Degree Of Anxiety Research Articles

Future anxiety among media professionals and its relationship to utilizing artificial intelligence techniques: The case of Egypt, France, and UAE

This article aims to study professional future anxiety differences among media professionals and its relationship to utilizing artificial intelligence (AI) techniques in media institutions in Egypt, France, and United Arab Emirates (UAE); and to know the effect of the intensity of employing AI techniques in various media institutions on the professional future anxiety of the sample. A convenience sample was drawn from the three countries, with a total of 300 media professionals. It included 100 participants from each country, to whom the questionnaire and the professional future anxiety scale were applied. The methodology regarding data collection is quantitative research. Descriptive analysis was used to extract the results. Pearson correlation coefficient, ANOVA, and simple linear regression analysis to test the research hypotheses. The study revealed that there is a statistically significant direct correlation between the employment of AI techniques in media institutions and professional future anxiety among media professionals in Egypt, France, and UAE. It was also evidenced that there are differences in the degree to which media institutions employ AI technologies in favor of France, while no differences were found in the level of professional future anxiety among media professionals based on the variable of the country. The respondents’ degree of professional future anxiety was moderate. The results also confirmed that media institutions’ extensive employment of AI techniques contributes to effecting professional future anxiety among media professionals participating in the study. The most prominent technologies and applications employed by media institutions and were used by the respondents were techniques for verifying the accuracy of sources, information, and content, and techniques for increasing the efficiency of news coverage and processing, ChatGPT application.

IJCM_342A: Nomophobia and its Relationship with Depression, Anxiety and Stress among Undergraduate Medical Students Of Murshidabad Medical College, West Bengal: A Cross Sectional Study

Background: The study aimed to estimate the magnitude of nomophobia, prevalence and degree of depression, anxiety and stress; the relationship between nomophobia and different mental health status; and also finding the correlates of nomophobia among undergraduate medical students. Methodology: This descriptive cross-sectional study was undertaken in Murshidabad Medical College during September-November 2023, among a calculated sample of 222 undergraduate medical students selected through stratified random sampling. A self-reported English questionnaire comprising background characteristics, smartphone use related characteristics; and validated nomophobia questionnaire (NMP-Q) and depression, anxiety and stress scale (DASS) were used to collect the data. Data were analyzed using SPSS 20.0. Results: Among the study participants 13.1%, 72.1% and 14.8% had mild, moderate and severe nomophobia respectively. The prevalence of depression, anxiety and stress were 54.5%, 69.4% and 37.4% respectively. Multivariable binary logistic regression revealed that students aged less than 21 years (AOR: 6.088; 95% CI: 2.053- 18.055), students belonging to joint family (AOR: 6.836; 95% CI: 2.392-19.537) and daily average time spent on smartphone more than 5 hours (AOR:5.314; 95% CI: 1.919-14.721) were at higher risk of developing severe nomophobia. Correlation analysis revealed depression was significantly correlated with Nomophobia (Spearman rho:0.200, p value:0.003). Conclusion: Nomophobia is quite prevalent among medical students with varying degree of severity. Mental health status specially depression is correlated with nomophobia. Findings suggests the need for supporting the holistic well-being of medical students through proper health education strategies and workshops on mental health.

The Mediating Role of Maladaptive Metacognitive Beliefs between Adverse Childhood Experiences and Trait Anxiety

IntroductionAdverse childhood experiences (ACE) have a significant negative impact on health. ACEs lead to more pronounced trait anxiety, among others, which serves as a basis for various mental and somatic symptoms. Recent findings suggest that the fact that individuals with more ACEs also have more maladaptive metacognitive beliefs may contribute to the development of these symptoms.ObjectivesWe aim to study the possible mediating role of maladaptive metacognitive beliefs, resulting from adverse childhood experiences, on trait anxiety.MethodsData was collected online, anonymously, in a non-clinical population of adults over 18 years of age. The sample consisted of 304 subjects (84.21 % women, 15.79 % men). The applied questionnaires included a demographic questionnaire, the Adverse Childhood Experiences Questionnaire 10 item version, the Meta-Cognitions Questionnaire, and the Spielberger Trait Anxiety Questionnaire. The system of correlations between the examined variables was explored using structural equation modeling (SEM). The study was carried out with ethical approval and in accordance with the Declaration of Helsinki.ResultsOur results confirm that ACEs have a significant impact on all the measured dimensions of maladaptive metacognitive beliefs. The direct effect of ACEs on adult trait anxiety is also significant. The results of the study on indirect effects support the joint mediating role of the five metacognitive dimensions. The strongest significant mediating effect was found for the uncontrollability and dangerousness of negative beliefs about worry. Both the direct and indirect effects of cognitive self-consciousness on adult trait anxiety are negative, which means that the more the cognitive self-consiousness is characteristic of someone, the lower the degree of trait anxiety in adulthood is.ConclusionsOur results confirm the mediating effect of metacognitive beliefs on trait anxiety in the context of adverse childhood experiences, which points to the importance of further research on metacognition among the population that suffered early adversities. One of the limitations of the study roots in online data collection: the examined sample is not representative. Moreover, to extend the results, it is recommended to repeat the study on a clinical population. This would enable us to compare our results with those of the clinical population, which could provide further important results in the field of metacognition and adverse childhood experiences.Disclosure of InterestNone Declared

