Anxiety Stress Scale Research Articles

Connections between job satisfaction and depression, anxiety, and stress among nurses

IntroductionAs a cornerstone of overall wellbeing, mental health significantly influences job satisfaction, vital for employee retention and organizational success. Recognizing this, managers prioritize initiatives to enhance job satisfaction and promote a healthy, productive work environment.AimsThe study aims to explore the connections between depression, anxiety, stress, and job satisfaction among nurses, providing insights to improve their wellbeing and retention in the profession.MethodsThis quantitative survey study was conducted from June to September 2024, involving 643 nurses from healthcare facilities in Klaipėda County. Data were collected using two validated instruments: the Depression, Anxiety Stress Scales (DASS-42) and the Paul Spector Job Satisfaction Survey (JSS). Statistical analysis was performed using IBM SPSS Statistics Version 29.0.1.0.ResultsThe study found that while the average levels of depression, anxiety, and stress among nurses were within normal limits, a significant portion of participants exhibited compromised mental health. Nearly one-third of the nurses experienced stress and/or depression, and almost half reported anxiety. Over one-sixth of the participants experienced high or very high levels of anxiety, while severe depression or stress was less common. Factors such as years of experience, workload, and work schedule were identified as significant influences on nurses’ psychoemotional state. Moderate to strong positive correlations were observed between depression, anxiety, and stress levels. Additionally, the nurses’ mental health was statistically significantly and negatively associated with most components of job satisfaction.ConclusionDespite average levels of depression, anxiety, and stress being within normal limits, many nurses face significant mental health challenges, particularly anxiety. Factors like workload and work schedules strongly influence their wellbeing. The negative link between mental health and job satisfaction highlights the need for better support to improve nurses’ wellbeing and job satisfaction.

Psychological symptoms, quality of life and dyadic relations in family members of intensive care survivors: a multicentre, prospective longitudinal cohort study

BackgroundThere is scarce literature evaluating long term psychological or Quality of Life (QoL) outcomes in family members of ICU survivors, who have not experienced invasive ventilation. The objective was to compare long-term psychological symptoms and QoL outcomes in family members of intubated versus non-intubated ICU survivors and to evaluate dyadic relationships between paired family members and survivors.MethodsProspective, multicentre cohort study among four medical-surgical ICUs in Australia. Adult family members of ICU survivors and family-survivor dyads had follow-up assessments (3 and 12 months after ICU discharge), using Impact of Event Scale-Revised; Depression, Anxiety Stress Scales-21; EQ-5D-5L. Dyadic relationships examined associations of psychological symptoms or QoL impairments.ResultsOf 144 family members (75% female, 54% partners/spouses) recruited, 59% cared for previously intubated survivors. Overall, 83% (110/132) of eligible family members completed ≥ 1 follow-up. In family members of intubated vs non-intubated survivors, clinically significant psychological symptoms (PTSD/depression/anxiety) were reported by 48% vs 33% at 3-months (p = 0.15); and 39% vs 25% at 12-months (p = 0.23). Family self-rated their QoL with a mean score of 83 (SD 13) on a visual analogue scale (range 0–100), and > 30% reported problems in pain/discomfort or anxiety/depression domains at 12-months. Family members were more likely to have persistent psychological symptoms of PTSD [OR 4.9, 95% CI (1.47–16.1), p = 0.01] or depression [OR 14.6, 95% CI (2.9–72.6), p = 0.001]; or QoL domain problems with pain/discomfort [OR 6.5, 95% CI (1.14–36.8), p = 0.03] or anxiety/depression [OR 3.5, 95% CI (1.02–12.1), p = 0.04], when the paired survivor also reported the same symptoms.ConclusionsAlmost one-third of the family members of ICU survivors reported persistent psychological symptoms and QoL problems at 12-months. There was a noticeable dyad effect with family members more likely to have persistent symptoms of PTSD, depression, and problems in QoL domains when the paired ICU survivors experienced similar symptoms. The family members of non-intubated ICU survivors had an equal propensity to develop long-term psychological distress and should be included in long-term outcome studies. Future recovery intervention trials should be aimed at ICU family-survivor dyads.Trial registration ACTRN12615000880549

