Individual Anxiety Levels Research Articles

Hypnotherapy Technique to Reduce Anxiety Levels in Elderly with Hypertension

Background: One of the non-pharmacological intervention that can be used is hypnotherapy. This intervention uses suggestions that will relax the client's condition so that the brain produces the hormones serotonin, endorpine, and activation of autonomic nerve responses. At the same time the neuroendocrine system will also lower levels of cortisol, glucocorticoids, gonadocorticoids, epinephrine, norepinephrine and will act directly on the alpha androgenic receptors of vascular smooth muscle, thus causing vasodilation of blood vessels, lowering total peripheral pressure and decreasing blood pressure, pulse, and breathing. Objectives: This study is to determine the effect of hypnotherapy techniques on reducing anxiety levels in elderly families with hypertension at RT 10/RW 05 Lenteng Agung, South Jakarta. Methods: This study employed a quantitative pre-experimental design with a one-group pre-test post-test approach to examine the effect of an intervention on anxiety levels in elderly individuals with hypertension. The study population consisted of 39 elderly individuals, with 15 participants meeting the inclusion criteria. Data were collected in 2023, and the sample was selected using total sampling, consisting of 9 women and 6 men. Participants were observed before and after the intervention to assess changes in anxiety levels. Results: This study showed that after being given hypnotherapy technique treatment, the majority experienced a decrease in anxiety levels, namely mild anxiety as many as 11 elderly (73.3%) and respondents who experienced moderate anxiety as many as 4 elderly (46.7%) Conclusion: The majority of elderly individuals with hypertension experienced severe anxiety before receiving hypnosis techniques. After the application of hypnosis, most experienced a reduction in anxiety to mild levels. This demonstrates that hypnosis techniques have a significant effect in reducing anxiety levels in elderly individuals with hypertension

Turkish adaptation of the state-trait anxiety inventory short version (STAIS-5, STAIT-5).

This study examines the validity and reliability of a Turkish version of the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory Short Version. The sample consisted of 306 people between the ages of 18-59 who agreed to participate in the study and met the inclusion criteria. Data were collected with the demographic questionnaire, State-Trait Anxiety Inventory Short Version, State-Trait Anxiety Inventory and Brief Fear of Negative Evaluation Scale. All factor loadings of the State Anxiety Inventory Short Version were between 0.706 and 0.835, and those of the Trait Anxiety Inventory Short Version were between 0.694 and 0.810. The Cronbach alpha coefficients of the State and Trait Anxiety Inventory Short Version were calculated as 0.838 and 0.837, respectively. There was a significant difference between the first-test and retest values of the State Anxiety Inventory Short Version (p = 0.033) and no difference in the Trait Anxiety Inventory Short Version (p = 0.145). The Turkish-adapted State-Trait Anxiety Inventory Short Version is a valid and reliable measurement tool to determine the anxiety levels of individuals aged 18-59.

The Effect on Exercise Addiction and Anxiety Levels in Breathing Exercises in Bodybuilding Athletes

Abstract Exercise is considered a promising and emerging treatment for individuals recovering from addiction. The purpose of this research is to examine the effect of breathing exercises on exercise addiction and anxiety levels in bodybuilding athletes. The population of the research consisted of 20 test subjects and 20 control volunteers, male and female participants, who exercised in the fitness center of the Asis sports complex located at Van Yüzüncü Yıl University in Van province. Breathing exercises were performed on the subject group for 40 minutes, 2 days a week for 10 weeks. The survey was measured twice in total for the subject and control groups, before the exercise program and at the end of the exercise program. Personal information form, Exercise Addiction Scale (EAS) and Beck Anxiety Scale (BAS) were used as data collection tools in the study. To find the relationship between breathing exercises and exercise addiction and anxiety levels, Shapiro-Wilk analysis was tested and T-test was used to compare two independent groups since normal distribution was detected. When we look at the control group, there was only a difference in the comparison of exercise addiction results, while in the experimental group, a significant difference was found between the performance of breathing exercises and the comparison of exercise addiction and anxiety results. It can be said that breathing exercises reduce exercise addiction and anxiety levels in individuals doing bodybuilding sports. It is very important to maintain balance and have a healthy approach when exercising. In order to benefit from the benefits of exercise to the maximum extent, personalized programs should be prepared and implemented under expert guidance. It may be recommended that Breathing Exercise studies be applied to other sports branches as well. Keywords: Bodybuilding Athletes, Breathing Exercises, Exercise Addiction, Anxiety