Level of personality functioning among outpatients with predominant anxiety symptoms

IntroductionDimensional diagnosis of personality disorders has as its main criterion the assessment of the level of functionality. And in patients with other diagnostic categories, there is a difference in the degree of functioning, as well as a difference in the course and prognosis of the disorder. The reason for such a different course may be the existence of a certain degree of personality dysfunctionality.ObjectivesThe aim of the study is to determine the prevalence of personality disorder in patients with neurotic disorder and predominantly anxiety symptomatology.MethodsA descriptive cross-sectional study was made to determine personality disorder in patients with neurotic disorder (F40-F48, excluding those where the disorder is related to stress F43) and predominantly anxiety symptomatology. The HAM-A scale was used to assess anxiety, and the LPFS-BF-2.0 was used to assess the level of personality functioning. The results were processed by descriptive statistical analysis.ResultsThe study included 25 individuals (N 25, 64% women), aged between 18 and 65 years (mean age 44.16, SD 13.20) with a diagnosed neurotic disorder. All subjects had elevated anxiety symptomatology, mean HAM-A score was 35.36 (SD 7.76). The assessment of the level of personality functioning with the LPFS-BF-2.0 gave the following results: 20% of people have a personality difficulty, 12% have a mild personality disorder, 32% have a moderate and 4% have a severe personality disorder.Conclusions According to the obtained results, 68% of people with a neurotic disorder and a high degree of anxiety have a certain degree of personality dysfunction. The prevalence of personality disorder in individuals with neurotic disorder is high (48%). These results lead to the conclusion that people with pronounced anxiety often have a disruption in personality. In people with a high level of anxiety, an assessment should be made for the level of functioning of the person, as well as for the existence of a personality disorder, and the treatment should be adjusted according to the results obtained. In addition to the treatment of the emerging symptoms, the personality dysfunctions should also be treated.Disclosure of InterestNone Declared

The psychological burden of NMOSD - a mixed method study of patients and caregivers.

Neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder (NMOSD) is an inflammatory disorder of the central nervous system with common symptoms of rapid onset of eye pain, loss of vision, neck/back pain, paralysis, bowel and bladder dysfunction and heat sensitivity. The rare, unpredictable, and debilitating nature of NMOSD constitutes a unique psychological burden for patients and their caregivers, the specific nature and extent of which is not yet known. This mixed methods study, informed by both quantitative and qualitative data collected via self-report measures, focus groups, and in-depth interviews, aims to investigate and understand the psychological burden of patients with NMOSD and their caregiver/loved ones, so as to inform a specialized intervention. 31 adults living with NMOSD and 22 caregivers of people with NMOSD in the United States and Canada, recruited from NMOSD patient advocacy groups, social media groups, and through word of mouth from other participants, completed a battery of standardized self-report measures of anxiety, depression, trauma, cognitive fusion, valued living, and coping styles. Semi-structured focus group sessions were conducted via HIPAA-compliant Zoom with 31 patients, and separate focus groups were conducted with 22 caregivers. A subset of these samples, comprised of 16 patients and 11 caregivers, participated in individual semi-structured interviews, prioritizing inclusion of diverse perspectives. Descriptive statistics and bivariate correlations were run on quantitative self-report data using SPSS [Version 28.0.1]; data were stored in REDCap. Reflexive thematic analysis was employed regarding qualitative individual interview data. The majority of patients reported experiencing anxiety, depression, cognitive fusion, over-controlled coping, and lack of values-based living. Caregivers also reported heightened anxiety, cognitive fusion, and over-controlled coping, although they did not endorse clinically significant depression. Patient and caregiver degree of anxiety and of overcontrolled coping were both strongly positively correlated, likely affecting how both parties manage NMOSD-related stressors, both individually and as a dyad. Patients reported more anxiety, depression, psychological inflexibility, and lack of values-based living, compared with caregivers. Patient and caregiver narrative themes included mistrust of medical professionals, lack of support immediately following diagnosis, changes in relationships, deviation from values-based living, internalization of feelings, and avoidant coping strategies to manage the psychological burden of NMOSD. A novel mental health intervention targeting the specific psychological burden of life with NMOSD is proposed.