Mental Health Challenges in Architecture and Landscape Architecture Students

Background: College students are experiencing increasing levels of stress, anxiety, and depression, but little research exists on factors weakening the mental health of design students.Aim: This study investigates the prevalence and precursors of mental health challenges among architecture and landscape architecture students.Methods: This study used a convergent mixed-methods research design with three data collection methods: The Depression and Anxiety Stress Scale (DASS-21; n = 399 students), an online wellness survey (n = 269), and semi-structured interviews (n = 37).Results: Findings reveal that 33%, 46%, and 33% of students screened positive for moderate to extremely severe levels of depression, anxiety, and stress, respectively. The leading factors elevating stress included school deadlines and schedule, workload demands or amount of work outside of class, inadequate sleep, and time spent at work. Negative behaviors due to stress were discussed, including neglect of self-care (e.g., poor sleep patterns, eating habits, and physical inactivity), inability to focus, emotional instability, and social withdrawal.Conclusions: This study underscores mental health concerns among design students and identifies potential factors that contribute to unhealthy habits and compromise academic performance, including pedagogical approaches, learning and teaching culture, studio environment, and lifestyle choices.

Resilience and symptoms of depression and anxiety in adolescents: the mediating role of fear of missing out

BackgroundThis research aimed to determine the relationship of resilience and symptoms of depression and anxiety in Indonesian adolescents, particularly the degree to which the fear of missing out (FoMO) influenced resilience toward symptoms of depression and anxiety.Participants and procedureFive hundred nine Indonesian adolescents aged 12-18 participated in this research. Three psychological measures were used in this research: the Fear of Missing Out Scale (FoMO), the Depression and Anxiety Stress Scale-21 (DASS-21), and the Connor-Davidson Resilience Scale (CD-RISC).ResultsThe structural model showed that resilience did not significantly predict FoMO. It significantly and negatively affected depression, anxiety, and stress. Furthermore, FoMO was the strongest predictor for depression, followed by stress and anxiety. Gender significantly predicted psychological symptoms, with females being more prone to depression, anxiety, and stress than males. The percentage of variation explained for depression, anxiety, and stress was 15.8%, 15.1%, and 9.5%, respectively.ConclusionsThe study indicated that with higher adolescents’ resilience status there was a lower tendency of depression and anxiety. Based on the mediation results, FoMO did not significantly mediate the relationship between resilience and depression. These findings contribute to the impacts of online anxiety-related variables that can generate symptoms of stress and depression in adolescents.

The Trauma PORTAL-A Blended e-Health Intervention for Survivors of Childhood Interpersonal Trauma: An Open-Label Pilot Study.

Adults with mental health symptoms stemming from childhood interpersonal trauma require specialized trauma-focused psychological interventions. Limitations in accessing treatment interventions for this population necessitate innovative solutions. This study explored the feasibility of a protocol for a blended e-health psychoeducational treatment intervention for this population called the Trauma PORTAL (Providing Online tRauma Therapy using an Asynchronous Learning platform), combining asynchronous online modules and weekly live virtual group sessions. From October 2021 to February 2022, this prospective, single-arm study recruited participants who were waitlisted for trauma therapy at an academic hospital. The primary outcome was protocol feasibility, including recruitment, adoption, and intervention acceptability. Secondary outcomes were pre- and post-intervention post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) symptoms (PTSD Checklist for DSM-5 [PCL-5]), depression/anxiety/stress (Depression and Anxiety Stress Scale [DASS-21]), and emotion regulation (Difficulties in Emotion Regulation Scale [DERS-18]), which were compared using paired t-tests and presented as mean differences (MDs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs). A total of 66 participants (median age = 37, female = 61) were enrolled, and they completed on average 53.5% of the online modules. There were 51 (77%) participants who completed post-intervention questionnaires. Acceptability was very high, with 49 respondents (98%) reporting that the intervention increased their access to health care. There were reductions from pre- to post-intervention on the PCL-5 (49.1 vs. 36.7, MD -12.4, 95% CI 8.3-16.5), DERS-18 (51.8 vs. 48.8, MD -3.3, 95% CI 0.2-6.4), and DASS-21 (60.1 vs. 50.7, MD -9.4, 95% CI 2.3-16.6). The Trauma PORTAL intervention was feasible to implement, well-adopted, and highly acceptable in an ambulatory trauma therapy program. The findings show promising evidence for symptom reduction. Further evaluation of the Trauma PORTAL's efficacy in a randomized trial is warranted.

