Anxiety In Mothers Research Articles

The level of corona anxiety in mothers with children suffering from cancer and other diseases referring to Shahid Sadoughi Hospital in Yazd during the covid 19 pandemic

Introduction: This study was conducted to compare Covid-19 anxiety in mothers with cancer children and mothers with children who have other diseases during the Covid-19 pandemic.
 Methods: This was a descriptive-analytical and cross-sectional study conducted on 250 mothers with cancer children and mothers with children who have other diseases. They visited the clinic and oncology department of Shahid Sadoughi Hospital in Yazd in 1400.
 Convenience sampling method was used. Data collection tools were demographic information and Covid-19 anxiety questionnaires. Data were analyzed with a confidence level of 95%.
 Results: The mean anxiety score of mothers of children with cancer was 36.36±11.16. The mean anxiety score of mothers of children with other diseases was lower ( 34.65±10.82), based on the t-test statistical test, but no significant difference was statistically observed between them.
 Conclusion: Findings showed that, in general, the average anxiety of mothers in both groups was high (more than 30 out of 54), but there was no significant difference between them regarding the anxiety score.
 More studies should be done in different situations and times to more precisely determine the factors affecting the intensity of anxiety of mothers with cancer children .

The Level of Anxiety of Pregnant Women and Postpartum Mothers During the Covid-19 Pandemic in Kejapan Sub-District

COVID-19 has an impact on people's welfare, it can be a psychological problem for pregnant women and postpartum mothers, one of which is anxiety. The purpose of this study was to determine the picture of the anxiety level of pregnant women and postpartum mothers during the COVID-19 pandemic. Research design is descriptive research. The samples were 28 pregnant women and 23 postpartum mothers in Kejapanan sub-district using cluster sampling technique. The instrument used is the perinatal anxiety screening scale (PASS). The results obtained were pregnant women and postpartum mothers in Kecmatan Kejapanan, during the COVID-19 pandemic, the majority experienced anxiety on a mild-moderate scale.

Sleep bruxism in children, from evidence to the clinic. A systematic review.

The present paper aims to systematically review the literature published from 2015 to 2023 on bruxism in children with the aim to compilate the best available evidence. A systematic search in the National Library of Medicine's PubMed, Medline (EBSCO), SCOPUS, and Google Scholar databases was performed to identify all studies on humans assessing genetic, biopsychosocial, and sleep factors assessed with any different approach for sleep bruxism (SB) in children and its interventions. The selected articles were assessed independently by the two authors according to a structured reading of the article's format (PICO). The quality of the articles was evaluated using Quality Assessments Tool for Experimental Bruxism Studies (Qu-ATEBS) and the JBI critical appraisal tools. A total of 16 articles were included for discussion in the review and grouped into questionnaire/parental-report (n = 7), SB assessment through parental report of SB and clinical examination (n = 4), and instrumental assessment (n = 5) studies. The total quality scores evaluated with STROBE and Qu-ATEBS were high for all included papers. However, in general, there was no control of bias strategies and there was no control group in the intervention studies. Investigations based on self-report, clinical, and instrumental bruxism assessment showed a positive association with genetics, quality of life aspects (school and emotional functions and overuse of screen-time), mother anxiety and family conformation, diet, alteration in sleep behaviors and architecture, and sleep breathing disorders. Additionally, the literature presents options to increase airway patency and, thus, reduce the occurrence of SB. Tooth wear was not found to be a major sign of SB in children. However, methods of SB assessment are heterogeneous and hamper a reliable comparison of the results.

Will I love my second baby as much as my first? Prevalence and psychosocial correlates of maternal-fetal relationship anxiety for second-time mothers.

Most mothers have more than one child. Second-time mothers may worry about whether they will love the second baby as much as their first child. The current study examined mothers' maternal-fetal relationship anxiety (MFRA) to their second baby, the prediction of mother-infant bonding (MIB) and infant-mother attachment security post-partum, and the psychosocial correlates of mothers' MFRA during pregnancy. Mothers (N = 241, 85.9% White, 5.4% Black, 2.9% Asian/American, 3.7% Latina) and their second-born infants (55% boys) living in the Midwestern United States participated in a longitudinal investigation starting in the last trimester of pregnancy, and 1, 4, 8, and 12 months postpartum. Most women reported little to no anxiety about forming an attachment to their second baby (89.1%). MFRA predicted less maternal warmth toward the baby at 1, 4, and 8 months postpartum, but did not predict security of the infant-mother attachment at 12 months. Prenatal MFRA was also related to maternal depressive symptoms, an insecure attachment with the first child, more marital distress, and more adult attachment avoidance and ambivalence prenatally. Mothers worrying about loving a second baby as much as their first child may be experiencing other psychosocial risks that have repercussions for the developing mother-infant relationship.