A Study on“Physical and Mental Anxiety”,And “Parent-child Interaction” in Primary School during the “Suspension without Suspension” Period———Taking Changzhou City as An Example

This study explores the physical and psychological anxiety degree of primary school parents and the interactions between parents and their children in different regions and grades of the same city during the outbreak of the COVID-19 pandemic. The questionnaire method was used and convenient sampling method was adopted to investigate the primary school parents in Changzhou city, Jiangsu Province. 2756 questionnaires were issued, and 2501 valid samples were recovered for analysis and research. The results of this study shows that there were significant differences in “physical and mental anxiety” and “parent-child interaction” in primary school in different regions during the period of “school suspension”. Grade level has positive influence on “somatization” and “parent-child interaction” of primary school parents. The findings are as follows: 1. The location of the school has an impact on the “physical anxiety” of primary school parents; 2. The location of the school has an impact on the “psychological anxiety” of primary school parents; 3. Grade level has influence on “physical anxiety” of primary school parents; 4. Grade level has influence on “psychological anxiety” of primary school parents; 5. School location has influence on “parent-child interaction” of primary school parents and children; 6. Grade level has influence on parent-child interaction between primary school parents and children. The recommendations of the study are as follows: 1. Strengthen home-school cooperation during the epidemic; 2. Changes in the concept of family education are needed.

Analyzing the correlation between gastroesophageal reflux disease and anxiety and depression based on ordered logistic regression

Numerous studies have indicated a connection between psychiatric symptoms, specifically anxiety and depression, and gastroesophageal reflux. However, the precise nature of the link between the severity of gastroesophageal reflux disease and the severity of anxiety and depression remains uncertain. Here, we gathered 24-h pH monitoring data and baseline patient information from a cohort of 518 individuals. Additionally, we evaluated their psychological well-being using the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale. The relationship between baseline characteristics and varying degrees of anxiety, depression, and gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) was assessed using R software version 4.1.3 and logistic regression models. The findings indicate a statistically significant variation in anxiety levels based on gender, as well as a significant disparity in depression groups when considering age and literacy levels. Kruskal–Wallis test analysis revealed a significant positive correlation between the severity of anxiety and depression and the 24-h pH monitoring results in our patient cohort. As the anxiety and depression levels increased, the rank mean for each examination result also increased. Logistic regression modeling analysis showed that a higher anxiety level was associated with a higher level of GERD. In the presence of mild anxiety, there is a statistically significant association with a higher incidence of GERD with an odds ratio (OR) of 2.64 (95% CI 1.50, 4.64). Similarly, the moderately severe anxiety group also exhibits a causal relationship with an increased GERD incidence, with an OR of 6.84 (95% CI 3.92, 12.17). Additionally, moderate to severe depression is associated with a higher incidence of GERD, with an OR of 2.32 (95% CI 1.23, 4.37). The prevalence of GERD was greater among males compared to females (OR 2.29, 95% CI 1.51–3.49). Additionally, an elevated body mass index (BMI) demonstrated a positive correlation with the susceptibility to GERD (OR 1.07, 95% CI 1.01–1.14). Increasing age may promote the occurrence of GERD in patients. These findings may help to provide a better basis for psychological or pharmacological interventions for GERD patients with psychosomatic symptoms in the future, and provide a reference basis for clinical treatment of the disease.