The relationship of smartphone addiction with depression, anxiety, and stress among medical students.

An increasing amount of research has shown a link between psychopathological behaviors such as smartphone addiction, depression, anxiety, and stress. The aim of this study was to assess the association of smartphone addiction with depression, anxiety, and stress. A cross-sectional study was conducted between 26th January and 3rd March 2021. The sample was chosen using a convenient sampling technique and Raosoft tool. The survey assessed smartphone addiction using abbreviated versions of the Addiction Scale Short Version, a self-administered questionnaire that has been validated in the English and Arabic languages. Also, Depression and Anxiety Stress Scale was used to measure the level of depression, anxiety, and stress among the university students. A total of 367 university students from the Medical and Health Sciences College participated. Our findings showed that smartphone addiction exhibited positive correlations with depression (r = 0.375, p < 0.01), anxiety (r = 0.253, p < 0.01), and stress (r = 0.328, p < 0.05). In addition, there was a strong positive correlation between depression and both anxiety and stress (r = 0.731, p < 0.01) (r = 0.778, p < 0.01), respectively. Finally, stress and anxiety showed a positive correlation (r = 0.708, p < 0.01). When combined, our data offer strong support for a bidirectional hybrid theory that takes into account the link between smartphone addiction and depression, anxiety, and stress. The current study's findings might assist national health authorities in strengthening their efforts to prevent depression, anxiety, and stress associated with the use of modern technology.

Post traumatic stress disorder and co-morbid psychological disorders after Palestinians' home demolition: a comparative study.

Home demolition is one of the issues that the Palestinian community faces as a result of Israeli procedures that can impact Palestinian mental health. This study aimed to measure the prevalence of Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD), depression, anxiety, and stress among Palestinian citizens whose homes were demolished. A comparative cross-sectional design was adopted using a purposive sample of home demolished versus not home demolished Palestinian people. The Impact of Event Scale-Revised (IES-R) and the Depression and Anxiety Stress Scales (DASS) were used to assess the participants' levels of PTSD, depression, anxiety, and stress. The Statistical Package for the Social Sciences, Version 25, was applied to the statistical analysis. This study showed that PTSD levels among people whose homes were demolished are significantly high, with a mean of 3.2, which could be indicative of a clinical concern. However, the PTSD level in the comparison group had no significance, with a mean of 1.48. Stress, depression, and anxiety levels were represented as 32.71, in their means, 32.61, and 32.08, respectively, among home-demolished people, compared to stress 18.46, depression 15.87, and anxiety 13.06 among the non home demolished group. This study is one of the few that sheds light on one of the disadvantaged groups who suffer from home demolition and the severe mental problems that affect them, including PTSD, stress, depression, and anxiety). Furthermore, many related risk factors were studied in this research. As a future recommendation, further research is needed in this field, especially among disadvantaged groups. Stakeholders need to take action to improve the health system in Palestine.