The Psychological Impact of Climate Change: Anxiety, Stress, and Coping Mechanisms

Climate change has emerged as a critical global issue, with significant impacts extending beyond environmental and economic spheres to affect psychological well-being. This study employs a mixed-methods research design to investigate the psychological impact of climate change, specifically focusing on anxiety, stress, and coping mechanisms. Utilizing both quantitative surveys and qualitative interviews, the research examines the prevalence and intensity of climate-related anxiety and stress and explores the coping strategies individuals employ. The findings reveal moderate to high levels of anxiety and stress among participants, with notable demographic variations, such as higher levels of anxiety in younger individuals and greater stress among women and those with lower socioeconomic status. Adaptive coping mechanisms, such as environmental activism and mindfulness practices, were identified as effective, while maladaptive strategies like avoidance and denial were also prevalent. The study underscores the need for targeted mental health interventions and public health policies that integrate mental health support into climate change adaptation and mitigation strategies. Promoting adaptive coping mechanisms and addressing maladaptive behaviors are crucial for enhancing resilience and mental well-being in the face of ongoing environmental challenges.

Investigation of the Relationship Between Health Anxiety and Cyberchondria in Obese Cases

Objective: Obesity is a condition that can lead to many serious health problems, and the relationship between health anxiety and cyberchondria can cause increased levels of health-related anxiety in obese individuals, consequently reducing their quality of life. This study was conducted to examine the relationship between health anxiety and cyberchondria levels in obese individuals. Materials and Methods: This descriptive and correlational study was conducted between 15 July and 21 November 2022. The sample of the study consisted of 389 obese individuals with BMI>30 who applied to the obesity centre of a university hospital. Descriptive Information Form, Health Anxiety Inventory and Cyberchondria Severity Scale were used in the study. Results: The total score of the participants in this study was 21.87± 9.70 on the Health Anxiety Scale and 81.37± 20.11 on the Cyberchondria Severity Scale. A significant positive correlation was found between health anxiety and cyberchondria levels. In addition, regression analysis showed that cyberchondria predicted 14% of health anxiety. Conclusion: Nurses working in the field of public health and mental health need to understand health anxiety and cyberchondria in order to identify attitudes and behaviors that may occur in obese individuals in physical, social and mental areas and to apply nursing interventions when necessary.

Non-Pharmacological Psychotropic Measures for Surgery Under Local Anaesthesia

Purpose surgery under local anaesthesia can be a stressful experience for patients. The aim of this study was to determine the influence of a non-pharmacological psychotropic measures (NPTM) on the anxiety and stress levels of individuals undergoing ophthalmic surgery. This is the first study to use a bilateral haptic NPTM for this purpose. Methods In this clinical interventional case-control study, we assessed objective and subjective stress parameters immediately pre- and postoperatively. We randomly assigned patients to one of two groups: an intervention group with NPTM (n = 70) and a control group (n = 68). Results When comparing objective parameters (heart rate, blood pressure, and sweat secretion), there were no significant differences between the two groups pre- and postoperatively (p ≥ 0.05). Subjectively, 79% of patients in the intervention group perceived a positive effect from the NPTM (p < 0.01). Patients undergoing eye surgery for the first time described a positive effect significantly more often (p = 0.027). Conclusions Our study results show that subjectively perceived anxiety and stress during eye surgery is significantly improved by using a bimanual NPTM. The majority of the patients experienced a positive effect on their wellbeing, particularly those undergoing eye surgery for the first time, although there was also a positive effect for patients who had previously undergone eye surgery. While the haptic NPTM used in this study has a positive impact on patients’ perception of ophthalmic surgery, all patients undergoing surgery under local anaesthesia may benefit from this approach.