Long-term Behavioral Consequences of the COVID-19 Pandemic for Autistic Individuals and Their Mothers.

Long-term effects of the COVID-19 pandemic on autistic individuals and their families are recently emerging. This study investigated these effects in 40 mother-child dyads by measuring the behavioral problems of autistic individuals (via Aberrant Behavior Checklist) and their mothers' anxiety levels (via Beck Anxiety Inventory) during the pre-pandemic period, one month after, and one year after its onset. One year into the pandemic, aberrant behaviors of autistic individuals worsened only for those whose mothers had high anxiety levels. The continued negative impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the behavior of autistic individuals is related to their mother's anxiety level, highlighting the need to support maternal mental health in families with individuals with autism.

The Relationship Between Anxiety Level And Delivery Process In Primigravida Women In Kiki Sutresni Labor Clinic

Pregnancy and childbirth is a struggle full of risks for a woman, so this event will add to the emotional intensity and inner stress for every woman. Anxiety often accompanies during pregnancy and will reach its peak during labor. Childbirth becomes an experience that requires hard work and tiring struggle for women. The purpose of this study was to determine the relationship between the level of anxiety and labor in primigravida mothers. This type of research is analytic using a cross-sectional design. The population in this study were all third trimester primigravida mothers who came to give birth at the Kiki Sutresni Maternity Clinic as many as 45 people from February to April 2022. The sample in this study was purposive sampling using the slovin formula with a total sample of 31 people. Data analysis was performed using univariate analysis, bivariate with chi-square test. The results of bivariate analysis using the chi-square test showed that there was a relationship between the level of anxiety and labor in primigravida mothers (p=0.001). It is recommended that health services can provide information related to the delivery process and other factors that can provide good readiness for third trimester mothers so that labor goes well.

Investigation of anxiety, depression, and adjustment disorder in mothers of children with a seizure disorder in the Georgian population (P1-1.011)

<h3>Objective:</h3> Our study aimed to investigate the prevalence of depression, anxiety, and adjustment disorder in mothers of children with seizure disorders and to find the risk factors contributing to developing these diseases. <h3>Background:</h3> Around fifty million people worldwide have a seizure disorder, making it one of the most common neurological diseases globally. Studies have shown that caregivers of patients often experience mental health issues. However, there are few studies about the risk factors contributing to mental and adjustment disorders in mothers of children with seizures leading to chronic depression. <h3>Design/Methods:</h3> A cross-sectional study was conducted. Fifty-nine mothers of children with seizures aged 0–18 years were investigated in Georgia using questionnaires including information about sociodemographic, financial, and personal issues, as well as Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ9), General Anxiety Disorder-7 (GAD7), and Adjustment Disorder–New Module-7 (ADNM7). <h3>Results:</h3> Out of fifty-nine participants, fifty-five had one or more mental disorders. 37/59 had depression, 16/59 had adjustment disorder and 45/59 had GAD. The most common risk factor was financial issues. GAD and depression had a strong association with lack of family support. Adjustment disorder was mainly associated with patients’ mothers being aware of the disease before diagnosis. Stigma was primarily associated with depression, while conflicts within the family were associated with depression and adjustment disorder. <h3>Conclusions:</h3> Results of the study suggest that the most common risk factors causing mental distress are financial issues and lack of family support. This opens new avenues to develop preventive and management strategies for these diseases. <b>Disclosure:</b> Miss Alavidze has nothing to disclose. Miss Dias has nothing to disclose. Prof. Tkemaladze has nothing to disclose. Prof. Kasradze has nothing to disclose.