Irrational Beliefs, Resilience and Mental Health of University Students

This study aimed to investigate the relationship between irrational beliefs, resilience, and mental health in university students. Due to the Covid-19 pandemic, 400 online participants from various Pakistani universities were a part of this study, predominantly female (72.3%), aged 18-25 years (MA= 22.17; SD= 2.42). Data was collected using Irrational Belief Inventory (Al-Heeti et al., 2012),Brief Resilience Scale (Smith et al., 2008) and Depression, Anxiety Stress Scale (Smith et al., 2008). Our independent variables were irrational beliefs (IBs) and resilience, while the dependent variable was students' mental health. Pearson Product Moment Correlation Coefficient, Multiple Hierarchical Regression, and Independent Sample t test were used. The results indicated that irrational beliefs likeworrying, rigidity, problem avoidance, and demand for approval were positively associated with mental health issues. However, emotional irresponsibility and resilience were negatively linked to mental health issues. All sub types of IBs were significant predictors of depression whereas, rigidity, problem avoidance and emotional irresponsibility were significant predictors of anxiety and stress.While demand for approval proved to be a significant predictor of stress. Resilience did not emerge as a significant predictor of mental health and there were no gender differences of IBs, Resilience and Mental Health Issues in university students. These findings hold implications for clinical psychologists, mental health workers, psychiatrists, and guidance counselors, suggesting that interventions like psychological therapies, behavioral techniques, college-based counseling, and family-university strategies could be incorporated into students' lives to reduce irrational beliefs and enhance mental well-being, thereby aiding their ability to cope with challenges.

Prevalence and Factors Influencing Trichotillomania Among Healthcare Workers and Students in Saudi Arabia: A Cross-Sectional Analytical Study.

Trichotillomania (TTM) is a psychiatric disorder characterized by repetitive pulling out of one's own hair, in which the scalp, brows, and eyelids are the most common sites. This study aimed to measure the prevalence of TTM among healthcare workers and students and to determine its association with psychiatric disorders. This cross-sectional study was conducted among healthcare workers and students in Saudi Arabia. Data were collected through an online self-administered questionnaire. The questionnaire consisted of sociodemographic characteristics, the Massachusetts General Hospital (MGH) Hairpulling Scale to measure TTM, and the Depression and Anxiety Stress Scale (DASS-21) to measure the psychiatric disorders of the participants. A convenience sampling technique was implemented. The sample size was calculated to be 385. Of the total 460 participants, 62% (n = 285) were students, 55% were females and 61.7% (n = 284) were aged between 18 and 24 years. The most commonly associated chronic disease was diabetes (n = 34, 7.4%), followed by asthma (n = 30, 6.5%). The prevalence of TTM was 4.8% (n = 22), which was higher among medical students (n = 15, 5.3%) as compared to medical workers (n = 7, 4%). While taking psychiatric medication (AOR = 0.197; 95% CI = 0.076-0.508 p = 0.001) was identified as the protective factor for TTM, previous diagnoses of psychiatric illness (AOR = 4.298; 95% CI = 1.759-10.499; p = 0.001), stress (AOR = 4.759; 95% CI = 1.541-14.695; p = 0.007), and depression (AOR = 3.149; 95% CI = 1.190-8.334; p = 0.021) were recognized as independent risk factors of TTM. Trichotillomania was less common among health workers and students in Saudi Arabia. However, if trichotillomania is present, the disorder was found to be more common among those with associated psychiatric illnesses, including those who wereanxious and depressed. Hence, further research is required to validate the impact of psychiatric conditions on the prevalence of TTM in the study region.

The Psychological Impact of Isotretinoin Therapy on Acne Vulgaris Patients.

Introduction Acne vulgaris is a dermatologic condition that affects the pilosebaceous unit. It is the most common skin disorder worldwide, and it is most prevalent during puberty. For patients with moderate to severe acne that is unresponsive to antibiotic treatment, the main treatment is oral isotretinoin. The objective of this study was to define the impact of isotretinoin and its well-established adverse effects on the psychological status of acne patients during treatment. Methods The sample cohort included 80 patients with acne vulgaris who were treated with isotretinoin. The sample size was calculated using the Raosoft [Raosoft.com (2015) Sample Size Calculator by Raosoft, Inc.] sample size calculator to maintain a confidence interval of 95% and a margin of error of 5%. The participants were assessed using the Depression and Anxiety Stress Scale-21 (DASS-21). The DASS-21 is a self-reporting scale used to measure the emotional states of depression, anxiety, and stress. This study was a cross-sectional survey conducted at the dermatology outpatient clinic at King Abdulaziz Medical City, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia. All patients diagnosed with acne vulgaris between January and April 2020 were included in the study. A multivariate regression analysis was also conducted to determine the presence of any significant independent factors associated with depression, anxiety, and stress. A P-value of ≤0.05 was considered statistically significant. Results We observed that the most prevalent psychiatric disorder among acne patients on isotretinoin therapy was anxiety. Our results also indicate that a history of mental illness is an independent risk factor for developing depression when isotretinoin is used. In addition, known adverse physical effects of isotretinoin treatment, including muscle pain, arthralgia, and headaches significantly increase the likelihood of patients developing psychiatric morbidity during therapy. Conclusion Isotretinoin is a highly potent therapy for acne. Overall, the physical side effects profile is well acknowledged, yet the exact psychological impact the treatment predisposes the patients to is yet to be determined.