Anxiety in Healthy Subjects Participating in 7T Examinations—Longitudinal Study

Anxiety before an MRI examination is common, even though the technique is noninvasive and painless. In a 7T MRI study, healthy volunteers also reported anxiety before the examination. This study aimed to assess anxiety levels in healthy individuals undergoing 7T MRI and to determine if their anxiety decreased during subsequent examinations. Participants filled out a questionnaire on anxiety. Eleven questions were compared between the first and second examinations using a paired t-test. Results show that significantly more participants felt worried before the first examination compared with the second. However, more participants felt tense after the second examination. Participants felt better informed before the second examination, but more felt fine after the first one. Six participants (14%) felt nervous about the second examination despite having completed the first one. This study reveals that healthy participants still experience anxiety even after a prior MR examination. However, most participants felt retrospectively that their anxiety was unnecessary. This study suggests that providing more information may help reduce anxiety among healthy volunteers in research studies.

The relationship between psychological well-being with levels of anxiety, COVID-19 fear and depression in individuals hospitalized with COVID-19

Introduction and aim. The COVID-19 pandemic negatively affected both the physical and mental health of societies. The present study was conducted to determine the relationship between psychological well-being with levels of anxiety, COVID-19 fear, and depression in individuals hospitalized with COVID-19. Material and methods. This descriptive correlative study was conducted with 685 individuals diagnosed with COVID-19 treated in the clinics of a pandemic hospital. The data of the study were collected with the information form, psychological well-being scale (PWBS), COVID-19 fear scale (FCV-19S), and hospital anxiety and depression scale (HADS). Results. The mean PWBS score of the participants was 37.21±14.3, the FCV-19S score was 20.10±10.41, the HADS-anxiety score was 9.07±7.29, and the depression score was 10.74±7.35. The PWBS scores with FCV-19S scores of the participants, HADS-anxiety, and HADS-depression scores were found to be negatively correlated (p&lt;0.001). Conclusion. In conclusion, as the anxiety, fear, and depression levels experienced by individuals receiving inpatient treatment in a pandemic hospital due to COVID-19 increase, their psychological well-being levels decrease at a statistically significant level. It may be recommended to intervene in the anxiety, fear, and depressive symptoms of individuals receiving inpatient treatment due to a diagnosis of COVID-19 to increase their psychological well-being.

Topographically selective motor inhibition under threat of pain.

Pain-related motor adaptations may be enacted predictively at the mere threat of pain, before pain occurrence. Yet, in humans, the neurophysiological mechanisms underlying motor adaptations in anticipation of pain remain poorly understood. We tracked the evolution of changes in corticospinal excitability (CSE) as healthy adults learned to anticipate the occurrence of lateralized, muscle-specific pain to the upper limb. Using a Pavlovian threat conditioning task, different visual stimuli predicted pain to the right or left forearm (experiment 1) or hand (experiment 2). During stimuli presentation before pain occurrence, single-pulse transcranial magnetic stimulation was applied over the left primary motor cortex to probe CSE and elicit motor evoked potentials from target right forearm and hand muscles. The correlation between participants' trait anxiety and CSE was also assessed. Results showed that threat of pain triggered corticospinal inhibition specifically in the limb where pain was expected. In addition, corticospinal inhibition was modulated relative to the threatened muscle, with threat of pain to the forearm inhibiting the forearm and hand muscles, whereas threat of pain to the hand inhibited the hand muscle only. Finally, stronger corticospinal inhibition correlated with greater trait anxiety. These results advance the mechanistic understanding of pain processes showing that pain-related motor adaptations are enacted at the mere threat of pain, as sets of anticipatory, topographically organized motor changes that are associated with the expected pain and are shaped by individual anxiety levels. Including such anticipatory motor changes into models of pain may lead to new treatments for pain-related disorders.