Psychometric evaluation and validation of the Postpartum Specific Anxiety Scale for the Spanish-speaking population: PSAS-ES

ObjectiveThe transition to motherhood is a period of risk for the development of mood disorders. Postpartum anxiety has not been as thoroughly studied as other emotional disorders despite its impact on mothers and their babies. The absence of standardized programmes for early detection and specific tools for its diagnosis means postpartum anxiety is often underestimated or overshadowed. This study aimed to translate and validate the Postpartum Specific Anxiety Scale [PSAS] for the Spanish population and to analyse its reliability as an exploratory tool for specific anxiety in mothers. MethodFour stages were followed in this research: translation and back-translation to obtain the Spanish version [PSAS-ES]; preliminary pilot study to explore the comprehensibility and ease of responding the items (n = 53); convergent validity analyses (n = 644); and test-retest reliability (n = 234). ResultsThe PSAS-ES has shown to have good acceptability, convergent validity and high internal consistency with a Cronbach's α coefficient of 0.93 for the overall scale of PSAS. The four factors had good reliability. The results of test-retest was 0.86, indicating excellent stability over time in the first 16 weeks. ConclusionThe psychometric results show that the PSAS-ES is a valid tool to explore and detect anxiety in Spanish mothers between 0 and 16 weeks postpartum.

The Level of Mother's Anxiety in Dealing with Diarrhea in Toddlers

Diarrhea is something condition Where somebody poop with consistency mushy or liquid, even can either water or accompanied mucus and blood. The frequency more often (usually three times or more) in One resulting day _ lost fluid and electrolyte. Study This aim for now the Level of Anxiety Mother in Face Diarrhea on Toddlers at the Health Center Labuan Rasoki Subdistrict Southeastern Padangsidimpuan. Can be measured with 5 categories that is No anxious, mild, moderate, severe and very heavy. The method used is quantitative with design descriptive with use questionnaire about level worry based on age, education, occupation and source information. Study This done in 31 mothers as sample taken _ with technique Accidental Sampling. Results study served in distribution frequency and percentage. From the results study find that level worry respondent experience level worry currently as much as 1 person (3%), level worry heavy as many as 2 people (6%) and level worry very heavy as many as 28 people (91%). So concluded that Level of Anxiety Mother in Face Diarrhea on Toddlers at the Health Center Labuhan Rasoki concern Southeast Padangsidimpuan In 2020 the majority experience level worry is very heavy.

A Family-Based Collaborative Care Model for Treatment of Depressive and Anxiety Symptoms in Perinatal Women: Results From a Pilot Study

Untreated perinatal depression and anxiety can have detrimental consequences on family function. Logistical barriers prevent many perinatal women from accessing treatment, and these barriers are compounded for women residing in rural areas. This paper describes a Family-Based Collaborative Care Model (FBCCM) that is designed to bypass barriers to increase access to care for depressed and anxious perinatal women in rural regions of the United States. The FBCCM includes the following two components: (1) a 10-session video-delivered family therapy treatment for perinatal depression and anxiety and (2) a video-delivered infant care provider training on addressing the parenting needs of depressed and anxious mothers. This paper describes the feasibility of implementing the FBCCM with families and infant care providers. Findings are presented on the preliminary effectiveness of the video-delivered family therapy treatment in reducing maternal depressive and anxiety symptoms, and family conflict. This pilot study was carried out using an implementation-effectiveness hybrid trial design without a comparison group. Changes in maternal depressive symptoms, maternal anxiety symptoms, and family conflict were measured at posttreatment, 3 months, and 6 months later. On average, mothers (n=24) attended 9.79 (SD 1.02) sessions. On average, their family members (n=24) attended 9.42 (SD 1.28) sessions. A total of 31 infant care providers attended the training on addressing the parenting needs of depressed and anxious mothers. Mothers reported a significant reduction in depressive symptoms (P<.001) and anxiety symptoms (P<.001) from baseline to the 6-month follow-up. Mothers reported a significant reduction in conflict (P<.001), and their family members also reported a significant reduction in conflict (P=.007) from baseline to the 6-month follow-up. The findings from this study provide support for the feasibility and preliminary effectiveness of the FBCCM. The findings will be used to inform a larger study of the FBCCM.