Psychological Impact of Sexual Disorders Related to Benign Prostatic Hypertrophy

Objectives: Lower urinary tract disorders related to BPH are today among the most frequent symptoms in urology. The aim of our study is to determine the prevalence of erectile dysfunction in patients with BPH-related lower urinary tract symptoms and the related psychological impact. Methods: We conducted a study to assess the psychological impact of BPH-related sexual dysfunction. We used two scores to assess anxiety-depressive symptoms. The Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9), which gives an indication of the severity of depression, and the Generalized Anxiety Disorder - 7 (GAD-7) 1 for screening patients for generalized anxiety disorder. The severity of erectile dysfunction was specified using the SHIM score (Sexual Health Inventory for Men). Results: A total of 290 participants. The mean age was 58 years, 175 (60%) patients had erectile dysfunction, 120 (60%) of these patients with ED were treated with alpha blockers (OR=2.38, RR = 1.43, p = 0.04). The most represented age group was 60-69 years, 50 (28%) patients were treated with alpha blockers (OR=1.67, RR = 1.15, p = 0.01) while only 10 (5.7%) patients were treated with herbal extracts (phytotherapy). 65% of participants with erectile dysfunction showed varying degrees of depression and 53% of participants with erectile dysfunction showed varying degrees of anxiety. Conclusion: Micturition disorders caused by benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) and erectile dysfunction are frequent and often coexist. BPH-related erectile dysfunction has a significant psychological impact.

An investigative study of anxiety, depression and sleep quality in college students after the COVID-19 pandemic - the moderating effect of physical activity

To explore the current situation of anxiety, depression and sleep quality among college students after the COVID-19 pandemic, as well as the moderating effect of physical activity on negative emotions, and to provide a theoretical basis for colleges and universities to formulate corresponding interventions. An online cross-sectional questionnaire survey was carried out by convenience sampling method on 801 college students from China through the General Information Questionnaire (GIQ), Anxiety Self-Rating Scale (ASRS), Depression Self-Rating Scale (DSRS), Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index Scale (PQIS), and Physical Activity Rating Scale (PARS). Data were analysed using SPSS 25.0 software and Pearson correlation was used to explore the correlations between variables. The scores of anxiety, depression, sleep quality, and physical activity level of the 801 college students included in the study after the Covid-19 pandemic were 37.15, 40.93, 2.9, and 14.44, respectively; and the detection rates of anxiety symptoms, depressive symptoms, and sleep disorders were 41.09%, 42.89%, and 30.82%, respectively. The detection rate of negative emotions was significantly higher in females than in males, and the senior group was significantly higher than the junior group in terms of depression and anxiety symptoms. The amount of physical activity of college students was significantly negatively correlated with anxiety (r=-0.691, P<0.001), depression (r=-0.767, P<0.001), and sleep quality (r=-0.814, P<0.001); anxiety was positively correlated with depression (r=0.622, P<0.001) and sleep quality (r=0.598, P<0.05); and positive correlation between depression and sleep quality (r=0.512, P<0.05). After the Covid-19 pandemic, college students showed different degrees of anxiety, depression and sleep disorders, the appropriate frequency of exercise can effectively improve the negative emotions of college students, and colleges and universities should pay attention to guiding the students and give them enough care and support to improve their mental health status.

Paritas, Age, and Education Are Associated with the Level of Anxiety in Facing the Childbirth Period in PMB Komang Seni Rahayu, A.Md.Keb

Pregnancy-related anxiety is a condition that arises from the subjective experience of unsettling mental tension as a general reaction and the inability to deal with issues or feelings of insecurity that affect pregnant women and are related to the mother's concern for the welfare of herself and her fetus. The pregnant woman's age, education level, and prior pregnancies and deliveries are risk factors that contribute to anxiety in pregnant women. Particularly throughout the third trimester of pregnancy up until delivery, anxiety can strike pregnant women. Pregnant women experience anxiety during this time, including worry about having a healthy baby or worrying about the discomfort they are experiencing. These diseases can raise the risk of bleeding wounds and uterine atony, while also raising the likelihood of preterm birth and low birth weight in babies. This study's main goal was to find out how third-trimester pregnant women at PMB Komang Seni Rahayu, A.Md.Keb related to parity, age, and education. This study is quantitative and cross-sectional in nature. A questionnaire that was distributed to a specified group of respondents was used to collect data using the purposive sampling technique. 32 samples total were used in this study. Both univariate and bivariate data analysis are used in this study. Results of the correlations statistical test (= 0.05). The findings revealed a correlation between parity, age, and education with the degree of anxiety associated with giving birth in third-trimester pregnant women at PMB Komang Seni Rahayu, A.Md.Keb, with a significance of p = 0.139 at parity, age with p = 0.005, and level of education with 0.628.
 
 Keywords : Characteristics, Pregnant Women, Anxiety

Anxiety, depression, and alcohol use disorder in dermatologists: relationship with burnout and associated risk factors.