Investigating the Relationship Between Individual Innovativeness and Programming Anxiety

This study investigates the levels of anxiety among university students regarding programming and examines the factors influencing this anxiety. The research explores the relationships between students’ characteristics such as, risk-taking, leadership qualities, openness to experience, and resistance to change with their programming anxiety. The study’s participants were 427 university students who had undergone programming education prior to 2023. Individual innovativeness and programming concerns of the research participants were analyzed primarily with descriptive statistical methods. Afterwards, the relationships between the sub-dimensions of individual innovativeness and levels of programming anxiety were investigated using relational screening models. Results indicate a slight positive correlation between reluctance towards change and receptiveness to new experiences with programming anxiety, whereas a modest negative correlation is observed between willingness to take risks and leadership qualities. The combination of these factors moderately and significantly predicts students’ levels of programming anxiety. The research offers valuable perspectives for educators and developers of programs seeking to create methods to ease the anxiety students face in programming education.

Stacked artificial neural network to predict the mental illness during the COVID-19 pandemic.

The individual's mental health crisis and the COVID-19 pandemic lead to mental disorders. The transmission of the COVID-19 virus is associated with the levels of anxiety, stress, and depression in individuals, similar to other factors. Increases in mental illness cases and the prevalence of depression have peaked after the pandemic struck. The limited social intervention, reduced communication, peer support, and increased social isolation during the pandemic resulted in higher levels of depression, stress, and anxiety which leads to mental illness. Physiological distress is associated with the mental disorders, and its negative impact can be improved mainly by early detection and treatment. Early identification of mental illness is crucial for timely intervention to decelerate disorder severity and lessen individual health burdens. Laboratory tests for diagnosing mental illness depend on the self-reports of one's mental status, but it is labor intensive and time consuming. Traditional methods like linear or nonlinear regression cannot include many explanatory variables as they are prone to overfitting. The main challenge of the state-of-the-art models is the poor performance in detecting mental illnesses at early stages. Deep learning models can handle numerous variables. The current study focuses on demographic background, Kessler Psychological Distress, Happiness, and Health determinants of mental health during the pandemic to predict the mental health. This study's prediction can help rapid diagnosis and treatment and promote overall public mental health. Despite potential response bias, these proportions are exceptionally elevated, and it's plausible that certain individuals face an even higher level of risk. In the context of the COVID-19 pandemic, an investigation into mental health patients revealed a disproportionate representation of children and individuals with neurotic disorders among those articulating substantial or severe apprehensions.

Investigation of the Relationship Between Exercise Addiction and Depression, Anxiety and Stress Levels of Individuals Doing Sports in Fitness Centers

Amaç: Bu çalışma, fitness merkezlerinde spor yapan bireylerin egzersiz bağımlılığı ile depresyon, anksiyete ve stres arasındaki ilişkiyi incelemeyi amaçlamaktadır.&#x0D; Yöntem: Araştırmaya, Siirt ilinde bulunan fitness merkezlerinde spor yapan toplam 301 gönüllü katılımcı (149 kadın, 152 erkek) dâhil edilmiştir. Katılımcıların temel özelliklerinin belirlenmesi amacıyla kişisel bilgi formu kullanılırken egzersiz bağımlılığı, depresyon, anksiyete ve stres düzeyinin belirlenmesi amacıyla ölçeklerden yararlanılmıştır. İki bağımsız grup arası karşılaştırmalar için T-testi, üç veya daha çok bağımsız grup arasında olan karşılaştırmalar için ise one-way ANOVA testi kullanılmıştır. Ayrıca araştırmada değişkenler arasındaki ilişkiyi bulmak amacıyla korelasyon analizi uygulanmıştır.&#x0D; Bulgular: Egzersiz bağımlılığı alt boyutları ile ilişki durumu, fiziksel görünümden memnun olma, haftalık egzersiz yapma saati ve yaş değişkenlerine göre egzersiz bağımlılığında istatistiksel olarak anlamlı bir farka rastlanmazken, eğitim durumu, spor geçmişi ve cinsiyet arasında kısmen farklılıklar görülmüştür. Depresyon, anskiyete ve stres ile cinsiyet, ilişki durumu, spor geçmişi, eğitim durumu, haftalık egzersiz yapma saati ve yaş arasında istatistiksel olarak anlamlı bir farka rastlanmazken, fiziksel görünümden memnun olma durumu ve meslek arasında anlamlı bir fark görülmüştür.&#x0D; Sonuç: Sonuç olarak bireysel ve sosyal ihtiyaçların ertelenmesi ve çatışma ve tolerans gelişimi ve tutku ile depresyon, anksiyete ve stres arasında düşük düzeyde anlamlı ilişki tespit edilmiştir.