Analysis Of The Level Of Primigravida Anxiety In Facing The Labor Process In Terms Of Education On The Labor Process In The Room Maternity Clinic Pratama Eka Medika, Mojosari – Mojokerto

The psychological condition of the mother before giving birth is often underestimated and ignored, even though a good psychological condition is certainly very influential on the mother's confidence and the mother's enthusiasm to give birth to a healthy baby. and in a safe way. The mother's mental state that affects the mother's anxiety level during labor can be caused by several factors, including lack of knowledge and information about the correct labor process and the implementation of complete necessary training. Health workers also have a significant influence on the anxiety levels of first-time mothers. The purpose of this study was to analyze the level of primigravida anxiety in facing the labor process in terms of childbirth education in the delivery room of Fakfak Hospital West Papua. The research design used was Pre-Experimental with One Group Pretest-Posttest research design. The population in this study was all primigravida mothers who came to check at the Gynecology Poly of FakFak Hospital West Papua. The sampling technique used was consecutive sampling and obtained a sample of 35 respondents. The independent variable in this study was labor education. The variable tied to this study was the level of primigravida anxiety in the face of labor. Data analysis using Wilcoxon statistical test. The results showed primigravida anxiety levels before being given treatment were mostly moderate anxiety levels as many as 19 respondents (54.3%), mild anxiety 12 respondents (34.3%) and severe anxiety as many as 4 respondents (11.4%). While the level of primigravida anxiety after being given treatment or intervention in the form of education about the labor process, the results obtained were almost half the anxiety levels of respondents had mild anxiety levels as many as 17 respondents (48.6%), not anxious as 11 respondents (31.4%), and 7 respondents (20%) experienced moderate anxiety levels. Wilcoxon Asymp statistical test results. Sig. (2-tayled) is 0.000 &lt; 0.05, so it can be implied that "Ha is accepted".meaning there is a difference in the level of anxiety before treatment and after treatment.

The effectiveness of Kangaroo Mother Care (KMC) on depression, anxiety, and stress of mothers with premature infants

ObjectiveThe stress and anxiety of mothers with preterm infants affect mother-infant interactions. Skin-to-skin contact demonstrates benefits in the relationship between a mother and a preterm infant. This study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of Kangaroo Mother Care (KMC) on depression, anxiety, and stress of mothers with premature infants. MethodsThis quasi-experimental study was performed on 100 mothers of premature infants who were admitted to two Bu Ali Sina and Imam hospitals of Sari in 2020. A questionnaire containing demographic information and the Depression, Anxiety, Stress Scale (DASS) were used as data collection tools. All data analysis was performed using SPSS software version 25. Significant level is considered P < 0.05. ResultsThe mean age of mothers with premature infants was 28.7 ± 5.4 years. The neonatal birth weight was 1614 ± 342 g and their discharge weight was 2052 ± 418 g. After the intervention, the levels of depression (P = 0.004), anxiety (P = 0.000), and stress (P = 0.003) of mothers in the intervention group were significantly lower than the control group. ConclusionThe results of the present study showed that Kangaroo Mother Care can be used to improve the mental health of mothers with premature infants by reducing the level and severity of depression, anxiety, and stress.

The prevalence of depression and generalized anxiety disorder among pregnant women in primary healthcare centers of Al Madinah Al Munawara City 2020-2021

Pregnancy and physiological and psychological variations can impact mental and emotional changes and thereby trigger depression and anxiety in expectant mothers. Being overly concerned about an individual’s financial, social, and health issues can promote depression and anxiety among pregnant women. Managing those associated factors during and after pregnancy is crucial. Although several studies reported depression and anxiety disorder in pregnant women, there are limited studies available in Saudi Arabia. Thus, this study measured the prevalence of both depression and anxiety among pregnant women in Al-Madinah Al-Muawarah, Saudi Arabia. A total of 250 surveys were conducted from five primary care centers randomly. A simple stratified sampling technique was used. General Anxiety Disorder-7 (GAD-7) and Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-9) were used as research instruments for data collection. Of the seven items from GAD-7, the higher rate related to the response “not at all” for the following items; “Being so restless that it is hard to sit still” by 165 (66.5%) was obtained followed by “Becoming easily annoyed or irritated” 118 (47.2%). Similarly, from the nine items from the PHQ-9, the higher rate response was obtained with “not at all” for the following items; “Thoughts that you would be better off dead, or hurting yourself” by 243 (98.0%), followed the second-highest rate was obtained regarding “Several Days” for the following items; “Trouble falling or staying asleep, or sleeping too much” by 116 (46.8%). The current study is consistent with previous studies.