Burnout syndrome is a mental health condition related to chronic occupational stress; its prevalence, as well as its relationship with other mental health disorders in physicians, has become a topic of growing interest. However, no studies with large sample sizes evaluate this association in dermatologists. With this background, a cross-sectional study was designed, which included 420 Spanish dermatologists; the mean age was 44.5 years (12.39), and 62% (260/420) were women. Eleven percent (45/420) of the participants presented a moderate risk of burnout, more than half of the sample had at least one of the burnout symptoms, 47% (198/420) had some degree of anxiety, and 20.3% (85/420) presented some degree of depression. Less than 1% (4/420) demonstrated a high risk of alcohol use disorder. Being female was associated with a higher risk of depression and anxiety. Meanwhile, men and residents showed an increasedrisk of alcohol use disorder. Burnout and its domains showed a significative association with depression and anxiety, while no relationship with alcohol abuse was observed.

Prevalence and factors associated with excessive daytime sleepiness among Malaysian medical students

The purpose of our study was to ascertain the frequency of excessive daytime sleepiness (EDS) amongst medical students as well as the contributing variables. In Kelantan, Malaysia, at the School of Medical Sciences of Universiti Sains Malaysia, a cross-sectional research study was carried out. The Epworth drowsiness scale was used to gauge the degree of daytime drowsiness, and the depression, anxiety, and stress scale was used to gauge the degree of depression, anxiety, and stress. The related factors of EDS were analyzed using ordinal logistic regression. 311 individuals, or 84.5% of the total, submitted the questionnaire out of 368. 42.7% of people had EDS (95% CI: 0.52, 0.70). The associated factors of EDS included year of study (adjusted odds ratio [AOR]=0.55 [95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.33, 0.91]), race (Chinese) (AOR=0.58 [95% CI: 0.32, 0.97]), anxiety level (mild) (AOR=2.68 [95% CI: 1.26, 5.68]), anxiety level (moderate) (AOR=3.70 [95% CI: 1.76, 7.75]), anxiety level (severe) (AOR=4.76 [95% CI: 1.06, 21.42]), stress level (mild) (AOR=3.37 [95% CI: 1.47, 7.30]) and stress level (moderate) (AOR=5.42 [95% CI: 2.05, 14.35]). As for conclusion, associated factors such as year of study, race, anxiety and stress level were significantly found to be associated with EDS among medical students.<b> </b>

Psychological factors may affect the quality of life in irritable bowel syndrome patients more than the gut itself? A multicenter cross-sectional study.

Both intestinal symptoms and comorbidities exist in irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) patients and influence their quality of life (QOL). More research is needed to determine how these variables impact the QOL of IBS patients. This study aimed to determine which specific factors had a higher influence on QOL and to further compare the effects of intestinal symptoms and comorbidities on QOL. IBS patients were recruited from six tertiary hospitals in different regions of China. QOL, gastrointestinal symptoms, and comorbidities were assessed by different scales. Correlation analysis, multiple linear regression, and mediation model were used for statistics. Four hundred fifty-three IBS patients (39.7% women, mean age 45 years) were included and no significant differences in QOL were found across demographic characteristics. Abnormal defecation (r = -0.398), fatigue (r = -0.266), and weakness (r = -0.286) were found to show higher correlation with QOL. More than 40% of IBS patients were found to suffer from varying degrees of anxiety or depression, and anxiety (r = -0.564) and depression (r = -0.411) were significantly negatively correlated with QOL (P < 0.001). Psychological factors showed the strongest impact (β' = -0.451) and play a strong mediating role in the impact of physiological symptoms on QOL. Anxiety was found to be the strongest factor (β' = -0.421). Compared with other symptoms, psychological symptoms, particularly anxiety, are more common and have a more negative influence on QOL. The QOL of IBS patients is also significantly impacted by abnormal defecation, abdominal distension, and systemic extraintestinal somatic symptoms. In the treatment of IBS patients with unhealthy mental status, psychotherapy might be prioritized.

Частота тривожно-депресивного синдрому в дітей, хворих на запальні захворювання кишечника

Inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD) have been spreading rapidly in industrialized countries since the beginning of the 21st century. Purpose - to determine the frequency of symptoms of anxiety and depression in children with IBD, in order to optimize treatment. Materials and methods. 18 patients aged 10-17 years were surveyed: 10 people with ulcerative colitis (UC) and 8 people with Crohn’s disease (CD), symptoms of anxiety and depression were studied using PHQ-2, PHQ-9 questionnaires (Patient Health Questionnaire) and GAD-7 (Generalized Anxiety Disorder). The obtained results were analyzed using SPSS 26.0 programs. The odds ratio (OR) was considered significant if the 95% confidence interval (CI) did not include 1. The difference in samples was considered significant at p&lt;0.05. Results. Of the 18 patients who were surveyed using the PHQ-2 questionnaire, 13 (72.2%) were screened for further investigation using the PHQ-9 questionnaire. The prevalence of anxiety symptoms was 55.5% (95% CI: 38.3-66.5), depressive symptoms - 34.8% (95% CI: 21.4-45.8). Patients with CD had higher odds of anxiety symptoms (OR: 1.2, 95% CI: 1.1-3.6) and depressive symptoms (OR: 1.3, 95% CI: 1.1-1.7) than children with UC. There were differences in the severity of anxiety and depression in different pathological conditions (IBD: p&lt;0.01; UC: p&lt;0.05; CD: p=0.05). The frequency of symptoms of anxiety or depression was higher in patients with active IBD than in children with inactive disease (100% and 33.3% and 100% and 45.8%, respectively). Minimal (0-4 points) and mild (5-9) degrees of anxiety and depression prevailed. Conclusions. The frequency of detection of symptoms of anxiety and depression in children with CD and UC in the active stage of the disease is 55.5% and 34.8%, respectively, with a predominance of minimal (0-4 points) and mild (5-9) degrees. Patients with CD are higher odds of anxiety and depression symptoms than children with UC. The research was carried out in accordance with the principles of the Helsinki Declaration. The study protocol was approved by the Local Ethics Committee of the participating institution. The informed consent of the patient was obtained for conducting the studies. No conflict of interests was declared by the authors.

Features of the quality of life in children with chronic gastritis and psychological characteristics of the personality of patients

Introduction. Studies by foreign authors indicate a decrease in the quality of life in children with chronic abdominal pain within the framework of organic and functional pathology. The aim of the work was to analyze quality of life in children with chronic gastritis, taking into account the psychological characteristics of the patients’ personality.&#x0D; Materials and methods. The study included 84 patients with chronic gastritis. The average age of the patients was 12.10 ± 2.84 years. The quality of life was assessed using the PedsQL™ 4.0 questionnaire, psycho-emotional characteristics — the HADS and Spielberger–Khanin questionnaires.&#x0D; Results. All patients are characterized by a significant decrease in the quality of life in general and for each component of the child’s life functioning studied by the questionnaire. A significant difference was revealed at the level of the integral indicator of quality of life (p = 0.023) and within the framework of role functioning (p = 0.035) depended on the intensity of the pain syndrome. In the presence of nausea, the overall quality of life was lower than in its absence (p = 0.008). Quality of life related to physical functioning was lower in children complaining of periodic vomiting (p = 0.002). A high frequency of subclinical and clinically significant depression was revealed (59.5%). Patients with subclinical and clinical significant depression had statistically significantly lower quality of life indicators in terms of emotional (p = 0.014) and social functioning (p = 0.010). A significant prevalence of personal and situational anxiety in children was revealed. A decrease in the quality of life in children was determined within the framework of the general integral indicator with a high degree of situational anxiety (p = 0.038). &#x0D; Conclusion. The study showed a significant decrease in the quality in life of children with chronic gastritis disease in comparison with healthy children, while the degree of decrease correlated with the presence and severity of depression and both personal and situational anxiety. At present, it is quite difficult to say unambiguously what is primary: the influence of emotional status on the disease and quality of life, or vice versa.

Using a virtual reality interview simulator to explore factors influencing people’s behavior

Virtual reality interview simulator (VRIS) is an effective and valid tool that uses virtual reality technology to train people’s interview skills. Typically, it offers candidates prone to being very nervous during interviews the opportunity to practice interviews in a safe and manageable virtual environment and realistic settings, providing real-time feedback from a virtual interviewer on their performance. It helps interviewees improve their skills, reduce their fears, gain confidence, and minimize the cost and time associated with traditional interview preparation. Yet, the major anxiety-inducing elements remain unknown. During an interview, the anxiety levels, overall experience, and performance of interviewees might be affected by various circumstances. By analyzing electrodermal activity and questionnaire, we investigated the influence of five variables: (I) Realism; (II) Question type; (III) Interviewer attitude; (IV) Timing; and (V) Preparation. As such, an orthogonal design L8(41×24)\\documentclass[12pt]{minimal} \\usepackage{amsmath} \\usepackage{wasysym} \\usepackage{amsfonts} \\usepackage{amssymb} \\usepackage{amsbsy} \\usepackage{mathrsfs} \\usepackage{upgreek} \\setlength{\\oddsidemargin}{-69pt} \\begin{document}$$L_8(4^1 \ imes 2^4)$$\\end{document} with eight experiments (OA8\\documentclass[12pt]{minimal} \\usepackage{amsmath} \\usepackage{wasysym} \\usepackage{amsfonts} \\usepackage{amssymb} \\usepackage{amsbsy} \\usepackage{mathrsfs} \\usepackage{upgreek} \\setlength{\\oddsidemargin}{-69pt} \\begin{document}$$O A_8$$\\end{document} matrix) was implemented, in which 19 college students took part in the experiments. Considering the anxiety, overall experience, and performance of the interviewees, we found that Question type plays a major role; secondly, Realism, Preparation, and Interviewer attitude all have middle influence; lastly, Timing has little to no impact. Specifically, professional interview questions elicited a greater degree of anxiety than personal ones among the categories of interview questions. This work contributes to our understanding of anxiety-stimulating factors during job interviews in virtual reality and provides cues for designing future VRIS.