The effect of mandatory post-call relief on sleep and wellness in ophthalmology residents

BackgroundMultiple duty hour reforms have been implemented to optimize resident wellness through increasing opportunities for sleep recovery, but few studies have recorded objectively measured sleep or shown direct sleep and wellness benefits from such interventions. This study seeks to determine whether mandatory post-call relief policies with a partial night float system improved resident sleep, activity, and burnout among ophthalmology residents taking home call.MethodsWe conducted a two group cohort study of ophthalmology residents at the University Washington comparing post graduate year-2 (PGY-2) resident sleep, activity, and burnout between the optional post-call relief group from July 1, 2017 to June 30, 2019 to the mandatory post-call relief group from July 1, 2019 to June 30, 2021.ResultsOf twenty total residents participating in the survey portion, 18 residents participated in the sleep and activity tracking portion of the study, 9 in in the optional post-call relief cohort, and 9 in the mandatory post-call relief cohort. The mandatory post-call relief group recorded longer total sleep on call than the optional post-call relief group (p < 0.001). There was no difference in overnight sleep recorded on call (median 3.4 h), but residents recorded more time napping in the mandatory post-call relief cohort (p < 0.001). There was no significant difference between cohorts in amount of sleep while not on call. Residents in the mandatory post-call relief cohort recorded higher average daily steps, higher exercise time, and lower sedentary time than residents in the optional post-call relief cohort (p < 0.001). They also recorded lower median emotional exhaustion on the Maslach Burnout Inventory and lower stress in the Depression and Anxiety Stress Scale in the mandatory post-call relief cohort (p = 0.008).ConclusionsImplementation of mandatory post-call relief policies with a partial night-float system among PGY-2 residents was associated with more post-call naps with more overall physical activity, lower emotional exhaustion scores, and lower stress scores, despite no changes to overnight sleep on call or total sleep. Although sample size limits interpretation of data, implementation of mandatory post call relief could be considered to improve post-call sleep in programs with home call.

Childhood Trauma and Adolescent Internalizing Problems: Examining the Mediating Role of Psychological Resilience and Moderating Role of Parental Emotional Socialization

To explore the mediating role of psychological resilience and the moderating role of parental emotional socialization in the relationship between childhood trauma and adolescent internalizing problem. Methods: A sample of 404 groups of adolescent families were recruited in this research to complete the Childhood Trauma Questionnaire, Depression and Anxiety Stress Scale, Emotions as a Child Scale, and 10-item Connor-Davidson Resilience Scale. Results: First of all, childhood trauma was positively correlated with adolescent depression (r = 0.51, P &lt; 0.01), anxiety (r = 0.40, P &lt; 0.01), and stress (r = 0.37, P &lt; 0.01). Secondly, adolescent psychological resilience played a mediating effect between childhood trauma and adolescent internalizing problems, with an effect value of 0.17, accounting for 36.96% of the total effect. In closing, both supportive and non-supportive responses of parental emotional socialization perceived by adolescents moderated the first half of the mediation pathway of adolescent psychological resilience and the direct pathway from childhood trauma to adolescent internalizing problems. Conclusion: Childhood trauma affects adolescent internalizing problems, which is indirectly influenced by psychological resilience. Additionally, the supportive and non-supportive responses of parental emotional socialization perceived by adolescents moderate the above-mentioned mediation process, indicating that improving parental emotional socialization level can reduce the severity of internalizing problems of adolescents with childhood trauma experience.