Anxiety Level of Post-Sectio Caesarea With Breast Milk Production

Introduction: Breastfeeding is one of the most effective ways to provide nutrition and keep babies healthy. Exclusive breastfeeding is also able to reduce infant morbidity and mortality, but currently, exclusive breastfeeding has reached the presentation stage. Milk production that is not sufficient for the baby's needs will cause the failure of exclusive breastfeeding. The psychological preparation of a mother before breastfeeding is an important factor that influences the success of breastfeeding. Mothers anxiety, stress, excessive worry, and frustration play a very important role in the success of exclusive breastfeeding. Constant anxiety, a lack of self-confidence, depression, and various other forms of emotional stress can prevent a mother from breastfeeding her baby. Objective: This study aims to determine the relationship between the anxiety level of post-sectio caesarea mothers with breast milk production at the Ciamis General Hospital. Method: The research method is quantitative with a cross-sectional research design. The sampling technique was accidental sampling, namely of post-SC mothers at the Ciamis General Hospital, namely as many as 27 people. The research instrument was a questionnaire sheet. Data analysis used univariate and bivariate analysis with the chi-square statistical test. Result: The result showed the anxiety level of post-section caesarea mothers, most of the categories of moderate anxiety were found, namely 14 people (51.9%). Nearly half of the post-SC mother's milk production was in the lower category, namely 12 people (44.4%). The statistical test results showed a p value of 0.024 (p 0.05). Conclusion: There is a relationship between the anxiety level of post section caesarea mothers and milk production in Ciamis General Hospital. These results prove that anxiety is one of the factors that can affect the breast milk production of breastfeeding mothers.

Kecerdasan Adversitas dan Kecemasan pada Ibu Nifas dalam Menghadapi Era Baru Endemi COVID-19

This study aims to analyze the extent of the relationship between adversity intelligence and anxiety in postpartum mothers facing the new era of the COVID-19 endemic. The research method used is a quantitative method with a cross-sectional approach. The study's results showed a negative correlation with a value of r = -0.3900, which means that the higher the adversity quotient, the lower the anxiety felt by postpartum mothers. Mothers who went through the postpartum period during the preparation for the COVID-19 endemic were in the intense anxiety range of 35%, although there were still those with the high anxiety of 11%. In conclusion, the adversity quotient is proven to affect the stress of mothers going through the postpartum period in the era of preparing for the endemic COVID-19.&#x0D; &#x0D; Keywords: Anxiety, Adversity Intelligence, Postpartum

Psychosocial predictors of early postpartum depressive and anxious symptoms in primiparous women and their partners

BackgroundWhile the majority of research on postpartum depressive and anxious symptoms has focused on mothers, a growing body of research suggests a need to understand the role of the partner’s health and relationship quality as predictors of postpartum maternal depression, while also better understanding correlates of partner or paternal depression in the postpartum period. The purpose of the current study is to evaluate mother and partner stress, anxiety, mood, infant care support, and relationship quality as predictors of perinatal depressive and anxious symptoms in first time mothers and partners during the postpartum hospital stay.MethodsFirst time parent couples (n = 116) completed a survey during the two-day postpartum stay in a Midwest hospital. Depressive (EPDS) and anxiety symptoms (DASS-21-Anxiety) were assessed in both mothers and partners. Hierarchical linear regression was used to evaluate relationship satisfaction, partner infant care support, stress, and co-parent mood as predictors of mood in mothers and partners separately.ResultsStress was a predictor of anxiety and depression symptoms in both mothers and partners. Additionally, co-parent anxiety significantly predicted anxiety in both mothers and partners. Maternal relationship satisfaction was a predictor of the partner’s depressive symptoms, and maternal perceptions of partner infant support predicted maternal depressive symptoms.ConclusionsTogether, these results suggest that stress, relationship satisfaction, and co-parent mood are related to depressive and anxious symptoms in mothers and partner, underscoring the need to continue exploring mother and partner mental health in a dyadic framework.

The impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the mental health of new mothers in China: A qualitative study of mothers with infants aged 0-1 year old.