Predicting anxiety using Google and Youtube digital traces

Anxiety is a widespread and serious mental health issue that has been exacerbated by the COVID-19 pandemic and other stressors. In this study, we explore how online behavior data from Google and YouTube can be used to infer anxiety levels in individuals. We collected and processed digital traces from nearly 100 participants over eight weeks and applied various machine learning techniques to extract features and build predictive models. We found that combining data from multiple media modalities can yield highly accurate predictive models for anxiety as self-reported by a clinical GAD-7 scale (AUC > 0.86). We also found that the semantic categories of online engagement can affect the predictive performance of the models. This study contributes to the field of computational social science and digital mental health and demonstrates the potential of using online behavior data to monitor psychological well-being and design interventions for anxiety.

Elevated Depression, Anxiety and Hopelesness Among Pregnant Individuals with Ovarian Cyst

Background/Purpose:&#x0D; Anxiety and depression in pregnancy commonly presents between 10 and 25% of pregnant individuals. Increased symptoms of depression and anxiety are coupled with elevated risk of preterm birth, postpartum depression, and behavioral difficulties in children. Detection of ovarian cyst is a potential stressor factor for pregnant individuals. Our objective was to investigate the levels of anxiety, depression and hopelessness in pregnant individuals with ovarian cyst.&#x0D; Methods:&#x0D; In this comparative and descriptive study, a total of 184 pregnant women were divided into 2 groups. Group 1 encompasses pregnant women with ovarian cyst (n=86), and Group 2 includes healthy pregnant women as control (n=88). Data were collected using Demographic Questionnaire, Beck Depression Inventory (BDI), Beck Anxiety Inventory (BAI), Beck Hopelessness Scale (BHS) and Pregnancy Related Anxiety Questionnaire-Revised 2 (PRAQ-R2).&#x0D; Results: We found substantially elevated BDI, BAI, BHS AND PRAQ-R2 scores in Group 1 according to Group 2 [(15.16±12.6, 6.45±5.6), (16.44±14.5, 7.61±5.2), (9.44±8.3, 4.10±5.2), (30.99±9.66, 27.2±4.90), respectively] (p&gt;0.05). However, there wasn’t significant difference between groups in demographic characteristics (p&gt;0.05).&#x0D; Conclusion: Anxiety, depression and hopelessness are observed more among pregnant women with ovarian cyst. Nevertheless, approximately 70 percent of all ovarian cysts spontaneously resolve during pregnancy and more than 90 percent of them are benign. Hence, the patient should be informed appropriately by obstetricians before referring them to tertiary centers, and this approach may mitigate their anxiety, depression and hopelessness.