Implementation of Art Therapy Through the Creative Process of Creating Paintings to Reduce the Stress Levels of Students

Education aims to shape students to become human beings who are intelligent in thinking, morals, and able to fully realize their full potential. The higher the level of education will be in line with the increasingly heavy learning load. High learning loads and high social demands can also affect students' stress levels. So, it is not uncommon for students as students to experience a lot of despair which leads to suicide. These problems can be overcome by applying art therapy through a creative process. This study aims to apply art therapy through a creative process to reduce student stress levels. This study used mixed methods with a one-group design through tests (pre-test &amp; post-test) and painting the results before and after the intervention. The research subjects were selected by purposive sampling technique by taking the subject of a high-stress level 4 people consisting of two men and two women. The data analysis techniques used in this study include a) data collection, b) data reduction, c) data presentation, and d) draw conclusions. Data collection instruments used in one group of research subjects consisted of pre-test &amp; post-test before and after intervention using the Anxiety Stress Scales (DASS-42), observation, interviews, and documentation. The results of the study show that art therapy through a creative process can reduce student stress. This is proven from a comparison of the paintings before and after the intervention through art analysis. The results of the paintings show that the images of academic pressure and social pressure on students, after the intervention, there is a significant difference between one painting and another. In addition, the results of interviews conducted with the four research subjects felt more confident and self-controlled. The total score of the four subjects before the intervention was 123 with details of 36 (physical), 42 (emotional), and 45 (behavior), then after the intervention, the total score was 87 with details of 25 (physical), 32 (emotional), and 30 (behavior). So, this proves that art therapy is effective in reducing stress levels in college.

(019) Longitudinal Observation on the Prevalence and Impact of Psychological Distress Among Patients Treated for Erectile Dysfunction During the COVID Pandemic

Abstract Introduction The COVID global pandemic has significantly affected the delivery of the healthcare system with valued resources diverted to cope with more urgent clinical services. Erectile dysfunction (ED) is considered a non-urgent medical condition and hence, males with ED were not prioritised and invariably faced long delays in clinical management including postponement in surgical waitlist during this pandemic. Objective To assess the prevalence and impact of psychological distress among males with ED during the COVID pandemic based on changes in the outcomes of validated questionnaires such as the International Index of Erectile Function (IIEF), Depression and Anxiety Stress Scales (DASS-21), Sexual Distress Scale (SDS) and Decisional Engagement Scale (DES-10), as well as perceived availability of medical support. Methods Following ethics approval, this prospective longitudinal study tracked males with ED at a tertiary medical centre between June 2020 and June 2022. Inclusion criteria included males aged 20 to 70 years, who have pre-existing ED (greater than 6 months), receiving medical therapies for ED, and had enrolled in the prospective database at the time of the study. Exclusion criteria were those who have undergone penile prosthesis implantation or received major abdominopelvic surgery during the study period that may preclude sexual activity. All patients completed validated questionnaires at 0, 6, 12, 18 and 24 months with additional data collected during the peak periods of local COVID social measure lockdown. Results A total of 80 patients were identified during the 24 months and 20 patients dropped out due to surgery (15 patients) and incomplete follow-up (5 patients). The mean age of males was 46.8 (21-69) years, and the duration of ED was 14.5 (6-33) months. Almost one-third of the patients showed increased DASS scores on depression (38 patients) and anxiety (42 patients) subscales and one-quarter on stress (29 patients) subscales, with worse DASS scores during the peak periods of social measures. On the SDS questionnaire, higher concerns were registered across all domains apart from the question on regrets about your sexuality. The analyses showed a worsening of the IIEF scores (p&amp;lt;0.021), anxiety and stress (DASS score with p=0.045 and p=0.038, respectively) as well as SDS score (p=0.048) during this pandemic. However, the DES-10 scores were more positive with most patients reporting a score above 7 out of 10 in terms of items on accepting current arrangement (75%) and confidence in clinician decision-making about the treatment (80%) although most patients (92%) indicated the desire to be kept updated and provided with more detailed information on their clinical care. Conclusions The COVID pandemic has caused an adverse psychosexual impact on many patients’ erectile function and mental well-being, and social measures lockdown invariably heightened patient psychosexual distress. Our study showed regular clinical contact and medical reassurance coupled with an explanation of reasons for clinical delays in the non-urgent medical condition resulted in a high level of confidence in clinicians and potentially minimised emotional adjustment in the patients. Disclosure No