Effect of vitamin E with and without saffron on the sexual function in women of reproductive age with sexual dysfunction: a randomized controlled trial

BackgroundSexual satisfaction is a crucial part of a fulfilled life, and the ability to have satisfying sexual function is crucial to one’s sexual health. This study investigated the effect of the combined administration of saffron and vitamin E and vitamin E alone on the sexual function of women in their reproductive years.MethodsA triple-blind randomized controlled trial was conducted with 50 participants experiencing sexual dysfunction without comorbid sleep disorders or severe depression. They were allocated into two groups using a block randomization method (stratified based on the severity of moderate or mild/normal depression). During the 8-week intervention period, participants in the experimental group were administered a 15 mg saffron capsule (safrotin) in the morning and a combination capsule containing 15 mg saffron and 50 mg vitamin E (safradide) in the evening. During the same period, the control group consumed one saffron placebo capsule in the morning and one capsule containing 50 mg of vitamin E and saffron placebo in the evening (in identical appearance to safradide). The Female Sexual Function Index was used to assess sexual function, and the Depression, Anxiety, and Stress Scale-21 (DASS-21) was used to measure levels of depression, anxiety, and stress. These measures were administered at baseline as well as four and eight weeks post-intervention, with an additional measurement taken four weeks after the intervention ceased. The repeated measures ANOVA, ANCOVA, and Mann-Whitney U tests were used to compare the groups.ResultsFollowing the intervention, the experimental group (saffron and vitamin E) demonstrated a statistically significant increase in the overall mean score of sexual function compared to the control group (placebo of saffron and vitamin E) (adjusted mean difference (AMD): 4.6; 95%CI: 3.1 to 6.1; p < 0.001). The mean scores for sexual function dimensions, namely libido, arousal, orgasm, and satisfaction, except for pain, were consistently higher than those of the control group across all time points (p < 0.001). Additionally, the mean score for lubrication was significantly higher only at the eighth-week measurement (p = 0.004). The mean depression score in the experimental group was significantly lower than in the control group at all-time points, i.e., four (p = 0.011) and eight weeks after the intervention (p = 0.005), and four weeks after the end of the intervention (p = 0.007). The experimental group exhibited a statistically significant decrease in mean anxiety score compared to the control group at four weeks into the intervention (p = 0.016) and four weeks following the end of the intervention (p = 0.002). At eight weeks post-intervention, however, there was no significant difference between the groups (p = 0.177). Additionally, the experimental group exhibited a significant reduction in the overall mean stress score compared to the control group after the intervention (AMD: -2.3; 95%CI: -3.1 to -1.5; p < 0.001).ConclusionUsing the combination of saffron and vitamin E is more effective in improving sexual function and its domains compared to vitamin E alone in women of reproductive age with sexual dysfunction without severe depression. Also, it diminishes the degree of depression, anxiety, and stress more compared to vitamin E alone. However, further research is required to arrive at a more definitive conclusion.Trial registrationIranian Registry of Clinical Trials (IRCT): IRCT20100414003706N36. Date of registration: 17/05/2020; URL: https://en.irct.ir/trial/45992; Date of first registration: 21/05/2020.

Effect of health education based on information-motivation-behavioral skills model on patients with unilateral vestibular dysfunction.