China has implemented a strict epidemic control policy (ECP) for 3 years during the COVID-19 pandemic. New mothers are under great psychological pressure to protect themselves against the virus, following the ECP, as well as taking on the main responsibility of raising their children. However, the mental health of this group has been neglected by the public. This article aims to understand the mental health of new mothers during the COVID-19 pandemic. Qualitative research methods were adopted in this study. From 1 October to 1 November 2022, we conducted in-depth interviews with 36 new mothers in Guiyang, Guizhou, China, and used thematic analysis to examine their emotional status, as well as the origins of their negative and positive emotions. (1) New mothers are chronically depressed, feeling anxious, and upset. (2) Negative emotions are caused either by the virus or by the ECP. (3) New mothers are mainly anxious about their children's physical health, feeding options, childcare, and family income. (4) Positive emotions are reflected by tight parent-child bonds, a better understanding of childcare, and an increased ability to perceive risks. The anxiety of new mothers has revealed the shortcomings of the Chinese health system in the emergency management of the mother and child. At the same time, the outbreak is an opportunity to improve the response management capacity of the health system in order to prevent the recurrence of similar problems for mothers and infants.

Mental Health Status of Adult Offspring of Anxious and Non-Anxious Mothers

The present study examined the mental health status of adult offspring of anxious and non-anxious mothers assuming that adult offspring of anxious mothers would significantly report more depression, anxiety, stress and anger as compared to adult offspring of non-anxious mothers. The present comparative study was done on mothers and their adult offspring in Faisalabad city. Demographic Information form, Anxiety Subscale of Depression, Anxiety, Stress Scale (DASS-21) and Anger subscale of Aggression Questionnaire (AQ) were used for data collection. Descriptive statistics and independent samples t-test were computed for data analysis. Of the one hundred and seventy six mothers, total 102(57.95%) reported significant anxiety, while 74 (42.04%) seemed to experience normal anxiety in daily life. Results obtained through independent samples t-test revealed that adult offspring of anxious mothers experienced more depression (t= 2.38, df =174, p = 0.01, d = 0.37), anxiety (t = 2.87, df = 174, p = 0.005, d =0.45), stress (t = 3.60, df = 174, p = .000, d = 0.56) and anger (t = 4.86, df = 174, p = .000, d =0.75) than offspring of non-anxious mothers. It is concluded that maternal anxiousness is one of the contributing factors to mental health problems (i.e., depression, anxiety, stress and anger) among offspring. Findings of the present study have implications for families, communities and mental health professionals as well.

Non-birthing mothers’ experiences of perinatal anxiety and depression: Understanding the perspectives of the non-birthing mothers in female same-sex parented families

ObjectivePartners of birthing mothers can themselves experience perinatal mental health (PMH) difficulties. Despite birth rates increasing amongst LGBTQIA+ communities and the significant impact of PMH difficulties, this area is under-researched. This study aimed to examine the experiences of perinatal depression and anxiety of non-birthing mothers in female same-sex parented families. DesignInterpretative Phenomenological Analysis (IPA) was used to explore the experiences of non-birthing mothers who self-identified as having experienced perinatal anxiety and/or depression. Setting and participantsSevenparticipants were recruited from online and local voluntary and support networks for LGBTQIA+ communities and for PMH. Interviews were in-person, online or via telephone. Measurements and findingsSix themes were generated. Distress was characterised by feelings of “Failure and Inadequacy in Role” (i.e., parent, partner and individual) and “Powerlessness and Intolerable Uncertainty” in their parenting journey. These feelings were reciprocally influenced by perceptions of the “Legitimacy of (Di)stress as a Non-birthing Parent”, which impacted help-seeking. Stressors that contributed to these experiences were: “Parenting Without” a parental role template, social recognition and safety, and parental connectedness; and “Changed Relationship Dynamics” with their partner. Finally,participants spoke about “Moving Forward” in their lives. Key conclusionsSome findings are consistent with the literature on paternal mental health, including parents’ emphasis on protecting their family and experiencing services as focusing on the birthing parent. Others appeared distinct or amplified for LGBTQIA+ parents, including the lack of a defined and socially recognised role; stigma concerning both mental health and homophobia; exclusion from heteronormative healthcare systems; and the importance placed on biological connectedness. Implications for practiceCulturally competent care is needed to tackle minority stress and recognise diverse family forms.

The effect of laughter therapy on the fatigue and anxiety of mothers of children admitted to the psychiatric departments of Tehran Hospitals: an experimental study

The effect of laughter therapy on the fatigue and anxiety of mothers of children admitted to the psychiatric departments of Tehran Hospitals: an experimental study