IMPACT OF FLOOD AND PSYCHOLOGICAL ADAPTATION ON FLOOD SURVIVOR IN MOJOKERTO REGENCY, INDONESIA

Background: Flood is a hydrometeorological disaster that has an impact on all aspects of human life. Many complaints expressed by flood victims include feelings of sadness, fear, worry, loss of valuables, and difficulty in carrying out daily activities.&#x0D; Objectives: Researchers measure stress levels as a result of overflow floods that occur every year and assess coping mechanisms for flood survivors in Mojoanyar District, Mojokerto Regency.&#x0D; Methods: Researchers used a cross-sectional method with a sample of 144 respondents (225 families). Data were collected using the Jalowiec Coping Scale (JCS) and Depression on Anxiety Stress Scale (DASS) instruments and then tested for contingency coefficient statistics (significance level 0.05).&#x0D; Results: The results showed that there were 19 respondents (13.2%) who had maladaptive coping mechanisms experienced severe stress. Adaptive respondents experienced mild stress as many as 50 respondents (34.7%). The results of statistical tests show that there is a relationship between coping mechanisms and stress levels for flood survivors with a correlation value of 0.632 with a significance of 0.00 (p&lt;0.05).&#x0D; Conclusion: Based on the findings, flood survivors need to improve their coping mechanisms in order to be able to adapt psychologically to post-flood conditions. Good cooperation between the community and the government, the business world, academia and the media is needed to address disaster complaints and reduce the risk of future disasters.

The relationship between dietary patterns and insomnia in young women.

There is mounting evidence that eating habits affect sleeping patterns and their quality. The goal of this study was to evaluate the associations between major dietary patterns, identified using principal component analysis (PCA) and insomnia in young women. The study subjects comprised 159 healthy young women aged 18-25 years. Neuropsychological assessment was performed using standard instruments, including a cognitive ability questionnaire (CAQ), depression and anxiety stress scales (DASS-21), insomnia severity index (ISI), Epworth sleepiness scale (ESS), and quality of life questionnaire (QLQ). Dietary patterns were obtained from a 65-item validated food frequency questionnaire (FFQ) in this study, using PCA. Two major dietary patterns were identified that were termed: "Traditional" and "Western." The Western pattern was characterized by a high intake of snacks, nuts, dairy products, tea, fast foods, chicken, and vegetable oils. Subjects with moderate/severe insomnia were found to have lower scores for total cognitive ability task, nocturnal sleep hours, and physical and mental health, but higher scores for depression, anxiety, stress, and daytime sleepiness compared to those without insomnia (p < 0.05). After adjustment for potential confounders, high adherence to the Western dietary pattern was associated with higher odds of insomnia (OR = 5.9; 95% confidence intervals: 1.9-18.7; p = 0.003). Our findings indicated adherence to Western pattern may increase the odds of insomnia. Prospective research is required to determine the feasibility of targeting dietary patterns to decrease the odds of insomnia.

Social and physical predictors of mental health impact in adult women who have an FMR1 premutation

PurposeClear understanding of mental health phenotypes and associated socioeconomic, physical health and well-being impacts in adult women with an FMR1 premutation (PM) is needed for counseling and primary healthcare. MethodsA questionnaire captured mental health conditions in women with a PM, using lifetime diagnosis and nested psychometric scales (Liebowitz Social Anxiety Scale; Depression and Anxiety Stress Scale). Socioeconomic, physical health and well-being data were entered into 2 multivariable logistic regression models (1 with depression status as the outcome variable and 1 with social anxiety as the outcome). Results137 participants were included. Depression was found in ∼30% and social anxiety in ∼38%. With depression status the outcome variable, strongest associations were for low education, diagnosis of migraine, diagnosis of irritable bowel syndrome, and self-reported hearing loss symptoms. With social anxiety status as the outcome, strongest associations were with education, migraine, irritable bowel syndrome, relationship status, and subjective memory complaints. ConclusionMental health impacts were found in more than 1 in 3 women. Poor mental health was significantly associated with socioeconomic and physical health factors. Findings may inform health care professionals about personalized treatment options for women with a PM.

