibourbou Aubl. Pages: 221-225 We tested the effects of a two minute wet heat treatment at a range of temperatures on germination of Apeiba tibourbou seeds. Exposure to >50°C for two minutes resulted in an increase in germination from c. 0 to 80% and resulted in the removal of the chalazal cap. Physical removal of the chalazal cap or mechanical scarification of the seed coat allowed water uptake and subsequent germination. Our results indicate that A. tibourbou seeds exhibit physical dormancy that can be overcome with hot water treatment, chalazal cap removal or mechanical scarification of the testa.

Biochemical characterization of selected plant species from Brazilian Savannas

The aim of this work was to analyze and quantify the presence of antinutritional compounds such as lectins and trypsin-like inhibitors, polyphenols and tannins, and enzymatic activity of peroxidases and proteases in the seeds of Annona crassiflora Mart. (araticum), Hymenaea courbaril L. var. courbaril (jatobá), Plathymenia reticulata Benth. (vinhático), Zanthoxylum rhoifolium Lam. (maminha de porca), Apeiba tibourbou Aubl. (pau jangada), Salacia crassiflora Mart G. Don. (bacupari), and Sclerolobium paniculatum Vog. (carvoeiro). The results suggested that these plants could be used as new source of food.

Seasonal differences in isoprene and light‐dependent monoterpene emission by Amazonian tree species

AbstractWhereas for extra‐tropical regions model estimates of the emission of volatile organic compounds (VOC) predict strong responses to the strong annual cycles of foliar biomass, light intensity and temperature, the tropical regions stand out as a dominant source year round, with only little variability mainly due to the annual cycle of foliar biomass of drought‐deciduous trees. As part of the Large Scale Biosphere Atmosphere Experiment in Amazônia (LBA‐EUSTACH), a remote secondary tropical forest site was visited in the dry‐to‐wet season transition campaign, and the trace gas exchange of a strong isoprene emitter and a monoterpene emitter are compared to the wet‐to‐dry season transition investigations reported earlier. Strong seasonal differences of the emission capacity were observed. The standard emission factor for isoprene emission of young mature leaves of Hymenaea courbaril was about twofold in the end of the dry season (111.5 μgC g−1 h−1 or 41.2 nmol m−2 s−1) compared to old mature leaves investigated in the end of the wet season (45.4 μgC g−1 h−1 or 24.9 nmol m−2 s−1). Standardized monoterpene emission rate of Apeiba tibourbou were 2.1 and 3.6 μgC g−1 h−1 (or 0.3 and 0.8 nmol m−2 s‐1), respectively. This change in species‐specific VOC emission capacity was mirrored by a concurrent change in the ambient mixing ratios. The growth conditions vary less in tropical areas than in temperate regions of the world, and the seasonal differences in emission strength could not be reconciled solely with meteorological data of instantaneous light intensity and temperature. Hence the inadequacy of using a single standard emission factor to represent an entire seasonal cycle is apparent. Among a host of other potential factors, including the leaf developmental stage, water and nutrient status, and abiotic stresses like the oxidative capacity of the ambient air, predominantly the long‐term growth temperature may be applied to predict the seasonal variability of the isoprene emission capacity. The dry season isoprene emission rates of H. courbaril measured at the canopy top were also compared to isoprene emissions of the shade‐adapted species Sorocea guilleminiana growing in the understory. Despite the difference in VOC emission composition and canopy position, one common algorithm was able to predict the diel emission pattern of all three tree species.

Isoprene and monoterpene emissions of Amazônian tree species during the wet season: Direct and indirect investigations on controlling environmental functions

As part of the project LBA‐EUSTACH (European Studies on Trace gases and Atmosphere Chemistry as a contribution to the Large‐Scale Biosphere‐Atmosphere experiment in Amazonia), we examined the diel pattern of isoprenoid exchange in the wet season of 1999 at a remote field site in Rondônia, Brazil. The emission pattern of two tree species in a secondary forest was investigated by means of a dynamic branch enclosure system and was compared on the basis of climatological variables like temperature and light and physiological parameters such as assimilation, transpiration, and stomatal conductance. While the species Hymenaea courbaril was found to be a strong isoprene emitter, Apeiba tibourbou was found to exclusively emit monoterpenes and no isoprene. Species‐related standard emission factors calculated on a carbon basis were 45.4 μg g−1 h−1 (24.9 nmol m−2 s−1) for isoprene and 3.6 μg g−1 h−1 (0.75 nmol m−2 s−1) for monoterpene emission, representing a nontrivial carbon loss by the plants of 1.8% and 0.1% C relative to the net carbon assimilation on a daily basis. About 90% of the total monoterpene emission from A. tibourbou was comprised of sabinene, α‐pinene, β‐pinene, myrcene, and limonene, in decreasing quantity. Despite the difference in isoprenoid emission composition, the diel emission pattern of both tree species reacted similarly toward the environmental conditions, fluctuating light and temperature, indicating that closely related metabolic controls were involved in the actual emission. Both isoprene emission and monoterpene emission exhibited a light saturation curve similar to CO2 assimilation. No isoprenoid emission was found during nighttime. The strong light dependence of the monoterpene emission by A. tibourbou suggests that this tree species does not store monoterpenes but emits them immediately upon production. The diel pattern of both the isoprene and the monoterpene emission could be adequately simulated by current isoprene algorithms. The ambient air mixing ratios of isoprenoids were clearly dominated by isoprene, with peak values of 8 ppb inside the main canopy. Vertical gradients of ambient air mixing ratios in and above a primary rain forest site illustrated the emission of isoprene by the main canopy dependent upon light and temperature but were also indicative of a potential sink at the forest floor. For monoterpenes, corresponding gradients could hardly be resolved, reflecting observed ambient air mixing ratios more than an order of magnitude lower than for isoprene. Nevertheless, a strong diel cycle of short‐lived monoterpene compounds like α‐pinene was found in the primary as well as in the secondary forest site, which further strengthens our finding of a strong light dependence of biogenic monoterpene emission even on a larger scale. Our findings to some extent question the applicability of the commonly used monoterpene emission algorithm to the tropics. A strong light dependence of biogenic monoterpene emissions may, if generalized for tropical tree species in common, have a strong impact on estimated global flux rates for tropical regions.

Ecological Distribution of Chlorophyllous Developing Embryos among Perennial Plants in a Tropical Deciduous Forest

Ecological Distribution of Chlorophyllous Developing Embryos among Perennial Plants in a Tropical Deciduous Forest