DEPREM SONRASINDA BİREYLERİN DEPREM KAYGISI, ÖLÜM KAYGISI VE PSİKOLOJİK SAĞLAMLIK DÜZEYLERİNİN DEĞERLENDİRİLMESİ

Amaç: Çalışmamızda 6 Şubat 2023 Kahramanmaraş merkezli depremler sonrasında depremi yaşamış, depremden doğrudan etkilenen bireyler ile depreme uzaktan tanıklık eden bireylerin deprem kaygısı, ölüm kaygısı ve psikolojik sağlamlık düzeylerini değerlendirmeyi ve ilgili değişkenlerin çeşitli sosyodemografik değişkenlere göre farklılık gösterip göstermediğini incelemeyi amaçladık.&#x0D; Gereç ve Yöntemler: Bu araştırmaya 6 Şubat 2023 depremleri sonrası deprem bölgesinden gelen, depremi yaşayan 61 birey ile depremi yaşamamış, depreme uzaktan tanıklık eden 69 birey dahil edildi. Veri toplama araçları olarak “Kişisel Bilgi Formu”, “Deprem Kaygısı Ölçeği”, “Ölüm Kaygısı Ölçeği” ve “Kısa Psikolojik Sağlamlık Ölçeği” kullanıldı.&#x0D; Bulgular: Katılımcıların deprem kaygısı ve ölüm kaygısının orta düzeyde, psikolojik sağlamlıklarının ise ortanın üzerinde görülmüştür. Depremden doğrudan etkilenenlerde deprem kaygısı ve ölüm kaygısı depreme uzaktan tanıklık edenlere göre anlamlı olarak daha yüksek saptanmıştır. Psikolojik sağlamlık ile deprem kaygısı ve ölüm kaygısı arasında negatif yönde ve orta düzeyde bir ilişki bulunmuştur. Kadınların deprem ve ölüm kaygısının erkeklere göre daha yüksek olduğu, erkeklerin ve çalışanların psikolojik sağlamlıklarının diğerlerine oranla daha yüksek olduğu tespit edilmiştir.&#x0D; Sonuç: Çalışmamızda bireylerin psikolojik sağlamlık düzeyleri arttıkça kaygı düzeylerinin azaldığı görülmüştür. Deprem gibi travmatik yaşantılar sonrasında en sık gözlenen ruhsal belirtilerden biri olan kaygıdır. Kaygının uzun sürmemesi, bozukluk haline dönmemesi ve bireylerin normal yaşamlarına daha hızlı dönmeleri için psikolojik sağlamlığı arttırmaya yönelik bireysel ve toplumsal müdahalelerin yapılması yararlı olacaktır.&#x0D; Anahtar Kelimeler: Deprem; Deprem Kaygısı; Ölüm Kaygısı; Psikolojik Sağlamlık

Fear, Anxiety, and Obsession Levels of Dialysis Patients and Healthy Individuals During the COVID-19 Pandemic

Fear, Anxiety, and Obsession Levels of Dialysis Patients and Healthy Individuals During the COVID-19 Pandemic

Treatment Adherence Effect on the Visual Acuity of Behçet’s Uveitis Patients

ABSTRACT Purpose This study aimed to explore the relationship between treatment adherence, visual acuity, quality of life (QoL), depression, and anxiety levels in individuals with Behçet’s uveitis (BU). Methods A total of 55 BU patients and 55 healthy controls completed sociodemographic questionnaires, the Beck Depression Inventory (BDI), Beck Anxiety Inventory (BAI), World Health Organization Quality of Life Questionnaire-BREF version (WHOQOL-BREF), Self-reported Questionnaire About Treatment Compliance, and the Morisky Medication Adherence Scale (MMAS). The scores obtained from these scales were analyzed to assess the relationship between treatment adherence, visual acuity, QoL, depression, and anxiety levels. Results The results revealed that 36 (65.4%) of the 55 BU patients exhibited depressive symptoms, while 45 (81.8%) of them experienced symptoms of anxiety. Patients with BU demonstrated significantly higher BAI and BDI scores compared to the healthy control group (p < 0.001). Furthermore, the patient group reported lower mean scores across multiple domains of the WHOQOL-BREF questionnaire, including general health, psychological health, social relationships, and environment (p < 0.05). Moreover, a significant association was observed between low treatment adherence and lower values of best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA) (p < 0.05), as well as a higher frequency of uveitis attacks (p = 0.005). Conclusion Poor treatment adherence in BU patients has a negative effect on final visual acuity outcomes. Moreover, BU patients experience lower QoL and higher rates of depression and anxiety compared to the healthy control group. These findings highlight the importance of addressing treatment adherence and psychological well-being in the management of BU.