Prevalence of Depression, Anxiety, and Stress Among Undergraduate Students During Open and Distance Learning (ODL)

The World Health Organization (WHO) has declared COVID-19 a pandemic after the outbreak became increasingly severe. The Malaysian government has taken various measures to reduce the spread of COVID-19 to protect Malaysians from the adverse effects of COVID-19 infection. One action taken by the Ministry of Higher Education Malaysia is to close all educational institutions that previously conducted face-to-face learning and replace it with open and distance learning (ODL). The unprecedented experience of ‘home quarantine’ has a wide range of effects on students’ mental health. This study aimed to assess depression, anxiety, and stress levels and examine the relationship between socio-demographic characteristics and the Depression and Anxiety Stress (DASS) subscale among undergraduate students. A cross-sectional survey of 258 undergraduate students in the public universities in Malaysia was conducted between October 2021 and January 2022 using convenience sampling techniques. The survey instrument used in this study was designed and adapted based on the Depression and Anxiety Stress scale-21 (DASS-21). An independent sample T-test and a One-Way ANOVA were used to investigate the association between these perspectives. The findings revealed that 30.2% had severe depression, 52.3% experienced very severe anxiety, and 36.4% experienced moderate stress among undergraduate students. Anxiety and stress showed significant differences between gender, age group, level of education, and place of residence compared with depression. Therefore, it is important to identify students with mental health issues to receive appropriate interventions. Further studies are needed to design intervention program strategies for this group of students.

Prevalence of Depression, Anxiety, Stress, and Fear of COVID-19 Among the Students of the University of Bojnord in Iran

Background and Objectives: A significant increase in mental problems among students have been reported during the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. The present study aims to investigate the prevalence of depression, anxiety, stress, and fear of COVID-19 and the relationships between them among college students, approximately two years after the onset of the pandemic in Iran. Methods: In this descriptive study, 148 students were recruited from the University of Bojnord using a convenience sampling method. The depression, anxiety stress scale (DASS) and the Fear of COVID-19 Scale were used to collect data. Descriptive statistics, t-test, and Pearson correlation test were used to analyze the data. Results: The results show that 15.5% of students had depression, 12.8% had anxiety, and 14.2% had stress and fear of COVID-19 symptoms. The mean score of DASS in this study was not significantly different from the scores reported in the beginning of pandemic. The fear of COVID-19 had no significant relationship with depression, anxiety, and stress. Conclusion: The levels of depression, anxiety and stress two years after the COVID-19 pandemic do not differ from their levels at the beginning of the pandemic among college students, but the fear of COVID-19 level is significantly lower. Acceleration of the vaccination and the increase of awareness about the disease might be reasons for improvement in the psychological status of students.

Explaining individual differences in cognitive performance: The role of anxiety, social support and living arrangements during COVID-19

The present study investigated the relationship between anxiety, social support, living arrangements and cognitive performance of university students during the global pandemic. Two hundred and fifteen students participated by completing online questionnaires. Separate moderated multiple regression models were used to test whether social support (Family, Friends, Significant Other subscales of the Multidimensional Scale of Perceived Social Support) moderated the relationship between anxiety (Anxiety subscale of Depression, Anxiety Stress Scale), living arrangements (Living Alone vs Living with Friends and Family) and cognitive performance (Cognitive Failures Questionnaire), after controlling for comorbid depression. The results for each level of perceived social support suggested that anxiety was negatively associated with cognitive performance. Our most significant finding was that for students living alone, social support from a significant other offered a protective factor, whereby buffering the anxiety related cognitive deficits prevalent in those who reported lower social support. These data have important practical implications for supporting the social-emotional and academic needs of university students during the global pandemic.