Vestibular dysfunction (VH) is a common concomitant symptom of late peripheral vestibular lesions, which can be trauma, poisoning, infection, heredity, and neurodegeneration, but about 50% of the causes are unknown. The study uses the information-motivation-behavioral skills (IMB) model for health education, effectively improve the quality of life, increase their self-confidence, reduce anxiety and depression, and effectively improve the psychological state of patients. To explore the effect of health education based on the IMB model on the degree of vertigo, disability, anxiety and depression in patients with unilateral vestibular hypofunction. The clinical data of 80 patients with unilateral vestibular hypofunction from January 2019 to December 2021 were selected as the retrospective research objects, and they were divided into the control group and the observation group with 40 cases in each group according to different nursing methods. Among them, the control group was given routine nursing health education and guidance, and the observation group was given health education and guidance based on the IMB model. The changes in self-efficacy, anxiety and depression, and quality of life of patients with unilateral VH were compared between the two groups. There was no significant difference in General Self-Efficacy Scale (GSES) scale scores between the two groups of patients before nursing (P > 0.05), which was comparable; after nursing, the GSES scale scores of the two groups were higher than those before nursing. The nursing group was higher than the control group, and the difference was statistically significant (P < 0.05). There was no significant difference in the scores of Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS) and anxiety and depression subscales between the two groups before nursing (P > 0.05). After nursing, the HADS score, anxiety, and depression subscale scores of the two groups of patients were lower than those before nursing, and the nursing group was lower than the control group, and the difference was statistically significant (P < 0.05). After nursing, the Dizziness Handicap Inventory (DHI) scale and DHI-P, DHI-E and DHI-F scores in the two groups were decreased, and the scores in the nursing group were lower than those in the control group, and the difference was statistically significant (P < 0.05). Health education based on the IMB model can effectively improve patients' quality of life, increase self-efficacy of patients with unilateral vestibular hypofunction, enhance patients' confidence, enable patients to resume normal work and life as soon as possible, reduce patients' anxiety and depression, and effectively improve patients' psychological status.

Treatment of Women With Primary Dysmenorrhea With Manual Therapy and Electrotherapy Techniques: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.

The objective of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of electrotherapy and manual therapy for the treatment of women with primary dysmenorrhea. Systematic searches were conducted in Scopus, Web of Science, PubMed, CINAHL, and MEDLINE. The articles must have been published in the last 10years, had a sample exclusively of women with primary dysmenorrhea, had a randomized controlled trial design, and used interventions that included some form of manual therapy and/or electrotherapy techniques. Two reviewers independently screened articles for eligibility and extracted data. Difference in mean differences and their 95% CIs were calculated as the between-group difference in means divided by the pooled standard deviation. The I2 statistic was used to determine the degree of heterogeneity. Twelve selected studies evaluated interventions, with 5 evaluating electrotherapy techniques and 7 evaluating manual therapy techniques. All studies analyzed identified improvements in pain intensity and meta-analysis confirmed their strong effect. Manual therapy and electrotherapy are effective for the treatment of women with primary dysmenorrhea. Transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation combined with thermotherapy and effleurage massage stands out for its effects on the intensity and duration of pain with the application of a few sessions and their long-term effects. Manual therapy techniques and electrotherapy methods reduce the pain intensity of women with primary dysmenorrhea. Quality of life and degree of anxiety improved significantly with manual therapy interventions. Transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation combined with thermotherapy and effleurage massage are the interventions with which positive effects were achieved with fewer sessions.

The Effects of Genre Writing on Korean High School Learners’ English Writing Abilities and Learning Motivation according to the Degree of English Writing Anxiety

English writing education is crucial for ESL/EFL learners, and the significance of affective factors, such as anxiety, has been emphasized. However, there are limitations in the school field that prevent a balanced English learning environment. Moreover, longitudinal studies are lacking to track learners’ progress over time. Thus, this study aimed to investigate the effects of genre writing on Korean high school learners’ English writing abilities and learning motivation according to the degree of English writing anxiety. The study engaged twelve first-year (Grade 10) high school students who participated in genre writing for a three-year longitudinal study from mid-March 2020 to December 2022. The results of this study are as follows. First, it confirmed that the English writing anxiety of all learners who participated in genre writing was significantly alleviated. However, the higher the level of English writing anxiety, the more significant the alleviation. Second, it was found that the English writing abilities of all students who participated in genre writing was significantly improved in most period sections, regardless of their level of English writing anxiety. However, the lower the level of English writing anxiety, the greater the improvement in the English writing abilities. Finally, the learning motivation of all students who participated in genre writing significantly improved, regardless of their level of English writing anxiety. The findings have useful pedagogical implications for teachers to develop English writing abilities while considering learners’ affective factors.