Altered cortical thickness of the superior frontal gyrus and fusiform gyrus in individuals with subthreshold social anxiety

Subthreshold social anxiety (SSA) is a condition in which individuals experience social anxiety that does not reach the threshold required for a clinical diagnosis of a social anxiety disorder (SAD). Although SSA may not impair lives as severely as SAD, it can affect social functioning. However, only a few studies focused on structural neural correlates of SSA. We recruited 65 individuals with SSA and used the Leibowitz Social Anxiety Scale to assess their social and performance anxiety levels and other relevant measures of social anxiety. Voxel-wise whole-brain correlational analyses showed a positive association between the cortical thickness (CT) of the superior frontal gyrus (SFG) and social anxiety levels and a negative correlation between the CT of the fusiform gyrus (FG) and performance anxiety levels in individuals with SSA. Exploratory Pearson’s correlation analyses showed significant positive correlations between the CT of the SFG and Generalized Anxiety Disorder-7 total scores and negative associations between the CT of the FG and Beck Anxiety Inventory total scores. Our study provides insight into the neural basis of SSA, particularly performance anxiety, by highlighting the association between CT in specific brain regions and SSA characteristics.

The Effect of Listening to Music Presurgery on the Anxiety Level of Individuals who are Planned for Urological Surgery: Randomized Controlled Study

This study aims to evaluate the effects of listening to music on preoperative anxiety levels in individuals planned for urological surgery. The study was a pretest-post-test randomized controlled study. This research was conducted with 80 (intervention=40, control=40) individuals who applied to the urology clinic of a university hospital between September 2021 and February 2022 with surgery planned. The data were collected via the information form, state-trait anxiety inventory (STAI= STAI-S: state anxiety, STAI-T: trait anxiety), anxiety specific to surgery questionnaire (ASSQ). The mean STAI-S scores for the pretest and post-test intervention group were 37.15±8.04 and 34.67±9.09; while scores for the control group were 36.23±9.44 and 37.23±9.78. While the difference in the intervention group was statistically significant (P=.006), there was no difference observed in the control group (P=.256). The pretest and post-test STAI-T mean scores for the intervention group were 39.73±7.71 and 39.88±8.22; the control group scores were 40.68±4.91 and 41.25±5.87; the difference between the intervention (P=.840) and control (P=.346) groups was not statistically significant. The pretest and post-test surgery-specific anxiety scale mean scores of the intervention group were 18.08±4.52 and 16.55±4.79; the control group were 20.50±7.31 and 20.95±7.69. While the difference in the intervention group was statistically significant (P=.011), no difference (P=.498) was determined in the control group. Individuals planned for urological surgery who listened to music for 30minutes had reduced state and surgery-specific anxiety for 15minutes after listening, however, this did not affect trait anxiety. The practice of listening to music before surgery may be recommended for individuals who are scheduled for urological surgery to reduce patient anxiety.

Psychological Stress and Coping Strategy Profiles Among Frontline Medical Workers During the COVID-19 Pandemic.

This study aimed to explore coping strategy profiles used by frontline medical workers and the psychological stress reactions associated with each category, in the COVID-19 pandemic context. Participants were 651 frontline medical workers recruited between February and March 2020. Psychological stress reactions (e.g., anxiety, depression) and coping strategies were assessed and analyzed using latent profile analysis and linear regression. Participants had three coping strategy profiles: coping inadequately (28.9%), coping appropriately (64.4%), and coping excessively (6.7%). Compared with coping appropriately, those who coped inadequately and excessively had higher psychological stress reactions levels. Levels of anxiety, depression, and posttraumatic stress disorder in excessive-coping individuals were higher than those who coped inadequately. Our findings elucidate the effectiveness of different coping strategy profiles and provide insights for developing targeted interventions to mitigate stress among medical workers. In light of these results, we recommend implementing stress management programs tailored to specific coping strategy profiles.